ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
The integration of art, material and structure in built heritage
The Natural History of Unicorns: Museums, Libraries, and Technology Collabora...Martin Kalfatovic
Presentation for American Society of Information Science and Technology /The Catholic University of America, School of Library and Information Science Student Chapter. April 25, 2003. Washington, DC.
Elaich module 3 topic 3.8 a - Salt decay in lab: Salt crystallizationelaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Salt decay in lab: Salt crystallization
Elaich module 5 topic 5.3.1 - Graffiti and anti-graffiti systems: the case of...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Graffiti and anti-graffiti systems: the case of Saint Mark’s Square in Venice
Elaich module 6 topic 6.5 - Protection and rehabilitation of historic city of...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Protection and rehabilitation of historic city of Acre
Elaich module 4 topic 4.7 - Criteria and methodology for consolidation - pilo...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Criteria and methodology for consolidation - pilot applications and case studies » Teaching material
The Natural History of Unicorns: Museums, Libraries, and Technology Collabora...Martin Kalfatovic
Presentation for American Society of Information Science and Technology /The Catholic University of America, School of Library and Information Science Student Chapter. April 25, 2003. Washington, DC.
Elaich module 3 topic 3.8 a - Salt decay in lab: Salt crystallizationelaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Salt decay in lab: Salt crystallization
Elaich module 5 topic 5.3.1 - Graffiti and anti-graffiti systems: the case of...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Graffiti and anti-graffiti systems: the case of Saint Mark’s Square in Venice
Elaich module 6 topic 6.5 - Protection and rehabilitation of historic city of...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Protection and rehabilitation of historic city of Acre
Elaich module 4 topic 4.7 - Criteria and methodology for consolidation - pilo...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Criteria and methodology for consolidation - pilot applications and case studies » Teaching material
Elaich module 3 topic 3.8.b - From salt decay in lab to exercise salt decay p...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
From salt decay in lab to exercise salt decay pathology on the monument
Elaich module 1 topic 1.3 advanced - Conservation of the monuments of the Acr...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Conservation of the monuments of the Acropolis of Athens in compatibility with and revealing the values of the monuments
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
How to monitor cultural heritage after the conservation treatments
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Historic structural systems - behaviour and typical damages. Types of structural members and their effect on the behaviour of historic structures. Methods for the in situ investigation of historic structures
Elaich module 4 topic 4.8 - Reverse engineering for compatible and performing...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Reverse engineering for compatible and performing restoration materials – case studies
Elaich module 1 topic 1.1 - What is cultural heritage? part IIelaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Elaich module 1 topic 1.1 - What is cultural heritage? part II
Elaich module 1 topic 1.2 - Why should we preserve cultural heritage?elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Why should we preserve cultural heritage?
Elaich module 1 topic 1.1 - What is cultural heritage? part Ielaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Elaich module 1 topic 1.1 - What is cultural heritage? part I
Elaich module 1 topic 1.3 - How should we preserve cultural heritage?elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
How should we preserve cultural heritage?
Budget cuts are no longer to be considered a merely temporary accident, so we have to face the fact that ours is now a post-affluent society, where vast primadonna-like museal programmes (and architectures) are going to be a thing of the past, and sustainability, as well as vernacular architectures, are the things we should take into focus.
This also means downsizing infrastructures and tools. In documentation and communication - of single artefacts, collections, and museum programmes - we can consider the role of humbler (and less expensive) tools.
Like social upheaval’ dissemination in the Maghreb and in the Middle East has effectively demonstrated, a smartphone can be a very powerful tool. If we think of the fact that museum professionals are very often already networked, we can easily imagine a new, “lighter” and less expensive process of collections’ documentation, based on already existing know-how.
This presentation has been prepared for a meeting organized by ICOM and the City of Bologna Museums Authority, focused on the preservation of virtual memories (19 May 2011). Further details about the meeting can be found on twitter at #memorievirtuali.
If not stated otherwise, all pictures are by the author.
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Archaeological parks
107
IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
Architects—from Vitruvius to Le Corbusier, Alberti to Wright, and Viollet-le-Duc to Kahn—
have discussed the importance of materiality in architecture. Since the beginning of
architectural history, designers and builders articulated both practical and theoretical
principles on how materials are to be procured, refined, stored, and assembled. Architecture
is, of course, the putting together of materials: stone, wood, brick, etc. Throughout much
of architectural history, architects focused on qualities of solidity, permanence, and
heaviness. In opposition, new materials have enabled new qualities: Can buildings be
more transparent, maybe ghostly or invisible? Can buildings become lighter, maybe able
to float? Can buildings be made to move, maybe daily? Exemplified by Diller and Scofidio’s
“Blur Building” at the 2002 Swiss Expo, where the primary building material was fog, the
exploration of “immateriality” in architecture is relatively new.
Building upon Vitruvius’ work, Leon Battista Alberti wrote at length about materials
and construction in “Book III” of The Art of Building in Ten Books, the original text for
this chapter. Alberti articulated the properties and procurement of various building
materials: timber, stone, brick, lime, and sand. He described how to “properly” refine
these materials, and to utilize them in construction. Beginning with the foundation, and
moving on to discussions of walls, roofs, and “pavements” (i.e., flooring), Alberti delivered
a systemic guide for constructing public buildings, predominantly based on objective,
practical, empirical, and technical expertise. Durability, much more than aesthetics, was
Alberti’s primary concern throughout the first half of his Ten Books, developing a seamless
translation from raw material—the natural properties of stone, wood, etc.—to built form.
This parallels Louis Kahn’s famous dialogue with a brick, where he asks the brick what it
wants to be, and the brick, in Kahn’s words, says, “I like an arch.”1
Finnish architect and theorist Juhani Pallasmaa saw the process of construction
not only as an extension of material properties but also as an extension of the human
body. In The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses, the reflective text for this
chapter, Pallasmaa asserted, “Construction in traditional cultures is guided by the body
in the same way that a bird shapes its nest by movements of its body. Indigenous clay
1. This conversation appears in
the 2003 documentary film My
Architect, directed by Kahn’s
son Nathaniel Kahn.
Introducing Arch Theory-01-c 7/12/11 13:24 Page 107
and mud architectures in various parts of the world seem to be born of the muscular and
haptic senses.” Pallasmaa utilized this conceptualization to critique what he viewed as
an overreliance on the visual, rather than tactile, sense in architectural design. According
to Pallasmaa, inhabitants become “spectators,” experiencing archit ...
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection
Elaich module 3 topic 3.8.b - From salt decay in lab to exercise salt decay p...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
From salt decay in lab to exercise salt decay pathology on the monument
Elaich module 1 topic 1.3 advanced - Conservation of the monuments of the Acr...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Conservation of the monuments of the Acropolis of Athens in compatibility with and revealing the values of the monuments
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
How to monitor cultural heritage after the conservation treatments
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Historic structural systems - behaviour and typical damages. Types of structural members and their effect on the behaviour of historic structures. Methods for the in situ investigation of historic structures
Elaich module 4 topic 4.8 - Reverse engineering for compatible and performing...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Reverse engineering for compatible and performing restoration materials – case studies
Elaich module 1 topic 1.1 - What is cultural heritage? part IIelaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Elaich module 1 topic 1.1 - What is cultural heritage? part II
Elaich module 1 topic 1.2 - Why should we preserve cultural heritage?elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Why should we preserve cultural heritage?
Elaich module 1 topic 1.1 - What is cultural heritage? part Ielaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Elaich module 1 topic 1.1 - What is cultural heritage? part I
Elaich module 1 topic 1.3 - How should we preserve cultural heritage?elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
How should we preserve cultural heritage?
Budget cuts are no longer to be considered a merely temporary accident, so we have to face the fact that ours is now a post-affluent society, where vast primadonna-like museal programmes (and architectures) are going to be a thing of the past, and sustainability, as well as vernacular architectures, are the things we should take into focus.
This also means downsizing infrastructures and tools. In documentation and communication - of single artefacts, collections, and museum programmes - we can consider the role of humbler (and less expensive) tools.
Like social upheaval’ dissemination in the Maghreb and in the Middle East has effectively demonstrated, a smartphone can be a very powerful tool. If we think of the fact that museum professionals are very often already networked, we can easily imagine a new, “lighter” and less expensive process of collections’ documentation, based on already existing know-how.
This presentation has been prepared for a meeting organized by ICOM and the City of Bologna Museums Authority, focused on the preservation of virtual memories (19 May 2011). Further details about the meeting can be found on twitter at #memorievirtuali.
If not stated otherwise, all pictures are by the author.
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Archaeological parks
107
IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
Architects—from Vitruvius to Le Corbusier, Alberti to Wright, and Viollet-le-Duc to Kahn—
have discussed the importance of materiality in architecture. Since the beginning of
architectural history, designers and builders articulated both practical and theoretical
principles on how materials are to be procured, refined, stored, and assembled. Architecture
is, of course, the putting together of materials: stone, wood, brick, etc. Throughout much
of architectural history, architects focused on qualities of solidity, permanence, and
heaviness. In opposition, new materials have enabled new qualities: Can buildings be
more transparent, maybe ghostly or invisible? Can buildings become lighter, maybe able
to float? Can buildings be made to move, maybe daily? Exemplified by Diller and Scofidio’s
“Blur Building” at the 2002 Swiss Expo, where the primary building material was fog, the
exploration of “immateriality” in architecture is relatively new.
Building upon Vitruvius’ work, Leon Battista Alberti wrote at length about materials
and construction in “Book III” of The Art of Building in Ten Books, the original text for
this chapter. Alberti articulated the properties and procurement of various building
materials: timber, stone, brick, lime, and sand. He described how to “properly” refine
these materials, and to utilize them in construction. Beginning with the foundation, and
moving on to discussions of walls, roofs, and “pavements” (i.e., flooring), Alberti delivered
a systemic guide for constructing public buildings, predominantly based on objective,
practical, empirical, and technical expertise. Durability, much more than aesthetics, was
Alberti’s primary concern throughout the first half of his Ten Books, developing a seamless
translation from raw material—the natural properties of stone, wood, etc.—to built form.
This parallels Louis Kahn’s famous dialogue with a brick, where he asks the brick what it
wants to be, and the brick, in Kahn’s words, says, “I like an arch.”1
Finnish architect and theorist Juhani Pallasmaa saw the process of construction
not only as an extension of material properties but also as an extension of the human
body. In The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses, the reflective text for this
chapter, Pallasmaa asserted, “Construction in traditional cultures is guided by the body
in the same way that a bird shapes its nest by movements of its body. Indigenous clay
1. This conversation appears in
the 2003 documentary film My
Architect, directed by Kahn’s
son Nathaniel Kahn.
Introducing Arch Theory-01-c 7/12/11 13:24 Page 107
and mud architectures in various parts of the world seem to be born of the muscular and
haptic senses.” Pallasmaa utilized this conceptualization to critique what he viewed as
an overreliance on the visual, rather than tactile, sense in architectural design. According
to Pallasmaa, inhabitants become “spectators,” experiencing archit ...
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection
Evaluation of the Thermal Comfort in the Design of the Museum Routes: The Thermal Topology
* Ph.D. Candidate SELMA SARAOUI1, Dr. AZEDDINE BELAKEHAL 2, Dr. ABDELGHANI ATTAR 3 Dr. AMAR BENNADJI 4
1 Department of Architecture, University of Bejaia, Algeria.
² Laboratoire de Conception et de Modélisation des Formes et des Ambiances (LACOMOFA), Department of Architecture, University of Biskra, Algeria.
³MCB at the Department of Architecture, University of Bejaia, Algeria.
4 The Scott Sutherland School of Architecture and Built Environment, the Robert Gordon University, UK
E mail: saraoui.selma@gmail.com , E mail: belakehal@gmail.com , E mail: attar.a.ghani@gmail.com , E mail: a.bennadji@rgu.ac.uk
A B S T R A C T
Museums are nowadays among the most popular projects for the public, the concept of thermal comfort in museums is often treated after the realization. Even if in the design, the architect shows a particular intention to work with daylight which is considered for these projects as main, the architect often considers certain elements that have an influence on the energy balance of these projects such as: orientation, building materials. The museum route is the key to the success of any museum project, it is the space of the visitor, the space in which he is invaded by sensations. In this study, we will first evaluate the thermal comfort in the museum as a whole (building) and then through its route. The objective is to guide reflection in the design of the museum towards the route in order to reduce energy consumption. In order to carry out our study, some European museums were analysed by means of simulation, according to the thermal comfort of their designs for the most unfavourable conditions, then by a thermal analysis of the museum route according to the segmentation principle using the average radiant temperature. This method allowed us to bring out correspondences between the architectural form and the route. Finally, the segmentation method constitutes the basis of a new methodological approach called "thermal topology" based on the discontinuities of the temperatures in the route.
The great challenge to museum architecture lies in providing for the often conflicting uses of the building. On one hand, the important objects in the collection must be preserved, and preservation often requires very specific environments. On the other hand, museums make parts of their collection available to the public, so the environment must be comfortable for people, enabling their movement through the space and providing for their safety.
Elaich module 4 topic 4.6 - Criteria and methodology for cleaning - pilot app...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Criteria and methodology for cleaning - pilot applications and case studies
Elaich module 2 topic 2.6 advanced - Diagnostic study of the Hagia Sophia mos...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Diagnostic study of the Hagia Sophia mosaics
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Elaich module 2 topic 2.3 - The integration of art, material and structure in built heritage
1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz - Technion Israel Institute of Technology Knowing the built heritage Module 2 Basic Cour s e Teaching Material Topic 2 . 3 The integration of art, material and structure in built heritage Educational Toolkit
3. Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz - Technion Israel Institute of Technology Abstract Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Buildings and other objects of the built heritage possess different values (see Module 1) and combine art, technology and material. Often structural elements whose primary role is to provide the building’s stability, are artistically shaped. In such cases structural elements have a dual function: technological/structural and artistic/ architectural. The current presentation is an overview of this subject. It explains and illustrates through examples, this “dual” aesthetical-technological role of structural elements, and the vice versa structural role of some architectural elements. It is targeted at developing a basic understanding of the integrity and mutual influence of art, material and structure in the built heritage.
4. Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz - Technion Israel Institute of Technology Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Content of Topic 2.3 2.3 The integration of art, material and structure in built heritage 2.3.1. General introduction 2.3.2. Case studies: columns, arches, vaults, cupolas, etc. Content
5.
6.
7.
8. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Supporting elements Corbels and cantilevers (elements protruding from the buildings) supporting balconies, galleries and other protruding parts, were often shaped as sculptural elements, and may be richly ornamented. In this example in Ljubljiana, Slovenia, structural elements are covered with plaster moldings, in accordance with traditional local building techniques and the architectural design of the period when it was built. 2.3.2. Case studies
9. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Supporting elements Corbels and cantilevers (elements protruding from the buildings) supporting balconies, galleries and other protruding parts, were often shaped as sculptural elements, and may be richly ornamented. They might be protruding parts of the stones built into the stone wall. They might be of a simple design, like these corbels supporting a functional element in the fortifications of the city walls of Jerusalem.
10. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Supporting elements Corbels and cantilevers (elements protruding from the buildings) supporting balconies, galleries and other protruding parts, were often shaped as sculptural elements, and may be richly ornamented. They might be protruding parts of the stones built into the stone wall. They might be of a simple design, like these corbels supporting a functional element in the fortifications of the city walls of Jerusalem.
11. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Supporting elements They might be protruding parts of the stones built into the stone wall. They might be of a simple design, like these consoles supporting fortifications elements of the Castle of Saumur, Val de Loire, France, built about 600 years ago. Corbels and cantilevers (elements protruding from the buildings) supporting balconies, galleries and other protruding parts, were often shaped as sculptural elements, and may be richly ornamented.
12. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Supporting elements These protruding parts of the stones built into the stone wall. They might have different shapes, like in this mediaeval design in France. Corbels and cantilevers (elements protruding from the buildings) supporting balconies, galleries and other protruding parts, were often shaped as sculptural elements, and may be richly ornamented.
13. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Supporting elements This single, seemingly always “small” element may have a tremendous influence on the image of the whole part of the city – traditionally Mediterranean protruding windows, supported by corbels, in La Valetta, Malta. Corbels and cantilevers (elements protruding from the buildings) supporting balconies, galleries and other protruding parts, were often shaped as sculptural elements, and may be richly ornamented.
14. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Columns’ capitals The tops of columns traditionally have ‘capitals’ – a decorated part which is an intermediate element between the column and the load of the upper parts of the building. In different epochs they were shaped differently and there are a great number of remarkable capitals through the history of built heritage. 2.3.2. Case studies
15. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Columns’ capitals The tops of columns traditionally have ‘capitals’ – a decorated part which is an intermediate element between the column and the load of the upper parts of the building. In different epochs they were shaped differently and there are a great number of remarkable capitals through the history of built heritage.
16. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Columns and pilasters (half- or part-columns attached to the façade) were sometimes an integral part of the architecture of the entire building. Columns
17. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide In Villa Imperiale in Stra, Veneto, Italy, four figures of the central part of the façade combine the features of “sculptured” columns, or pilasters, while two corresponding details on the far left, and two on the far right from the entrance, are reduced to some version of corbels. Supporting elements/ columns/ pilasters
18. 2.3.2. Case studies Cultural Heritage: Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide One of the most famous examples in the history of architecture, is probably the sculptures-columns – cariatides - of the Erechtheion, Acropolis, Athens. Column=sculpture There are abundant examples of shaping a structural element as a sculpture – or, vice versa giving a sculpture a structural role of an element supporting a certain part of a building, the sculpture=column, has been known since ancient times.
19. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide This capital (upper part) of a column is shaped as a head of a woman. Actually, the whole column is a sculpture. “ Musikferein” - Society of the Friends of Music Building, Vienna, built in 1870. Column=sculpture
20. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide In a wider setting – the structure of the concert hall is based on columns and walls supporting beams and a flat ceiling “ Musikferein” - Society of the Friends of Music Building, Vienna, built in 1870. Column=sculpture
21. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide “ Musikferein” - Society of the Friends of Music Building, Vienna, built in 1870. In this building paintings cover structural surfaces – e.g. ceiling, walls, gallery. Painting
22. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Perfect acoustics “ Musikferein” - Society of the Friends of Music Building, Vienna, built in 1870. A unique combination of form, proportions, materials and decorative elements – including relative size and location of each part and element, resulted in excellent acoustics of this concert hall – one of the best in Europe. Decoration Materials Proportions
23. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Another type of structural system - vaults, are exposed here and are part of the design of this interior (inner) space. Two artistic-aesthetical factors here: decoration (painted surfaces of vaults) and the proportions of the vaults and ratio of their height and width to the other parts of this entrance space to the building. “ Musikferein” - Society of the Friends of Music Building, Vienna, built in 1870. Vaults’ decoration
24. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Vaults might be very complex. Physics (statics) of vaults may result in a structure of outstanding architectural/ aesthetical value. Vaults’ structure
25. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Vaults might be very complex. Physics (statics) of vaults may result in a structure of outstanding architectural/ aesthetical value. Vaults’ structure
26. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Vaults might be very complex. Physics (statics) of vaults may result in a structure of outstanding architectural/ aesthetical value. Vaults’ structure
27. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Vaults’ structure Vaults might be very complex. Physics (statics) of vaults may result in a structure of outstanding architectural/ aesthetical value, and of an important impact on the interior spaces of buildings and on the image of the city. San Marco Basilica and Palazzo Ducale, Venice
28. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Basilica Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, Italy Bare vaults and arches without any decoration, might be of a significant architectural value, due to balanced proportions. Vaults and arches
29. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna Bare vaults and arches without any decoration, might be of a significant architectural value, due to balanced proportions. Vaults and arches
30. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Shoenbrunn, Vienna This simple garden structure has no decorative architectural elements – its structure is its architectural aesthetics. Vaults and arches
31. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Venice And yet sometimes it is impossible to divide between the décor and the structure – the décor is the structure itself. The deliberate use of different materials create the color contrast in this building. Vaults and arches
32. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Venice The use of Domes in building construction enables coverage of large areas to achieve impressive heights and bring in the light from above. Due to these features, domes often play an important role in the architectural image of a city, and spaces covered by domes are focal points in the interior of these buildings. Domes
33. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide San Pietro Cathedral, Rome The use of Domes in building construction enables coverage of large areas to achieve impressive heights and bring in the light from above. Due to these features, domes often play an important role in the architectural image of a city, and spaces covered by domes are focal points in the interior of these buildings. Domes
34. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Arches, vaults, domes Arches, vaults and domes are often combined into one whole structure, like in this example, the Galleria Umberto in Naples (Napoli), Italy (initiated 1880-s) – one of the largest and most famous arcades in Italy. Its unique architectural aesthetics is steeped in the industrial use of metal and glass in building construction which spread widely at the end of the 19 th century.
35. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Décor and structure This façade is actually one large sculpture. Most of its sculptural décor does not bear structural function. However, its structural elements were provided a “sculptural finish” as well. Hotel De Ville, Grand Place, Brussels
36. 2.3.2. Case studies Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 2.3: The integration of art, material and structure in built Heritage Slide Structural integrity Structural integrity can be seen not only in the selected elements of the buildings. Structural systems influence the whole image of the building, e.g. early mediaeval vaults required solid thick walls which, in turn, resulted in small windows, while already in the Gothic period the development of the vaults allowed spatial vaults system bearing on columns rather than on walls, which was expressed in both interior and exterior (façades) of the buildings, etc. In this building in Venice, the architecture of the façade explains the load distribution of the whole structure – upper stories are “light” visually, while the lower part looks “heavy” because it has to bear all the weight of the upper stories.