ผลกระทบการเปลี่ยนแปลงภูมิอากาศกับลักษณะเชิงพื้นที่ต่อปรากฎการณ์เกาะความร้อนเมืองในเขตเมืองเชียงใหม่ (Effects of Climate Change and Spatial Characteristics on Urban Heat Island in Chiang Mai Metropolitan Area, Thailand) มานัส ศรีวณิช
The 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes (Link: http://www.conference.tgo.or.th/)
ABSTRACT: Chiang Mai Metropolitan Area (CMMA) is the largest city in northern of Thailand, experiencing rapid urbanization that has resulted in remarkable the urban heat island (UHI) effect which will be sure to influence the regional climate, environment, and socio-economic development. In this study, we review the use of thermal remote sensing in the study of urban climates, focusing primarily on the UHI effect and an integrated remote sensing-based approach to investigate the spatial characteristics of urban thermal environment. The LANDSAT ETM+ images from 2000 and 2006 were utilized to assess the surface urban heat island (SUHI) which will be further analyzed by investigating the relationships with several urban environment and development indices including; the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Density of Building (DenBldg), Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Building Coverage Ratio (BCR) in the urban area of CMMA. Results show that the SUHI effect has become more prominent in areas with rapid urbanization in CMMA. It was found that the average of SUHI (Mean±S.D.) in the center of CMMA was about 20.52±1.05˚C in 2000, but this difference jumped to 28.08±1.50˚C in 2006. This could lead to an intensified the UHI effect in the urban areas. In order to analyze the relationship between surface temperatures with the spatial characteristic indices, the results of the correlation can understand impacts of the configuration and composition of spatial characteristics on local thermal environment which was the basic information for finding the reduction methods of urban temperature and the establishment of environmentally friendly urban planning in the future. Overall, remote sensing technology was an effective approach for monitoring and analyzing urban growth patterns and evaluating their impacts on urban climates.
A Classification Urban Precinct Ventilation Zones using Key Indicators of Spa...Manat Srivanit
Session 6-Urban Planning and Development
2021 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture (Virtual Conference): July 10-12, 2021; Seoul, South Korea
A Classification Urban Precinct Ventilation Zones using Key Indicators of Spa...Manat Srivanit
Session 6-Urban Planning and Development
2021 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture (Virtual Conference): July 10-12, 2021; Seoul, South Korea
A comparison of diurnal variation of pavement albedo between vertical and hor...Manat Srivanit
Albedo is an important indicator of radiation reflectance of pavement surfaces for the building envelope and on the ground level, and their resultant impacts on human comfort and the urban environment in outdoor spaces. Usually, albedo is generally accepted only for horizontal surfaces. This study developed an experimental test set-up for the albedo measurement system with pyranometers and automatic meteorological data acquisition system, which used it to conduct field measurements of albedo on horizontal and vertical surfaces of the used concrete block. The results show that albedo measured on a horizontal surface is not proportional to irradiance on a vertical surface. The albedo value between the two surfaces depend upon time of day, and the horizontal surface also received significantly more incident solar radiation than the vertical surface during all but the central hours of the day, while at reflected solar radiation on vertical irradiances were less than the horizontal. These results can help reduce the uncertainty in understanding and evaluating the thermal behaviour of the building and environmental impacts of pavement surfaces with different albedos in the outdoor urban space.
Assessment of Urban Green Space Structures and Its Effect on Land Surface Tem...Manat Srivanit
Presentation in the 2019 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture on September 21-23, 2019, Seoul National University, South Korea
Integration of Intervisibility and Perception Assessment to Evaluate Spatial ...Manat Srivanit
Bangkok has planned to improve the cityscape of Wongwian Yai area due to existing outdoor advertisements (OAs) which reportedly contribute to visual pollution. This study thus aims to evaluate: (1) which OA attributes contribute to visual pollution, (2) which personal factors affect perception of visual pollution, and (3) to what extent visual pollution occurs in certain areas. The evaluation integrates Intervisibility Analysis which uses Space Syntax technique to predict accessibility and Perception Assessment which encompasses personal factors and OA attributes. Questionnaires are collected at the designated points located every 50 meters for spatial interpolation. Inferential statistical analyses are also conducted. 4 out of 8 OA attributes significantly contribute to visual pollution: (1) material/texture, (2) size/proportion, (3) altitude, and (4) content. Origin and frequency of access are personal factors significantly correlated with perception of visual pollution caused by OAs. Therefore, urban planning measures should be enacted to regulate the OA attributes, according to intervisibility level of certain areas.
Human thermal perception and outdoor thermal comfort under shaded conditions ...Manat Srivanit
The 6th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment [Special Session: Urban Climate & Urban Air Pollution (UCUA)] 28-30 November 2016, Dusit Thani Bangkok Hotel, Thailand
Thermal comfort conditions of urban spaces in a hot-humid climate of Chiangma...Manat Srivanit
Thermal comfort conditions of urban spaces in a hot-humid climate of Chiangmai city, Thailand
Manat Srivanit 1, Sudarat Auttarat 2
1 Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University, Thailand
2 Social Research Institute (SRI), Chiangmai University, Thailand
source: http://www.meteo.fr/icuc9/
Quantifying the Stability of Summer Temperatures for Different Thermal Climat...Manat Srivanit
International Conference on Southeast Asian Weather and Climate 2013 “ASEAN Adapting to Climate Change” (Link: http://www.icsaforum.org/ICSA/index.php) and
Srivanit, M., Hokao, K., Iamtrakul, P. (2014). Classifying Thermal Climate Zones to Support Urban Environmental Planning and Management in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area. Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS), 11(1), pp.73-92. (Link: https://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jars/article/view/23879)
Effects of Climate Change and Spatial Characteristics on Urban Heat Island in Chiang Mai
1. The 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
ผลกระทบการเปลียนแปลงภูมอากาศกับลักษณะเชิงพืนทีต่อปรากฏการณ์
่
ิ
้ ่
เกาะความร้อนเมืองในเขตเมืองเชียงใหม่
Effects of Climate Change and Spatial Characteristics on Urban Heat
Island in Chiang Mai Metropolitan Area, Thailand
นำเสนอโดย
อำจำรย์มำนัส ศรีวณิช
คณะสถำปัตยกรรมศำสตร์และกำรผังเมือง มหำวิทยำลัยธรรมศำสตร์(ศูนย์รงสิต)
ั
E-mail: s.manat@gmail.com
19 – 21 August 2010 IMPACT Exhibition and Convention Center
BANGKOK, THAILAND
2. ปรากฏการณ์ เกาะความร้อนเมือง (Urban Heat Island :UHI)?
“การที่อุณหภูมิที่ชั้นอากาศใกล้ พืนดิน ในเขตชุมชนเมืองสูงกว่ าพืนที่โดยรอบที่เป็ นเขต
้
้
กสิ กรรมและพืนที่ปกคลุมด้ วยป่ าไม้ ประมาณ 2-5 องศาเซลเซียส”
้
Figure 1: A stylized cross-section of a typical urban heat island (from Oke, 1978)
Source: http://www.sc.edu/acmooregarden/UrbanHeatIslands.htm
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
3. กระบวนการเกิดปรากฏการณ์เกาะความร้อนเมือง
Fig. Schematic depiction of radiation and energy fluxes over an urban and a rural area on a clear day.
source: adapted from Oke, T. 1988, The urban energy balance, Progress in Physical Geography.
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
20. ความแตกต่ างของอุณหภูมิอากาศในเขตเมืองเชียงใหม่ กับนอกเขตเมืองในปี พ.ศ. 2552
Air Temperature (Celsius)
Dry Season
Dry Season
Wet Season
Extend detail
Urban Heat
Island Intensity
Urban Heat
Island Intensity
Urban
สถานีท่าแพ ต.ช้ างคลาน อ.เมืองเชี ยงใหม่
Rural
สถานีดอยสะเก็ด ต.เชิ งดอย อ.ดอยสะเก็ด
Date/Time
ที่มา: ข้ อมูลอากาศประเทศไทย http://www.thaiweather.net
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
21. ความแตกต่ างของอุณหภูมอากาศระหว่ างวันช่ วงที่เกิดปรากฎการณ์ เกาะความร้ อน
ิ
45
Air Temperature
(Celsius)
Nighttime
40
Sunrise
Sunset
Sunrise
Daytime
Nighttime
Sunset
Daytime
Nighttime
35
30
Urban
25
20
Rural
Heat Island
Intensity
15
10
5
0
Tu r CLUHI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
I
February25,2009
I
February 26,2009
I
Date/Time (hrs.)
ที่มา: ข้ อมูลอากาศประเทศไทย http://www.thaiweather.net
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
22. Characteristics of Landsat ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus)
Imagery of Chiang Mai, Thailand. February18,2006.
a. Band1 (0.450-0.515µm)
Visible Blue
e. Band5 (1.550-1.750µm)
Middle Infrared
b. Band2 (0.525-0.605µm)
Visible Green
c. Band3 (0.603-0.690µm)
Visible Red
f. Band6 (10.40-12.50µm)
Thermal Infrared
d. Band4 (0.750-0.900µm)
Near Infrared
g. Band7 (2.080-2.350µm)
Middle Infrared
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
23. METHODOLOGY AND PROCESSING OF SATELLITE DATA
Radiometric and
Geometric correction
LANDSAT ETM+
Satellite images
March 5th, 2000 and
February 18th, 2006
Thermal Infrared
Band (10.4–12.5 m)
or Band 6
Conversion of digital
numbers to absolute
radiance value
surface temperature in
Celsius (˚C)
GIS Vector Data
Scale 1:4,000
Building Layers
Survey in 2006
(Source: Department of
Public Works and Town &
Country Planning)
Spectral reflectance
in ETM+ red (band3)
and near-infrared
(band4)
NDVI
RNIR Rred
RNIR Rred
Normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI)
spectral reflectance
of near-infrared
band (band4) and
mid-infrared band
(band5)
NDWI
Spatial Pattern Analysis
(Quadrat Count Methods)
500 x 500 meters
RNIR RMIR
RNIR RMIR
Normalized difference
water index (NDWI)
Calculate floor area
ratio (F.A.R.) and
building coverage ratio
(B.C.R.)
Relationship between urban thermal environment and spatial characteristics
(correlation analysis and scatter diagram)
24. ้ื ่
อุณหภูมิพนทีผิว (Surface Urban Heat Island: SUHI)?
(1)Bird’s-eye
or plan view
(3)Roof-top
(2)Ground-level
(4)Surface UHI (as
viewed by remote
sensor)
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
27. การกระจายตัวของอาคารบ้ านเรื อนในเขตเมืองเชียงใหม่ และพืนทีโดยรอบ
้ ่
2
0
2
Kilo m eter s
Buildin g D ensity
(N umbe r of Build ing pe r Grid)
Less th an 10 0
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 - 500
Mo re th an 50 0
Retriev ed from GIS data, Sourc e: DTC P,T hailand
Grid Size: 500m.x500m.
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
28. สัดส่วนพื้นทีอาคารคลุมดินกับระดับความหนาแน่ นของเมืองในพื้นทีศึกษา
่
่
2
0
2
2
0
2
Kilo m eter s
Bu ilding Cove rag e Ra tio (BC R):
(Pe rcen ta ge)
Kilo m eter s
Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Less th an 10
10 - 1 5
15 - 2 5
25 - 3 0
30 - 3 5
Over tha n 35
S tati sti cs; M a x im u m =4 8 .00 , M e a n =6 .8 9
G ri d S ize : 5 0 0 m .x5 0 0 m .
(a.) สัดส่วนพื ้นที่อาคารคลุมดิน
-
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.5
Retriev ed from GIS data, Sourc e: DTC P,T hailand
Grid Size: 500m.x500m.
(b.) ระดับความหนาแน่นของเมือง
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
32. 1
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
33. 2
โรงเรี ยนปริ นส์ รอย์
ย่ านวัดเกตการาม
รร.รถไฟ
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
34. คลองแม่ ข่า
3
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
64. หมู่บ้าน Ballwin Hills ในนครลอสแองเจลลิส พ.ศ. 2472
ศ. เดชา บุญคา , แนวคิดการเพิ่มพืนที่สีเขียวในภาคธุรกิจเอกชน: 2552
้
้
THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
65.
66. THE 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
67. The 1st Climate Thailand Conference 2010:
National Risks and Opportunities in Global Climate Changes
19 – 21 August 2010 IMPACT Exhibition and Convention Center
จบการนาเสนอ, ขอบคุณทุกท่านครับ.
เสนอโดย
อาจารย์มานัส ศรี วณิ ช
คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร์และการผังเมือง
มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์