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Effective Emergency
Planning
Emma Dadson, Harwell Document
Restoration Services
Introduction
 How common are incidents? POLL 1
Heritage at Risk study
Harwell’s experience
• Residual risk
Introduction
 How common are incidents? POLL 1
Heritage at Risk study
Harwell’s experience
• Residual risk
 Why do we need to plan?
Opportunity to limit damage
Primary damage, then secondary damage
Case study – Summer 2007
What are the benefits of
having a plan?
 Faster response
 Prompt
 Resilience
 Robust decision-making
 Circumvent problems in advance
When a plan isn’t enough…
 Heritage at Risk study
61% of organisations have an emergency
plan
 Preservation Advisory Centre Knowing the
Need
62% have a plan that meets standards
 Do all plans work well in practice?
When a plan isn’t enough
 Reasons for poor plan performance
Senior staff have no stake-holding in
content
Lists of information, no direction
• People don’t know what to do
No training / confidence
No scrutiny / refinement of plan
When a plan isn’t enough
 Reasons for poor plan performance
No financial plan
Impractical content
DIY response, regardless of scale
Key content
 What might you need to do?
 Dealing with disgruntled users / customers
 Catering and welfare for salvage staff
 Redeploying staff to help with salvage
 Salvage and removal of wet paper from a sewage flood
 Turning off stop cock
 Evacuation of staff and visitors
 Prioritisation of materials for removal / weeding
 Contacting sensitive depositors / owners / users
 Deciding to close your service for 2 days
 Updating your website to advise users
 Issuing a press release
 Organising security
 Diverting telephone lines
 Dealing with insurers
Key content
 Emergency management team
Roles, responsibilities, actions
 What activities might be required?
Key content
 Emergency management team
Roles, responsibilities, actions
 What activities might be required?
Co-ordination / admin
Salvage of collections
Business continuity
Building
 www.hdrs.co.uk/templateplan
 Training / engagement idea
Key content
 Instructions what to do
How would you respond if discovering an
escape of water?
How should you respond?
What should your plan contain?
 Contact lists
 Priority lists
 Floor plans
 Emergency equipment lists
What should your plan contain?
 Lists of suppliers
 Salvage guidance
 Forms (documentation; risk assessment)
Making your plan successful
 Integrate and dovetail
 User-friendly, but serious
 Scrutinise content – test and train
 Keep it updated
Case study – National
Library of Wales
Thank you
 Any questions?
 If I don’t have an opportunity to
answer your question now, please
email it to
emma.dadson@hdrs.co.uk

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Effective emergency planning

  • 1. Effective Emergency Planning Emma Dadson, Harwell Document Restoration Services
  • 2. Introduction  How common are incidents? POLL 1 Heritage at Risk study Harwell’s experience • Residual risk
  • 3. Introduction  How common are incidents? POLL 1 Heritage at Risk study Harwell’s experience • Residual risk  Why do we need to plan? Opportunity to limit damage Primary damage, then secondary damage
  • 4. Case study – Summer 2007
  • 5. What are the benefits of having a plan?  Faster response  Prompt  Resilience  Robust decision-making  Circumvent problems in advance
  • 6. When a plan isn’t enough…  Heritage at Risk study 61% of organisations have an emergency plan  Preservation Advisory Centre Knowing the Need 62% have a plan that meets standards  Do all plans work well in practice?
  • 7. When a plan isn’t enough  Reasons for poor plan performance Senior staff have no stake-holding in content Lists of information, no direction • People don’t know what to do No training / confidence No scrutiny / refinement of plan
  • 8. When a plan isn’t enough  Reasons for poor plan performance No financial plan Impractical content DIY response, regardless of scale
  • 9. Key content  What might you need to do?  Dealing with disgruntled users / customers  Catering and welfare for salvage staff  Redeploying staff to help with salvage  Salvage and removal of wet paper from a sewage flood  Turning off stop cock  Evacuation of staff and visitors  Prioritisation of materials for removal / weeding  Contacting sensitive depositors / owners / users  Deciding to close your service for 2 days  Updating your website to advise users  Issuing a press release  Organising security  Diverting telephone lines  Dealing with insurers
  • 10. Key content  Emergency management team Roles, responsibilities, actions  What activities might be required?
  • 11. Key content  Emergency management team Roles, responsibilities, actions  What activities might be required? Co-ordination / admin Salvage of collections Business continuity Building  www.hdrs.co.uk/templateplan  Training / engagement idea
  • 12. Key content  Instructions what to do How would you respond if discovering an escape of water? How should you respond?
  • 13. What should your plan contain?  Contact lists  Priority lists  Floor plans  Emergency equipment lists
  • 14. What should your plan contain?  Lists of suppliers  Salvage guidance  Forms (documentation; risk assessment)
  • 15. Making your plan successful  Integrate and dovetail  User-friendly, but serious  Scrutinise content – test and train  Keep it updated
  • 16. Case study – National Library of Wales
  • 17. Thank you  Any questions?  If I don’t have an opportunity to answer your question now, please email it to emma.dadson@hdrs.co.uk

Editor's Notes

  1. Thank you for the invitation to participate in this webinar Shimei. As Shimei has just explained, I work for a company called Harwell which specialises in salvage and recovery work after fire and flood damage to libraries and archives, operating from the UK. My role involves project management of major projects such as the recent fires at the Cuming Museum in London and at the National Library of Wales. We use this practical experience where we see organisations implementing their plans to advise on how to write effective plans. We see which elements of emergency planning are really helpful, and where some organisations find recovery work difficult because their plans are not adequate. So in this morning’s session, I am going to talk about why plans are important and how hard it is to manage fire and flood damage properly without one. I will then talk about the most important material to put into a plan to ensure it will work in practice. This should be helpful to people participating in this webinar without a plan at the moment, and it should help those who already have a plan to see if they need to add anything to improve it.
  2. So before we talk about key plan content, it’s worth establishing that incidents that affect collections are actually quite common. We are going to do a quick poll now to see how many of you have experienced damage to your collection through fire or flood. Shimei. The 2005 Heritage at Risk Study found that approximately 30% of institutions surveyed had suffered a ‘disaster’ in the previous 5 years of which 2/3rds reported water-damage as the cause. It’s also worth pointing out that of the over 600 recovery projects Harwell worked on last year, over 25% came from libraries and archives that suffered sufficient damage that they could not cope with it in house. Obviously prevention if better than cure, and many libraries spend lots of time and energy minimising risks to their collections, but there will always be residual risks that cannot be completely controlled, such as extreme weather, water main bursts, issues caused by neighbours and incidents like terrorism and arson.
  3. So, given there is a risk of an incident, what difference will a plan make to the response? Well, planning will ensure that you are as well –organised as possible to respond to a leak, a fire, a burst pipe or whatever happens. You should be able to limit damage in two key areas. Firstly, you should be able to limit the number of items affected, and the extent to which those items are damaged, particularly in the case of water-damage. If heavy rainfall causes a flash flood it is crucial to isolate electricity, to cover polythene, to wear appropriate personal protective equipment and conduct a risk assessment, hire in dehumidifiers amongst many other things. A plan will firstly help you to do all those things. A plan should show you where the stop valves are, instruct you how to isolate the electricity. It should ensure that you have equipment like polythene onsite in a disaster kit, as well as personal protective equipment like gloves. It should also remind you to conduct a risk assessment and provide you with a form to do this. It will help you by reminding you to get a dehumidifier at any early stage because local demand for them will be high and stockists may quickly run out. Without a plan, you may forget to turn the electricity off and expose yourself to great risks of electrocution. You may not remember where the stop valves are for the water. You may have to go out and buy polythene. You may not know where to get a dehumidifier and by the time you do find someone, they will have run out. So a plan will help you be more organised and respond more quickly and therefore prevent damage. A crucial issue with water-damage is that after about 3 days, the water-damage gets worse with the onset of mould growth, page adhesions, increased distortion of bindings etc. A plan will help you by telling you how to treat different formats which otherwise you would have to research. It will give you contact numbers of people who will be available to come and help and increase throughput. It will give you locations where you can spread material out to dry it faster. Essentially, planning puts you on the front foot and minimises the damage.
  4. This is a case study of a incident we were involved with as a sub-contractor in 2007. This was a law firm which suffered a flood when their town flooded. They had no plan. For four days they couldn’t gain access to the building as the flood waters were too deep. During that four day period they could have been organising the response but instead did nothing, as they assumed being insured meant that the problems would be sorted out. However, they didn’t have any offsite copies of their insurance documents, so didn’t lodge a claim until four days after the flood. Other firms didn’t delay and so were essentially much higher up the insurance company’s systems and got all the resources they needed much quicker. This firm had to wait….wait for pumps, wait for a loss adjuster, wait for a building contractor, wait for sub-contractors and then wait for the insurers to decide what they’d pay for . By the time we were authorised to recover the materials, it was four weeks later and the condition of the documents is clear from the picture on the right. Clearly you wouldn’t want to happen to your collections – and planning helps to ensure this. Had the law-firm been able to pump the basement out quickly and get the records frozen to stop them from going mouldy, this level of damage would have been prevented. So a plan hopefully should help an already bad situation from getting worse by facilitating you to get things under control.
  5. So a plan should enable you to respond more quickly. You will know people’s phone numbers, you will know where to find equipment – all the elements of your plan will speed things up. A plan will provide you with a prompt on what needs to be done. Often people are confused or flustered in emergency situations and a plan should clearly set out what needs to be done. Through planning, you will be able to cope with emergencies when key members of staff are on holiday or unavailable. Decision making is often better – without plans, people often dither about the best thing to do, or act rashly and take action in good faith that is often dangerous and causes more damage. One key aspect of planning is to highlight in advance things that would cause problems in real salvage operations and make sure that solutions to these problems are identified. Things that often cause problems are to do with access, parking, lack of suitable decant space – these can be resolved much more effectively by thinking about them in advance, rather than trying to troubleshoot them on the day. To sum up, a plan should help maximise the opportunities for salvage
  6. However, most libraries and archives have a plan - you can see this from the statistics on the slide - so theoretically this should mean that they will be able to manage incidents effectively. However, many plans when put into practice don’t’ work well. What are the reasons for this?
  7. Harwell sees lots of plans in action and when they don’t work there are often clear reasons why not. One common issue is a lack of senior management buy-in to the plan, and that they don’t understand the plan’s remit or have any confidence in its content and so don’t use it on the day. Their buy-in is absolutely essential. It may take longer to write a plan and get them on board, but a plan probably won’t work without them. It is worth spending time convincing them of the need for a plan and getting them to write sections, or review it so that they have a stake holding in it. Another common reason for plans working badly is that they don’t tell you what to do. They contain lists of suppliers, priorities, telephone numbers but don’t tell you what you personally need to do to respond to a flood. Plans that have excellent content but where no staff have been trained in how to use the plan never work as well as they should – people should have confidence in the plan. Similarly that process of training will provide the opportunity to scrutinise the content and improve it.
  8. Increasingly decision-making it is a major issue, particularly when it comes to engaging contractors. I had one client who said they needed help after a flash flood. They asked us to confirm the costs for recovery, which were approximately £200, and because they individually didn’t hold budget, they had to go and get permission – that process took 5 days, during which time the wet volumes went mouldy. In an emergency situation, it makes more sense to spend money to get the situation under control, than to hesitate and then end up with a much bigger problem in 5 days. Plans may look good on paper, but be unworkable in practice. I have had clients who had written in the museum restaurant as a decant space. When they had a real incident, they were told by the museum’s director that was not possible, because it would lose the museum money and they would be in breach of contract with their caterer. Another client in a historic property had a grab list for the fire brigade but the top 5 items needed specialist lifting equipment because they were so heavy….so their grab list was unworkable. And finally, plans may fail because their response is one-dimensional – a plan may have to be implemented for a situation involving 10 damaged items or 10,000 damaged items. Where air-drying and dealing with the problem in house may be fine in a small situation, freezing and using external contractors would be advisable in a bigger incident.
  9. So what are the key elements to make a good emergency plan. The place I like to start is by making sure that there is a clear management structure in place, with clearly defined responsibilities and actions. It’s also important to involved the right people. In the 2005 Heritage at Risk study, the definition of a disaster was given as an incident which damages or harms an institution’s people, collections, facilities or services. A fire or major flood would present issues for people, collections that might be wetted, damage to the building fabric and interruption to service. Just looking at some of those actions on the list on the slide that might need to be implemented in an emergency shows that you need to have someone dealing with collections salvage but you also need someone to communicate with users and update social media and your website, someone responsible for security health and safety and the building, and someone to authorise emergency expenditure and so on
  10. So you need to sit down and work out how you would manage the complex and long list of activities necessary to manage a major incident and identify the roles, what the responsibilities are and what actions may need to be taken.
  11. Rather than go through them now, I have given a link there to a template plan we have written that can be downloaded from our website which gives a suggested management structure and key activities. Obviously this list of activities wouldn’t necessarily be finite, but it gives a strong basis to recovery. It’s also worth mentioning that this exercise of thinking what might need to be done in an emergency does help to engage senior managers who don’t’ think emergency planning applies to them. When a group sits down and thinks through the implications of an incident on the building and service provision, as well as collections, senior managers find it much harder to deny they need to be involved in emergency planning.
  12. The next thing to include are instructions on what to do in the event of an incident to ensure that the response is organised, safe and sensible. If you imagine walking into a room and seeing water pouring in through the ceiling, it might seem sensible to start moving wet books or boxes out of the path of the water. The problem is that in the 15 minutes it takes you to do that, there have been 15 more minutes of leaking water, and now another 100 items may have got wet that 15 minutes ago were dry. Actually there are many more urgent things to be done – isolating electricity to reduce fire risk and for safety, raising the alarm, protecting collections that are close to the leak but not yet damaged amongst many other things. The priorities are to raise the alarm, think of both staff and users and make sure they don’t enter the area, isolate the electricity and source of the leak. You need to risk assess the salvage operation first, and then start protecting shelves if water is continuing to seep, and remove surface water. Only then do you start to think of dealing with the damage, because now you have controlled the incident and stopped it from escalating.
  13. Other key pieces of information are fairly obvious. Contact lists so you can call staff in to help – although do make sure you ask them first. Priority lists so you have some thoughts about what your most important collections are – these can be contentious and in a longer session I could talk longer about criteria for prioritising collections. Floor plans showing where collections are, fire extinguishers, stop valves. In a recent fire, the floor plans provided by the fire brigade enabled them to locate within 3 minutes 10 carbon dioxide fire extinguishers which they used to control an electrical fire until the mains electricity was turned off. This meant that they only needed to use a very small amount of water to put the fire out, which saved the collections from extensive water damage. List of emergency equipment – again, what to include in kits is a separate webinar in itself, but the key things I see being used in emergencies are copious amounts of polythene, gloves and blotting paper. You can buy many items on the day, but it is very worthwhile having in-house supplies of polythene as it helps to prevent damage.
  14. You should also have lists of people who might come and help you with emergency response – disaster recovery firms, crate hire, freezer storage, emergency lighting, electricians, plumbers etc. and a statement about who can authorise calling these contractors in. You should also include obviously the contact number for your insurer. It’s helpful too to have salvage guidance notes on different types of object and blank forms to help you with creating lists, risk assessments and so on. Examples of all these are available in the template I mentioned earlier
  15. In addition to the content, it’s worthwhile reiterating the key components to make sure that something that is good on paper, actually work in practice. Do spend the time integrating with your wider organisation – the plan needs to be holistic and dovetail with the expectation of your parent body, whether that’s a university, local authority, trustees or whoever. If your plan is going to be used and adopted in an incident, they need to know about it in advance and have endorsed its content. Make sure that it is user-friendly. Fire and flood situations are stressful and people wont’ read long sentences. Use diagrams, tables, flow charts, different colours to make the instructions stand out. Having said that, don’t make it so colourful that it doesn’t look like a serious document, as it won’t be taken seriously. Do make sure you test and train as I have mentioned previously and make sure it’s updated and reviewed regularly.
  16. So to tie all of that up, I thought I would talk a little about a recent recovery project I worked on at the National Library of Wales and highlight some of the key aspects of their plan which made emergency response more effective. Unfortunately hot works on the roof went awry and caused a fire at 2.30 on a Friday afternoon. Firstly all staff and readers were safely evacuated. The plan was immediately put into action when the fire was confirmed. The senior management team took on roles and responsibilities separately for communications, the building, liaising with the trustees and collections salvage. The leadership was calm and authoritative throughout as they knew what they were doing, which helped the salvage team not to panic either. Updates to the website, twitter and facebook were made quickly as media interest in what was happening was already starting. By having personal protective equipment kits available, staff were permitted in whilst the roof was still alight to protect areas at risk from extinguishant water. When they ran out of polythene after the shops locally had shut, they were able to call the local building merchant on his mobile and he opened up to get more to them. This meant water-damage was limited. They were able to provide emergency lighting powered by a generator borrowed from the local council across 6 floors from 6am the next day to facilitate salvage. They contact Harwell early that afternoon as they realised quickly that any damage would be greater than their in-house capability – that gave them access to crates and freezers and vehicles. When I arrived, everyone was having a break and eating pizza which had been provided to them so they had a hot meal. This was a potentially very serious situation which the staff involved managed very well. A lot of it was down to the capability and competency of the individuals involved, but equally their plan facilitated a very smooth salvage operation.