This document discusses how feedback and differentiation are connected in supporting student self-directedness. It provides five forms of feedback: judgmental, personal, inferential, data-based, and mediative questioning. Descriptive feedback acknowledges student success, identifies strengths and areas for growth, and asks questions to guide future learning. Mediative questioning uses invitational, engaging, and cognitive language to explore student thinking regarding goals, values, beliefs and assumptions. Effective feedback and differentiation support individual student needs and action plans.

1. Effective FEEDBACK &
DIFFERENTIATION
@SilvanaScarso
How Do They Connect?

2. Student Self-Directedness => Differentiation
LEARNING TARGETS
STANDARDS
FEEDBACK
RUBRIC
STUDENT
Individual Learning
needs / action plan
Individual Learning
needs / action plan
Individual Learning
needs / action plan
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Descriptive
Actionable
EXEMPLARS

3. Five Forms of Feedback
Scene: Two kids fighting,
one hits the other
Judgement
Personal Observation
Your behavior was poor today.
I didn't like the choices you made.
Inference You're going to have trouble making friends.
Data You hit two kids today at recess.
Mediative Questions
How do you think they felt?
What choices might you have when you
are angry?
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4. Descriptive Feedback
Guide Future
Thinking
"Your table and equation show me that you clearly understand
linear functions in written form. "Acknowledge
Success
Identify what is done correctly.
Example Middle School Math
Describe an aspect of quality.
Point out effective use of strategy
or process.
"You have correctly answered both parts of the problem, showing
me that you were able to interpret both the question and the
graph. Your method of creating tables to show your combinations
and prices worked to solve the problem."
Identify a correction.
Describe an aspect of quality
needing work.
Point out a problem with strategy
or process.
Offer a reminder.
Make a specific suggestion.
Ask a question.
"Your next step will be to create a new graph on a piece of graph
paper. Where will you begin on your X and Y axis? What do you
notice about the line of your new graph when you compare it to
your first graph?. "
"Your next step is to find out the cost of buying the shirts if you
could only buy packages to fill your order. What would the
difference in cost be?"

5. Mediative Questions
INVITATIONAL ENGAGE COGNITIVE
OPERATIONS
INTENTIONAL
Approachable voice
Plural forms
Tentative language
Positive presuppositions
Open-ended
"What might be some indicators that
you are successful?"
"What might be your thoughts about…?
What are some of the possibilities..?
Predict; recall; select; describe;
sequence; compare; analyze;
prioritize; summarize; conclude;
generalize; connect; apply; evaluate
"What might be some of the ways you
can connect your learning experience
in this task to ..."
"How might you compare the result of
your work to the learning targets for
this task?"
Explore thinking (goals, values,
beliefs, assumptions, identity)
Specify thinking (perspectives,
possibilities, alternatives, )
"What might be some of the
assumptions your are applying to …?""
"What might be your thoughts about…?
What are some of the possibilities..?

6. Resources
Seven Strategies of Assessment for Learning
Descriptive Feedback
How am I doing? Prerequisites for Effective Feedback
Five Forms of Feedback: Supporting Self-Directed Learners