This study analyzed the effect of airport expansion on business opportunities in Kisumu, Kenya. The airport expansion started in 2008 and involved expanding the runway and upgrading terminal facilities. The study found that the expansion led to increased tourist visits, increased sales for wholesale and retail businesses, and more financial institutions in the region. However, the airport has not been fully utilized to create maximum business opportunities. While many businesses anticipated growth from more airport passengers, most were established before 2007 rather than because of the expansion. The expansion promoted some tourism, retail, and financial sector growth but did not significantly motivate the fishing industry due to lack of cargo facilities. In summary, the airport upgrade created some new opportunities but has not been fully leveraged to maximize economic
An Assessment of the Business and Activity Levels As Regards Cargo Inflows an...iosrjce
The research looked into operations and performance of Eldoret International Airport as a public
utility. Based on the study, this paper seeks to evaluate performance by establishing whether cargo tonnage of
industrial and commercial nature have been increasing or decreasing ever since the inception of the Airport.
The research adopted a case study design with the population of interest being centred within the Airport.
However efforts were made to seek information from relevant Ministry officials and stakeholders in Eldoret
town. The data needed was obtained through face-to-face interviews with various Airport officials. A
questionnaire was also prepared and used to gauge the peoples' attitudes and general feelings on the presence
and eventual use of the facility in the region. Tables, graphs and charts were used in the analysis of the data.
The data analysis revealed that since the beginning of operations aircrafts have been increasing in the Airport.
However, both cargo and passengers in terms of tonnage and numbers have been respectively decreasing. The
reducing trend was noticed from 2003 when the government surprisingly slapped a ban on cargo and other
flights from using the Airport. Two types of recommendations are given. It is instructive to learn that people
around Eldoret do not have an affinity for aircraft flights. This is unlike those around Kisumu who have a
higher preference for flights. As such, the entrepreneurial spirit of the people around the catchment area of the
Airport is still low.
The document discusses trends in India's travel and tourism industry from 2012-2023. Some key points:
- The travel & tourism industry is forecast to grow from $119 billion in 2012 to $270.5 billion by 2023. Business travel is estimated to increase from $25.9 billion to $58.6 billion over this period, while leisure travel is projected to rise from $67.5 billion to $152 billion.
- Passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to increase from 160 million currently to 450 million by 2020, making India the third largest aviation market. Freight traffic is also projected to rise significantly.
- India's middle class population is projected to grow from 160 million
The transportation sector in India accounts for 6.4% of GDP and includes various modes of transport such as roads, railways, ports and airports. Road transportation makes up the largest share at 5.4% of GDP. Key facts about transportation infrastructure in India include over 4 million kilometers of roads, over 63,000 kilometers of railways, 13 major and 187 minor ports, and over 100 airports. The movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another is an important part of India's economy and has expanded rapidly since the 1990s.
The draft Civil Aviation Policy aims to promote the efficient and orderly growth of air transport in India to contribute to social and economic development. The key objectives are to establish a competitive regulatory framework, encourage private investment, and upgrade airport infrastructure, especially at major airports. The policy also seeks to develop specific cargo infrastructure, modernize air navigation services, promote aviation support industries, and establish an aviation university to train pilots, maintenance staff, and others. An overarching goal is to ensure a safe, reliable, and affordable air transport system for passengers and cargo.
China aviation industry opportunity analysisRajesh Sarma
“China Aviation Industry Opportunity Analysis” research report discusses following aspect related to aviation industry in China:
Aviation Industry Overview
Civil, Commercial & Defence Aviation Overview
Ongoing Aircraft Developments in Aviation Industry
Civil & Commercial Aviation Fleet Strength
Industry Emerging Trends
China Civil Aviation Law
Opportunities & Issues to be Resolved
Key Airline & Aircraft Manufacturers
InvestHK is the Hong Kong government department responsible for attracting foreign direct investment. It provides free and confidential services to help overseas, mainland Chinese, and Taiwanese companies set up and expand their businesses in Hong Kong. These services include providing market information and opportunities, facilitating business registration and visa applications, and helping companies launch and promote their Hong Kong operations. InvestHK aims to strengthen Hong Kong's position as a leading international business location in Asia.
An Assessment of the Business and Activity Levels As Regards Cargo Inflows an...iosrjce
The research looked into operations and performance of Eldoret International Airport as a public
utility. Based on the study, this paper seeks to evaluate performance by establishing whether cargo tonnage of
industrial and commercial nature have been increasing or decreasing ever since the inception of the Airport.
The research adopted a case study design with the population of interest being centred within the Airport.
However efforts were made to seek information from relevant Ministry officials and stakeholders in Eldoret
town. The data needed was obtained through face-to-face interviews with various Airport officials. A
questionnaire was also prepared and used to gauge the peoples' attitudes and general feelings on the presence
and eventual use of the facility in the region. Tables, graphs and charts were used in the analysis of the data.
The data analysis revealed that since the beginning of operations aircrafts have been increasing in the Airport.
However, both cargo and passengers in terms of tonnage and numbers have been respectively decreasing. The
reducing trend was noticed from 2003 when the government surprisingly slapped a ban on cargo and other
flights from using the Airport. Two types of recommendations are given. It is instructive to learn that people
around Eldoret do not have an affinity for aircraft flights. This is unlike those around Kisumu who have a
higher preference for flights. As such, the entrepreneurial spirit of the people around the catchment area of the
Airport is still low.
The document discusses trends in India's travel and tourism industry from 2012-2023. Some key points:
- The travel & tourism industry is forecast to grow from $119 billion in 2012 to $270.5 billion by 2023. Business travel is estimated to increase from $25.9 billion to $58.6 billion over this period, while leisure travel is projected to rise from $67.5 billion to $152 billion.
- Passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to increase from 160 million currently to 450 million by 2020, making India the third largest aviation market. Freight traffic is also projected to rise significantly.
- India's middle class population is projected to grow from 160 million
The transportation sector in India accounts for 6.4% of GDP and includes various modes of transport such as roads, railways, ports and airports. Road transportation makes up the largest share at 5.4% of GDP. Key facts about transportation infrastructure in India include over 4 million kilometers of roads, over 63,000 kilometers of railways, 13 major and 187 minor ports, and over 100 airports. The movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another is an important part of India's economy and has expanded rapidly since the 1990s.
The draft Civil Aviation Policy aims to promote the efficient and orderly growth of air transport in India to contribute to social and economic development. The key objectives are to establish a competitive regulatory framework, encourage private investment, and upgrade airport infrastructure, especially at major airports. The policy also seeks to develop specific cargo infrastructure, modernize air navigation services, promote aviation support industries, and establish an aviation university to train pilots, maintenance staff, and others. An overarching goal is to ensure a safe, reliable, and affordable air transport system for passengers and cargo.
China aviation industry opportunity analysisRajesh Sarma
“China Aviation Industry Opportunity Analysis” research report discusses following aspect related to aviation industry in China:
Aviation Industry Overview
Civil, Commercial & Defence Aviation Overview
Ongoing Aircraft Developments in Aviation Industry
Civil & Commercial Aviation Fleet Strength
Industry Emerging Trends
China Civil Aviation Law
Opportunities & Issues to be Resolved
Key Airline & Aircraft Manufacturers
InvestHK is the Hong Kong government department responsible for attracting foreign direct investment. It provides free and confidential services to help overseas, mainland Chinese, and Taiwanese companies set up and expand their businesses in Hong Kong. These services include providing market information and opportunities, facilitating business registration and visa applications, and helping companies launch and promote their Hong Kong operations. InvestHK aims to strengthen Hong Kong's position as a leading international business location in Asia.
TownConnection is a dynamic, new community website that gives local businesses a presence right where it counts -- in front of their customers.
In this “virtual town square,” towns can create a buzz in downtown districts by promoting businesses and events -- FREE!
Edmodo training 7 - mobile apps and ideas for edmodo usetwcheong
Edmodo offers a mobile-optimized website and apps for Android and iOS devices. From the mobile website and apps, users can read and reply to posts, post notes to groups, view notifications, and join groups. The document then provides several ideas for using Edmodo with teachers and students, such as sharing resources, discussions, communication, and formative assessments.
Sustainability is about preserving natural resources for future generations. It involves carefully using resources, considering material usage, production methods, and disposal. Sustainability can be achieved through recycling materials, using renewable and biodegradable materials, reducing pollution in production, utilizing clean and renewable energy sources like solar and wind, reducing waste, and properly disposing of materials through recycling.
1. Select "Create" in the left panel and provide a name, grade, and subject for the new group.
2. A 6-digit code will be displayed to invite students to join.
3. Within the new group, select "Manage" and then "Create Small Group" to make a small discussion group and add members.
Connect with us!
http://www.virtualassistant.org/
http://www.facebook.com/virtualassistantinc
http://virtualassistantinc.wordpress.com/
http://virtual-assistant-org.blogspot.com/
http://twitter.com/VAsocial
virtual assistant, virtual assistants, small business services, virtual business services, one stop business service, business assistant, virtual assistant, administrative services, business support, support system, back office infrastructure, services, google, google groups
(ReflectionHighlights the need for further research, based onVannaJoy20
(
Reflection
Highlights the need for further research, based on the economic impacts of renewable energy developments on the Welsh tourism industry
(particularly industry based research)
This
Report
contributes to raising awareness regarding
the economic impacts that onshore wind energy has on the tourism sector in Wales
.
Further research into economically focused case studies is on going
Further Development of Supporting Theory is ongoing
Porter’s Diamond was taken out of V2 due to a difficulty in linking to the other models and relevance to the objectives.
) (
Contribution
Will show a clear understanding of the size, growth, trends and success factors of the tourism industry in the 7 Strategic Search Areas
by using market analysis to determine
the size and future trends of the sector, using desk research from industry and government data and also using survey to capture survey from local stakeholders
.
To determine the economic impact of proposed developments on the tourism industry; by using number of analytical tools to look at the benefits and
dis
-benefits
, such as a PEST analysis focusing on economic trends to measure potential economic impacts. Also using a Cost Benefit Analysis to see whether the potential benefits outweigh the potential
dis
benefits (particularly at an economic level)
T
o determine how Wind Farm developments could enable tourist activity in Wales
, by using an input-output analysis to measure the relationship between wind farm development and the tourism industry and also by looking at the economic effects of this relationship in terms of multipliers.
Shall provide complimentary support to the achievement of the key project aims, including; potential for positive economic impact in the Welsh tourism sector
) (
Supporting Theory
Objective Based:
Stakeholder Mapping
Mendelow
(1991)
–
to identify key stakeholders and to identify interests of stakeholders in relation to economic impacts of tourism in Wales.
Also identifies possible conflict of interests and can be used to look deeply at the relationships between these stakeholders.
Market Analysis
Kress et al (1994)
–
mainly used to assess the size, growth and future trends of the tourism sector. Size will focus on volumes (turnover, visitors, GVA). Trends focuses on potential changes in sector (opportunities + threats
)(
could change market size). Also uses desk research for industry figures (Govt, trade etc) as well as attitude surveys.
PEST Analysis
Used
to look at the political, economic, socio cultural, technological changes in the business environment
.
Helps to identify potential opportunities and threats (particular focus on economical side).
Cost Benefit Analysis
Depuit
(1844)
– used to measure the positive and negative consequences of a project
over a period of time
, while including s
ocial and environmental impacts.
Used to see if it is economically beneficial to the regions in terms of tourist activity.
Can be a quantifiab ...
Explore how the aviation industry significantly contributes to economic growth through job creation and innovation. Learn about its profound impact on various sectors and its role in driving global commerce. Gain insights into the dynamic relationship between aviation and the broader economy.
Nagging Dilemmas in Airport Expansion (and how to deal with them)Darwin Jayson Mariano
The document discusses key challenges facing airport operators regarding airport expansions. It notes that Asia Pacific is projected to overtake North America as the top region for air traffic by 2030 due to rapid urbanization and economic growth in developing countries. However, airport expansions require careful planning to address issues such as return on investment versus cost of capital, aligning infrastructure with airline fleet and passenger growth plans, implementing strong security measures while maintaining passenger experience, and balancing economic benefits with environmental concerns. The document promotes attending the Airfield Engineering and Asset Maintenance 2013 conference to learn best practices for ensuring operational efficiency and safety in airfield expansions and maintenance.
Future of travel An initial perspective Richard Hammond Founder and Chief Ex...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of travel by Richard Hammond Founder and Chief Executive Greentraveller. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Airports Of The Future Essentials For A Renewed Business ModelGina Rizzo
The document discusses how airports and airlines have traditionally viewed each other, but that a renewed business model is needed. Airports have historically seen themselves as providers of infrastructure to airlines, their primary customers, but now must see passengers as another key customer segment. As airports expand non-aeronautical revenues like retail, potential conflicts can arise with airlines over priorities. The renewed model maintains airports' core functions but views quality of service as an interactive process involving all stakeholders in service provision.
32 JanuaryFebruary 2014 Civil EngineeringAfrica’s fi rst .docxBHANU281672
32 January/February 2014 Civil Engineering
Africa’s fi rst aerotropolis in Ekurhuleni
WHAT IS AN AEROTROPOLIS?
Air travel is ubiquitous in modern life, not only for passenger
travel, but to satisfy our growing need for the just-in-time provi-
sion of goods and services. Th e consequences of this is a dra-
matic increase in the number and scale of airports, their growth
as sources of employment and increase in the consumer base,
together with the growth of the airport as a destination.
In modern cities, airports have therefore become major
drivers of urban form, economic activity and city competitive-
ness. Th e aerotropolis aims to take advantage of these changes
and optimise the positive eff ects the airport can have on the
economy and on communities.
Essentially, the aerotropolis is an economic development
strategy designed to increase competitiveness in global markets,
leveraging the access that air travel and air freight provide to
global clients.
Critically, an aerotropolis does not involve simply building
additional retail stores in an airport terminal or more light-
industry parks on the land surrounding an airport. It is about
taking advantage of all the economic opportunities an airport
off ers, refl ected at times by new physical infrastructure, but also
by alternative retail, entertainment, employment and commercial
land uses – and these can stretch out in a radius of 30 km or
more from the airport itself.
THE AEROTROPOLIS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
With aviation only starting to boom, and routes, passenger num-
bers and business investment still comparatively low in many
emerging countries, is it too early to consider the aerotropolis
approach for growing economies?
Airports traditionally develop in a piece-meal fashion. Many of
the world’s current major airports started as small landing strips
Danie Wium
Aurecon Government Industry Leader
[email protected]
Matt Coetzee
Aurecon Urbanisation Competency Leader
[email protected]
– will it foster economic growth?– will it foster economic growth?
In September 2013 it was announced that an
Aurecon-led consortium had won the contract to
develop the Ekurhuleni OR Tambo Aerotropolis in
Gauteng. The aerotropolis concept is now mainstream
in aviation planning, and there is little doubt that it
has brought substantial economic and social benefi ts
to airport owners, as well as local businesses and
communities. However, this experience has largely
been gained in the airports of Europe and North
America. The Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis offers a unique
opportunity to apply the lessons learnt at these other
airports to develop a truly African solution.
Central terminal at the OR Tambo International Airport in Gauteng
Civil Engineering January/February 2014 33
in the 1920s and have grown incrementally over time, although
not always in a perfectly logical manner. Th ere is extensive evi-
dence to show that a large port.
32 JanuaryFebruary 2014 Civil EngineeringAfrica’s fi rst .docxlorainedeserre
32 January/February 2014 Civil Engineering
Africa’s fi rst aerotropolis in Ekurhuleni
WHAT IS AN AEROTROPOLIS?
Air travel is ubiquitous in modern life, not only for passenger
travel, but to satisfy our growing need for the just-in-time provi-
sion of goods and services. Th e consequences of this is a dra-
matic increase in the number and scale of airports, their growth
as sources of employment and increase in the consumer base,
together with the growth of the airport as a destination.
In modern cities, airports have therefore become major
drivers of urban form, economic activity and city competitive-
ness. Th e aerotropolis aims to take advantage of these changes
and optimise the positive eff ects the airport can have on the
economy and on communities.
Essentially, the aerotropolis is an economic development
strategy designed to increase competitiveness in global markets,
leveraging the access that air travel and air freight provide to
global clients.
Critically, an aerotropolis does not involve simply building
additional retail stores in an airport terminal or more light-
industry parks on the land surrounding an airport. It is about
taking advantage of all the economic opportunities an airport
off ers, refl ected at times by new physical infrastructure, but also
by alternative retail, entertainment, employment and commercial
land uses – and these can stretch out in a radius of 30 km or
more from the airport itself.
THE AEROTROPOLIS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
With aviation only starting to boom, and routes, passenger num-
bers and business investment still comparatively low in many
emerging countries, is it too early to consider the aerotropolis
approach for growing economies?
Airports traditionally develop in a piece-meal fashion. Many of
the world’s current major airports started as small landing strips
Danie Wium
Aurecon Government Industry Leader
[email protected]
Matt Coetzee
Aurecon Urbanisation Competency Leader
[email protected]
– will it foster economic growth?– will it foster economic growth?
In September 2013 it was announced that an
Aurecon-led consortium had won the contract to
develop the Ekurhuleni OR Tambo Aerotropolis in
Gauteng. The aerotropolis concept is now mainstream
in aviation planning, and there is little doubt that it
has brought substantial economic and social benefi ts
to airport owners, as well as local businesses and
communities. However, this experience has largely
been gained in the airports of Europe and North
America. The Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis offers a unique
opportunity to apply the lessons learnt at these other
airports to develop a truly African solution.
Central terminal at the OR Tambo International Airport in Gauteng
Civil Engineering January/February 2014 33
in the 1920s and have grown incrementally over time, although
not always in a perfectly logical manner. Th ere is extensive evi-
dence to show that a large port ...
Civil Aviation industry in India is growing at an accelerating rate and the country is getting the benefits of its improved connectivity. India has become the world’s third largest domestic aviation market in term of the number of tickets sold. The Civil Aviation Industry has come in new era of expansion, driven by factor such as low cost carriers, modern airports, Foreign Direct Investment in domestic airlines, and growing emphasis on regional connectivity.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for the administration of the aviation industry in India. It plays a significant role in formulation of national policies and programmes for development and regulation of aviation industry. The following are the principal regulatory authorities functioning under the authority of the Ministry of Civil Aviation:-
• Directorate General of Civil Aviation
• Airport Authority of India
• Airport Economic Regulatory Authority
The study is on the effect of Net capital inflow on inclusive growth in Nigeria. This study seeks to deepen the understanding on how capital inflow creates opportunity for inclusive growth in Nigeria through increase in GDP per capita. The objective of the study were to : determine the effect of Net capital inflow , Net foreign direct investment and trade openness on inclusive growth in Nigeria. The study employed the time series data in its analysis. The period of analysis spanned through 1980-2015 and the dataset required for the analysis were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and National bureau of statistics publications. The study conducted trend analysis, descriptive analysis. The data were also tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analytical techniques, cointegration test and error correction mechanism. It was evident from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated while the cointegration test reveals that long run relationship exists among the variables. The findings equally reveal that capital inflow exerts significant negative influence on GDP per capita. This could be attributed to the problem of managing external capital flows which has been sub-optimal in most developing economies including Nigeria. The implication of this finding is that the perceived benefits that are associated with capital inflows tend not to hold sway in Nigeria over the sampled period which may be attributed to institutional and governance failure. Owing to the findings, this study recommends for the adoption of investment friendly policies and ensure transparency and good governance, appropriate economic management practices capable of supporting reforms in the Nigerian financial system and guide international capital inflows to ensure that the associated economic turnarounds are people-centered.
There are growing fears that Zimbabwe is missing out on the potential benefits that may be derived from a more defined participation of the aviation sector in improving accessibility of tourist destinations in the country. This research sought to establish the challenges being faced by the aviation sector in improving the accessibility of tourist destinations in Zimbabwe. The research utilised a qualitative research approach.| Publisher:
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
Catatan tentang aerotropolis sebagai salah satu bentuk pengembangan kota, dal...Fitri Indra Wardhono
1. An aerotropolis is an urban area centered around an airport whose infrastructure, layout, and economy are focused on and derived from airport operations. It consists of an airport city core and surrounding aviation-linked businesses and residential developments connected by transportation corridors.
2. Key factors that facilitate airport-centric development include long-haul air travel connecting global economies, just-in-time supply chains, tourism, consumer demand for rapid delivery, and air cargo accounting for a large portion of international trade. Industries locate near well-connected airports to gain competitive advantages through fast global supply chain connectivity.
3. Activities within an aerotropolis include airport operations, aviation maintenance, logistics hubs, cargo facilities, office
The document discusses how demographic trends in GCC countries will impact travel in the region over the next 15 years. A growing population, including a large youth population, will result in many more travelers. Distinct traveler profiles are emerging, including independent travelers and middle-income travelers, in addition to existing segments like business travelers and families. This will fragment the market and create more diverse travel needs and aspirations. Increased spending power among GCC travelers will lead to a fourfold increase in outbound travel spending from the region by 2030.
Destination marketing organizations and economic development organizations discover evidence that alignment and collaboration ultimately achieves the shared goal local economic progress that reaches industries far beyond immediate travel service providers and suppliers.
Research presentation by Adam Sacks, President, Tourism Economics and implications by Andy Levine, President and Chief Creative Officer, Development Counsellors International.
The document discusses factors that influence customer retention towards room services by analyzing the case of Swiss Inn Sungai Petani hotel in Malaysia. It describes the various departments and facilities at Swiss Inn Sungai Petani, including 101 rooms, 21 suite rooms, a health spa with sauna, tennis courts, a gym, and 12 function rooms. The quality of services delivered and ability to meet customer expectations are identified as critical for customer satisfaction and retention in the hotel services industry.
The document provides an overview of the long-term market outlook for commercial airplanes from 2017-2036. It discusses three key drivers of airplane demand: 1) strong growth in demand for air travel driven by economic and income growth, particularly in emerging markets, 2) ongoing regulatory liberalization and infrastructure investment, and 3) commitments by the aviation industry to reduce its environmental impact through new fuel efficiency and emissions standards. The aviation industry has made progress decoupling traffic growth from emissions growth and has set ambitious goals for further reducing emissions by 2050.
TownConnection is a dynamic, new community website that gives local businesses a presence right where it counts -- in front of their customers.
In this “virtual town square,” towns can create a buzz in downtown districts by promoting businesses and events -- FREE!
Edmodo training 7 - mobile apps and ideas for edmodo usetwcheong
Edmodo offers a mobile-optimized website and apps for Android and iOS devices. From the mobile website and apps, users can read and reply to posts, post notes to groups, view notifications, and join groups. The document then provides several ideas for using Edmodo with teachers and students, such as sharing resources, discussions, communication, and formative assessments.
Sustainability is about preserving natural resources for future generations. It involves carefully using resources, considering material usage, production methods, and disposal. Sustainability can be achieved through recycling materials, using renewable and biodegradable materials, reducing pollution in production, utilizing clean and renewable energy sources like solar and wind, reducing waste, and properly disposing of materials through recycling.
1. Select "Create" in the left panel and provide a name, grade, and subject for the new group.
2. A 6-digit code will be displayed to invite students to join.
3. Within the new group, select "Manage" and then "Create Small Group" to make a small discussion group and add members.
Connect with us!
http://www.virtualassistant.org/
http://www.facebook.com/virtualassistantinc
http://virtualassistantinc.wordpress.com/
http://virtual-assistant-org.blogspot.com/
http://twitter.com/VAsocial
virtual assistant, virtual assistants, small business services, virtual business services, one stop business service, business assistant, virtual assistant, administrative services, business support, support system, back office infrastructure, services, google, google groups
(ReflectionHighlights the need for further research, based onVannaJoy20
(
Reflection
Highlights the need for further research, based on the economic impacts of renewable energy developments on the Welsh tourism industry
(particularly industry based research)
This
Report
contributes to raising awareness regarding
the economic impacts that onshore wind energy has on the tourism sector in Wales
.
Further research into economically focused case studies is on going
Further Development of Supporting Theory is ongoing
Porter’s Diamond was taken out of V2 due to a difficulty in linking to the other models and relevance to the objectives.
) (
Contribution
Will show a clear understanding of the size, growth, trends and success factors of the tourism industry in the 7 Strategic Search Areas
by using market analysis to determine
the size and future trends of the sector, using desk research from industry and government data and also using survey to capture survey from local stakeholders
.
To determine the economic impact of proposed developments on the tourism industry; by using number of analytical tools to look at the benefits and
dis
-benefits
, such as a PEST analysis focusing on economic trends to measure potential economic impacts. Also using a Cost Benefit Analysis to see whether the potential benefits outweigh the potential
dis
benefits (particularly at an economic level)
T
o determine how Wind Farm developments could enable tourist activity in Wales
, by using an input-output analysis to measure the relationship between wind farm development and the tourism industry and also by looking at the economic effects of this relationship in terms of multipliers.
Shall provide complimentary support to the achievement of the key project aims, including; potential for positive economic impact in the Welsh tourism sector
) (
Supporting Theory
Objective Based:
Stakeholder Mapping
Mendelow
(1991)
–
to identify key stakeholders and to identify interests of stakeholders in relation to economic impacts of tourism in Wales.
Also identifies possible conflict of interests and can be used to look deeply at the relationships between these stakeholders.
Market Analysis
Kress et al (1994)
–
mainly used to assess the size, growth and future trends of the tourism sector. Size will focus on volumes (turnover, visitors, GVA). Trends focuses on potential changes in sector (opportunities + threats
)(
could change market size). Also uses desk research for industry figures (Govt, trade etc) as well as attitude surveys.
PEST Analysis
Used
to look at the political, economic, socio cultural, technological changes in the business environment
.
Helps to identify potential opportunities and threats (particular focus on economical side).
Cost Benefit Analysis
Depuit
(1844)
– used to measure the positive and negative consequences of a project
over a period of time
, while including s
ocial and environmental impacts.
Used to see if it is economically beneficial to the regions in terms of tourist activity.
Can be a quantifiab ...
Explore how the aviation industry significantly contributes to economic growth through job creation and innovation. Learn about its profound impact on various sectors and its role in driving global commerce. Gain insights into the dynamic relationship between aviation and the broader economy.
Nagging Dilemmas in Airport Expansion (and how to deal with them)Darwin Jayson Mariano
The document discusses key challenges facing airport operators regarding airport expansions. It notes that Asia Pacific is projected to overtake North America as the top region for air traffic by 2030 due to rapid urbanization and economic growth in developing countries. However, airport expansions require careful planning to address issues such as return on investment versus cost of capital, aligning infrastructure with airline fleet and passenger growth plans, implementing strong security measures while maintaining passenger experience, and balancing economic benefits with environmental concerns. The document promotes attending the Airfield Engineering and Asset Maintenance 2013 conference to learn best practices for ensuring operational efficiency and safety in airfield expansions and maintenance.
Future of travel An initial perspective Richard Hammond Founder and Chief Ex...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of travel by Richard Hammond Founder and Chief Executive Greentraveller. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Airports Of The Future Essentials For A Renewed Business ModelGina Rizzo
The document discusses how airports and airlines have traditionally viewed each other, but that a renewed business model is needed. Airports have historically seen themselves as providers of infrastructure to airlines, their primary customers, but now must see passengers as another key customer segment. As airports expand non-aeronautical revenues like retail, potential conflicts can arise with airlines over priorities. The renewed model maintains airports' core functions but views quality of service as an interactive process involving all stakeholders in service provision.
32 JanuaryFebruary 2014 Civil EngineeringAfrica’s fi rst .docxBHANU281672
32 January/February 2014 Civil Engineering
Africa’s fi rst aerotropolis in Ekurhuleni
WHAT IS AN AEROTROPOLIS?
Air travel is ubiquitous in modern life, not only for passenger
travel, but to satisfy our growing need for the just-in-time provi-
sion of goods and services. Th e consequences of this is a dra-
matic increase in the number and scale of airports, their growth
as sources of employment and increase in the consumer base,
together with the growth of the airport as a destination.
In modern cities, airports have therefore become major
drivers of urban form, economic activity and city competitive-
ness. Th e aerotropolis aims to take advantage of these changes
and optimise the positive eff ects the airport can have on the
economy and on communities.
Essentially, the aerotropolis is an economic development
strategy designed to increase competitiveness in global markets,
leveraging the access that air travel and air freight provide to
global clients.
Critically, an aerotropolis does not involve simply building
additional retail stores in an airport terminal or more light-
industry parks on the land surrounding an airport. It is about
taking advantage of all the economic opportunities an airport
off ers, refl ected at times by new physical infrastructure, but also
by alternative retail, entertainment, employment and commercial
land uses – and these can stretch out in a radius of 30 km or
more from the airport itself.
THE AEROTROPOLIS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
With aviation only starting to boom, and routes, passenger num-
bers and business investment still comparatively low in many
emerging countries, is it too early to consider the aerotropolis
approach for growing economies?
Airports traditionally develop in a piece-meal fashion. Many of
the world’s current major airports started as small landing strips
Danie Wium
Aurecon Government Industry Leader
[email protected]
Matt Coetzee
Aurecon Urbanisation Competency Leader
[email protected]
– will it foster economic growth?– will it foster economic growth?
In September 2013 it was announced that an
Aurecon-led consortium had won the contract to
develop the Ekurhuleni OR Tambo Aerotropolis in
Gauteng. The aerotropolis concept is now mainstream
in aviation planning, and there is little doubt that it
has brought substantial economic and social benefi ts
to airport owners, as well as local businesses and
communities. However, this experience has largely
been gained in the airports of Europe and North
America. The Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis offers a unique
opportunity to apply the lessons learnt at these other
airports to develop a truly African solution.
Central terminal at the OR Tambo International Airport in Gauteng
Civil Engineering January/February 2014 33
in the 1920s and have grown incrementally over time, although
not always in a perfectly logical manner. Th ere is extensive evi-
dence to show that a large port.
32 JanuaryFebruary 2014 Civil EngineeringAfrica’s fi rst .docxlorainedeserre
32 January/February 2014 Civil Engineering
Africa’s fi rst aerotropolis in Ekurhuleni
WHAT IS AN AEROTROPOLIS?
Air travel is ubiquitous in modern life, not only for passenger
travel, but to satisfy our growing need for the just-in-time provi-
sion of goods and services. Th e consequences of this is a dra-
matic increase in the number and scale of airports, their growth
as sources of employment and increase in the consumer base,
together with the growth of the airport as a destination.
In modern cities, airports have therefore become major
drivers of urban form, economic activity and city competitive-
ness. Th e aerotropolis aims to take advantage of these changes
and optimise the positive eff ects the airport can have on the
economy and on communities.
Essentially, the aerotropolis is an economic development
strategy designed to increase competitiveness in global markets,
leveraging the access that air travel and air freight provide to
global clients.
Critically, an aerotropolis does not involve simply building
additional retail stores in an airport terminal or more light-
industry parks on the land surrounding an airport. It is about
taking advantage of all the economic opportunities an airport
off ers, refl ected at times by new physical infrastructure, but also
by alternative retail, entertainment, employment and commercial
land uses – and these can stretch out in a radius of 30 km or
more from the airport itself.
THE AEROTROPOLIS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
With aviation only starting to boom, and routes, passenger num-
bers and business investment still comparatively low in many
emerging countries, is it too early to consider the aerotropolis
approach for growing economies?
Airports traditionally develop in a piece-meal fashion. Many of
the world’s current major airports started as small landing strips
Danie Wium
Aurecon Government Industry Leader
[email protected]
Matt Coetzee
Aurecon Urbanisation Competency Leader
[email protected]
– will it foster economic growth?– will it foster economic growth?
In September 2013 it was announced that an
Aurecon-led consortium had won the contract to
develop the Ekurhuleni OR Tambo Aerotropolis in
Gauteng. The aerotropolis concept is now mainstream
in aviation planning, and there is little doubt that it
has brought substantial economic and social benefi ts
to airport owners, as well as local businesses and
communities. However, this experience has largely
been gained in the airports of Europe and North
America. The Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis offers a unique
opportunity to apply the lessons learnt at these other
airports to develop a truly African solution.
Central terminal at the OR Tambo International Airport in Gauteng
Civil Engineering January/February 2014 33
in the 1920s and have grown incrementally over time, although
not always in a perfectly logical manner. Th ere is extensive evi-
dence to show that a large port ...
Civil Aviation industry in India is growing at an accelerating rate and the country is getting the benefits of its improved connectivity. India has become the world’s third largest domestic aviation market in term of the number of tickets sold. The Civil Aviation Industry has come in new era of expansion, driven by factor such as low cost carriers, modern airports, Foreign Direct Investment in domestic airlines, and growing emphasis on regional connectivity.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for the administration of the aviation industry in India. It plays a significant role in formulation of national policies and programmes for development and regulation of aviation industry. The following are the principal regulatory authorities functioning under the authority of the Ministry of Civil Aviation:-
• Directorate General of Civil Aviation
• Airport Authority of India
• Airport Economic Regulatory Authority
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Catatan tentang aerotropolis sebagai salah satu bentuk pengembangan kota, dal...Fitri Indra Wardhono
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Effect of business expansion on business opportunities in kisumu
1. International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 3, No.2; February 2013
55
Effect of airport expansion on business opportunities in Kisumu
Abiud Ochieng Awiti1
, Oduol Stephen Okoth1
, Fredrick O. Aila1
, Simeon Okelo1
, *Odhiambo
Odera2
, & Prof Martin Ogutu3
1
School of Business and Economics, Maseno University, 2
University of Southern Queensland,
Australia and Masinde Muliro, University of Science and Technology, Kenya, 3
Department of
Business Administration, School of Business, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
*oodera@yahoo.com
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of airport expansion on business
opportunities. The study location was in Kisumu, Kenya and the population was 11,132
businesses comprising of wholesalers, retailers, hoteliers, car hires, bankers and beach
management units. Systematic sampling was employed to select 100 wholesalers and
retailers while a census was conducted for the 30 hotels, 22 car hires, 25 banks and 8 beach
management units respectively. Semi structured survey questionnaires were utilized to
collect primary data. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results
indicate that the airport expansion has led to: increased visitors and tourist visits; increased
sales of both wholesale and retail trade and increased number of financial institutions. The
study concludes that despite the airport expansion creating relatively meaningful benefits to
the business community, the facility has not been fully utilized to create maximum business
opportunities in Kisumu.
Keywords: Business opportunities, airport expansion, Kisumu
1. Introduction
The expansion of airport has awakened Kisumu with the business community optimistic it
will boost trade in the region. The expansion started in 2008 at the cost of Sh3 billion and
involved the extension of the runway by 3,000 meters, taxi way construction, apron and
terminal that can hold 700 people per hour (Gichuki, 2011). The business community is
encouraged that the airport is the motivation the region needed after the 2007 post-
election violence. The resultant losses of investments lead to the loss of jobs, displacement
of investors as well as the markets for the various goods and services. This was compounded
by the national inflation with the accompanying rise in the prices of fuel and food.
The expansion is motivated by the increased passenger traffic. Kisumu Airport passenger
statistics 2010/2011 indicates that passengers using Kisumu Airport in December 2010 were
24, 271 representing a growth rate of 31.3% over the traffic handled in December 2009
which was 16, 989 (KAA, 2011). Aircraft movements grew by 24.0% from 562 to 740.
According to Cherry (2010), passenger traffic reflects the level of economic development,
demographics, business activity and tourism while cargo volumes are an indication of the
strength of the economy. However, for Kisumu Airport, it is not clear whether the high
number of traffic passengers relating to the expansion, are translating into business
opportunities. This study therefore, seeks to establish if the expansion of Kisumu Airport has
encouraged growth in business opportunities.
2. International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 3, No.2; February 2013
56
2. Literature Review
Economic growth and globalization have seen demand for air travel advance rapidly in the
last 20 years. The economic and demographic evidence allude to the accelerating trend. At
the same time, planning and constructing new infrastructure takes an extremely long time
and history has shown the construction of new airports and the expansion of existing ones
to be highly controversial (Haines, 2012). Where in other cases, land reserved for
development remained vacant for decades. In the more successful cases, increased growth
of aviation and increased airport capacity combine to attract economic activities (Wijk,
2007).
As business markets become national and international in scale, airports are increasingly
being viewed as incentive for local economic development. Their ability to generate jobs
and attract new business is being used in many locations as a justification for public
investments in new airport construction and expansion (Weisbrod, 1993). Airports are
intermodal nodes that have transformed into multifaceted business enterprises to secure
mixed-use activity centers, corridors and zones. They are shaping new urban forms that
reach way beyond the airport barrier. The ‘‘Airport area’’ has emerged in many cities
worldwide as a generic postmodern landscape of offices, hotels, warehouses, shopping
complexes, and logistics facilities (Guller & Guller 2003). The income that a nation receives
from tourism benefits that nation in several ways. Income is generated to the government
in form of taxes while at the same time tourism creates employment (Hudman & Jackson,
2003).
The economic importance of airports includes major generators of economic activity and
executes a motivation for a wide range of economic activities. An airport can act as a
strategic impetus by: Influencing business location decisions; attracting new investment
from a country and overseas companies; retaining and securing the expansion of existing
businesses in the face of competition from other areas; Promoting the export success of
businesses located in the area; Enhancing the competitiveness of the economy through the
fast and efficient delivery of passenger and freight services; Attracting high technology
businesses that have a high demand for air travel and the shipment of goods; acting as
centers of employment and training in a region by generating demand for a wide range of
skills; Integrating isolated communities with the global community (Jacobs, 2007).
Often it is the financial and business services sectors which make the greatest use of air
transport and for whom accessibility to air services will have the strongest influence on
location decisions (Burke, 2004). During the weeks after 2007 post-election violence, Eldoret
International Airport became the lifeline of traders in the region. When fish, fruits and
flowers produced in the region could not access markets in the nearest towns in Rift Valley
Province due to the many illegal roadblocks, traders airlifted their cargo to international
markets through the airport. Children going back to school, people moving to and from
Western Kenya through the airport increased when roads in the region were blocked
(Omondi, 2008).
3. International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 3, No.2; February 2013
57
As business markets become national and international in scale, airports are being viewed
as catalysts for local economic development. Their ability to generate jobs and attract new
business is being used in many locations as a justification for public investments in new
airport construction and expansion. Anticipation of new business activity requires
appropriate land planning. Investment in airport expansion involves risks associated with
future revenue streams which will be borne by the private sector (Frost, 2009).
3. Research Methodology
The study location was in Kisumu, Kenya and was conducted using a survey research design.
Secondary data were collected from Kenya Airports Authority, Lake Victoria Tourism
Association, Ministry of Fisheries, Municipal Council of Kisumu and Kenya Institute of
Bankers. The study population was 11,132 businesses comprising of wholesalers, retailers,
hoteliers, car hires, bankers and beach management units. Systematic sampling was
employed to obtain primary data from 100 wholesalers and retailers. Census sampling was
utilized to access data from 30 hotels, 22 car hires, 25 banks and 8 beach management units
respectively. Starting from a random sample of the registered wholesalers and retailers,
every 110th
wholesaler or retailer was included in the study. Data collected was analyzed
using descriptive statistics.
4. Results
Less than average of the business opportunities were established in the five year period
between 2007 and 2011. These included 23% hotels, 45% Car Hire, 37% Wholesale and
Retail, 32% Banks and that all the Beach Management Units were created before 2006.
However, in the five years period between 2002 and 2006, the percentage of business
opportunities initiated included; 37% hotels, 45% Car Hire, 48% Wholesale and Retail, 40%
Banks and 100% of the Beach Management Units were launched before 2006. The findings
indicate that most businesses were established before the five year period between 2007
and 2011, and airport expansion was not a factor in their establishment. Most businesses
among them 83% Hotels, 91% Car Hire, 68% Wholesale and Retail were created with
anticipation of high business that will result from increased passengers using the expanded
airport.
There was more than average level of expectations with the expanded airport. 100% of
Hotels, 100% of Car Hire, 81% of Wholesale and retail anticipated increased customers. 88%
of Banks projected an upward growth in loan uptake and 68% of increased population to
consume banking products. 100% Beach Management Units projected expanded fish
markets due to export. The findings indicate that there is high anticipation of business
products and service consumption that will result from increased passengers using the
expanded airport.
57% of the hotel sector within Kisumu agrees that airport expansion has promoted increase
in visitor/tourist visits. 53% of the respondents highly concur at that the expansion has
advanced growth in internal capacity of the hotel industry. 70% acknowledge that the
expansion has encouraged opening up of tourist attractions in Western Kenya. 80%
confirmed that the airport expansion has accelerated growth in number of hotels. 55% of
4. International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 3, No.2; February 2013
58
the respondents were convinced that the airport expansion has encouraged car hire
business operators to increase their capacity by adding more vehicles.
51% and 41% acknowledge that the airport expansion has encouraged the locals to start
investing in wholesale and retail businesses respectively. 68% admit that the expansion has
promoted growth in sales to the existing wholesale and retail business. Nevertheless, 87%
of the wholesalers and retailers are convinced that their sector had opportunities for growth
as a result of the expansion.
64% and 48% of respondents accept that the expansion has encouraged the opening up of
financial institutions and has had an effect on the number of clients respectively. 60% of
respondents confirm that the expansion had an effect in the increase in number of products
offered by financial institutions. 36% of the bankers consent that the expansion has
encouraged financial institutions to relocate their services. 75% accept that the fishing
sector has opportunities for growth as a result of the expanded airport,
5. Discussions
The study establishes that the airport expansion has an effect of promoting growth in
tourism, financial services, wholesale and retail. It reveals that several hotels have been
constructed over the last five years; others expanded their internal capacity while the
airport expansion has promoted growth in the number of hotels. There has been an upsurge
in the number of car hire business, following an increase in the number of flights to Kisumu
from Nairobi. Mathis & Guller (2003) ascertain that the ‘‘Airport area’’ has emerged in many
cities worldwide as a generic postmodern landscape of offices, hotels, warehouses,
shopping complexes, and logistics facilities.
The expansion has activated growth in the development of wholesale and retail business.
Upsurge of visitors and passengers have motivated wholesalers and retailers to expand their
business to meet the demands of the growing market. Several shopping malls have come up
indicating growth in sales to the existing businesses. Jacobs (2007) observes that an airport
can act as a strategic catalyst by: influencing business location decisions; attracting new
investment from a country and overseas companies; retaining and securing the expansion of
existing businesses in the face of competition from other areas.
The growth in business has enhanced the presence of many banks since 10 more banks have
joined the market since 2008. The bankers project an upward growth in mortgage loan
application since middle income earners have a steady income. Weisbrod (1993) determines
that anticipation of new business activity calls for appropriate land planning. The airport
expansion has not fully motivated the local fishermen to start aggressive fishing because the
airport does not have a cargo handling facility which can be used to export fish. Omondi
(2008) indicates that airports can be useful in promoting agriculture when other means of
infrastructure are inaccessible.
5. International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 3, No.2; February 2013
59
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