Edward Gordon Craig was born in 1872 to famous actress Ellen Terry. He made his stage debut at age 6 and later worked under famous actor Sir Henry Irving. Craig lost interest in school and had an artistic nature, becoming a skilled wood engraver. He developed innovative ideas about theater including symbolism over realism, use of masks and marionettes, and experimental lighting and stage designs. Craig founded a theater school in Italy and wrote extensively about his ideas, influencing generations of theater practitioners.
Adolphe Appia (1862-1928) was a Swiss architect and theorist of stage design who pioneered modern scenic design. He grew up in Geneva with a strong interest in music and drama but faced discouragement from his father. As an adult, he became renowned for his scenic designs for Wagner's operas which rejected realistic 2D sets in favor of 3D symbolic designs intended to connect the actor and performance setting through use of lighting. His works were influential in challenging traditional theatre design and inspiring later designers like Edward Gordon Craig.
Appia and Craig were influenced by Symbolism and sought to use lighting and design to hint at deeper meanings rather than directly represent reality. Appia developed a new movable lighting system and worked to use light to sculpt images on stage, while Craig experimented with color lighting and vertical lines to create a sense of grandeur and add depth beyond the physical stage. Both designers worked to transform the theatrical environment into an atmospheric and symbolic space through innovative use of light.
Vincent Van Gogh was a post-impressionist Dutch painter born in 1853 who produced over 2000 works in the last 10 years of his life. He had little success during his lifetime but his fame grew after his death. Some of his most famous paintings include The Starry Night, Irises, and Portrait of Doctor Gachet. He struggled with mental illness and cut off part of his ear during a breakdown with Paul Gauguin, and later died by suicide at age 37.
Gustav Klimt was an Austrian symbolist painter born in 1862 in Vienna. He studied at the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts and opened a studio with his father and brother after finishing his studies. Klimt is known for his distinctive style which incorporated influences from ancient Egyptian, Minoan, Greek, and Byzantine art as well as Japanese Rimpa school engravings. Some of his most famous paintings include The Kiss and portraits of Adele Bloch-Bauer I. Klimt appeared on Austrian coins and had exhibitions in Vienna commemorating his 150th birthday in 2012.
Giuseppe Arcimboldo was a 16th century Italian painter known for creating imaginative portraits composed entirely of objects such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, and animals. He lived nearly 500 years ago but was rediscovered about 100 years ago by the famous surrealist painter Salvador Dali. This painting called "The Four Seasons in One Head" is considered a self-portrait of Arcimboldo and is the only work of his in an American museum.
Paul Klee was a Swiss artist born in 1879 who worked as an art teacher in Germany. He was known for his abstract paintings that did not always depict recognizable objects and for incorporating children's art into his own work. Klee frequently used warm, cool, and neutral colors in his paintings.
Joseph Mallord William Turner was an influential English Romantic landscape painter known for his use of light, color, and atmospheric effects. He spent his childhood in London and showed an early interest in painting, entering the Royal Academy of Art schools at age 14. Turner's paintings often featured seascapes, ships, storms, and other natural phenomena depicted through vivid colors and loose brushwork. In his later works, he focused more on light, color, and atmosphere rather than solid objects or details. Turner helped elevate landscape painting and laid the foundations for Impressionism through his innovative techniques and investigations of light and color.
Vincent Van Gogh was a post-Impressionist painter born in 1853 in the Netherlands. He worked as an art dealer in his early life before dedicating himself to painting. Some of his most famous works include The Potato Eaters, Starry Night, sunflower paintings, and Irises. Van Gogh struggled with mental illness throughout his life and died by suicide in 1890 at the age of 37. Although unknown in his lifetime, he is now considered one of the most influential artists in modern art history.
Adolphe Appia (1862-1928) was a Swiss architect and theorist of stage design who pioneered modern scenic design. He grew up in Geneva with a strong interest in music and drama but faced discouragement from his father. As an adult, he became renowned for his scenic designs for Wagner's operas which rejected realistic 2D sets in favor of 3D symbolic designs intended to connect the actor and performance setting through use of lighting. His works were influential in challenging traditional theatre design and inspiring later designers like Edward Gordon Craig.
Appia and Craig were influenced by Symbolism and sought to use lighting and design to hint at deeper meanings rather than directly represent reality. Appia developed a new movable lighting system and worked to use light to sculpt images on stage, while Craig experimented with color lighting and vertical lines to create a sense of grandeur and add depth beyond the physical stage. Both designers worked to transform the theatrical environment into an atmospheric and symbolic space through innovative use of light.
Vincent Van Gogh was a post-impressionist Dutch painter born in 1853 who produced over 2000 works in the last 10 years of his life. He had little success during his lifetime but his fame grew after his death. Some of his most famous paintings include The Starry Night, Irises, and Portrait of Doctor Gachet. He struggled with mental illness and cut off part of his ear during a breakdown with Paul Gauguin, and later died by suicide at age 37.
Gustav Klimt was an Austrian symbolist painter born in 1862 in Vienna. He studied at the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts and opened a studio with his father and brother after finishing his studies. Klimt is known for his distinctive style which incorporated influences from ancient Egyptian, Minoan, Greek, and Byzantine art as well as Japanese Rimpa school engravings. Some of his most famous paintings include The Kiss and portraits of Adele Bloch-Bauer I. Klimt appeared on Austrian coins and had exhibitions in Vienna commemorating his 150th birthday in 2012.
Giuseppe Arcimboldo was a 16th century Italian painter known for creating imaginative portraits composed entirely of objects such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, and animals. He lived nearly 500 years ago but was rediscovered about 100 years ago by the famous surrealist painter Salvador Dali. This painting called "The Four Seasons in One Head" is considered a self-portrait of Arcimboldo and is the only work of his in an American museum.
Paul Klee was a Swiss artist born in 1879 who worked as an art teacher in Germany. He was known for his abstract paintings that did not always depict recognizable objects and for incorporating children's art into his own work. Klee frequently used warm, cool, and neutral colors in his paintings.
Joseph Mallord William Turner was an influential English Romantic landscape painter known for his use of light, color, and atmospheric effects. He spent his childhood in London and showed an early interest in painting, entering the Royal Academy of Art schools at age 14. Turner's paintings often featured seascapes, ships, storms, and other natural phenomena depicted through vivid colors and loose brushwork. In his later works, he focused more on light, color, and atmosphere rather than solid objects or details. Turner helped elevate landscape painting and laid the foundations for Impressionism through his innovative techniques and investigations of light and color.
Vincent Van Gogh was a post-Impressionist painter born in 1853 in the Netherlands. He worked as an art dealer in his early life before dedicating himself to painting. Some of his most famous works include The Potato Eaters, Starry Night, sunflower paintings, and Irises. Van Gogh struggled with mental illness throughout his life and died by suicide in 1890 at the age of 37. Although unknown in his lifetime, he is now considered one of the most influential artists in modern art history.
Mary Cassatt was an American painter who lived from 1844 to 1926. She was one of the leading artists in the Impressionist movement in the late 1800s. After studying art in Pennsylvania and Europe, Cassatt moved to Paris in the 1860s where she met Edgar Degas and began exhibiting her work with the Impressionists in the late 1870s. Cassatt is known for her paintings focusing on the intimate relationships between mothers and children. She had a successful career as an Impressionist painter until vision problems forced her to stop painting in the 1910s.
Henri Matisse was a famous French artist born in 1869 who worked in painting, drawing, sculpture, and book illustration. Some of his most notable periods included Fauvism in the early 1900s where he used bold colors and brushwork, and his time in Nice from 1917-1930 where he focused on the female figure. Later in life after an operation, Matisse created collages by cutting out shapes from painted paper which he moved around until satisfying compositions emerged. He is now recognized as one of the foremost modern artists alongside Picasso.
Rembrandt was a famous Dutch painter born in 1606 in Leiden, Netherlands. He achieved early success as a portrait painter but later experienced personal tragedy with the deaths of his wife and children. This caused his artwork to become more somber and focused on biblical themes. Rembrandt was known for his realistic and detailed paintings that showed profound emotion and depth through the use of brushstrokes and lighting effects. He painted over 50 self-portraits that tracked the changes in his appearance and mental state over his lifetime.
The document provides a biography of Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his childhood in the Netherlands, his early attempts to become an artist while struggling financially, his move to Paris where he was exposed to Impressionism, his move to Arles and establishment of a studio, his productive period producing masterpieces while struggling with mental illness, and his death by suicide at a young age. It concludes by describing the Van Gogh Museum, which houses the largest collection of his works.
Auguste Rodin was a famous French sculptor born in 1840 who struggled early in his career but found great success later in life. He was rejected from art schools as a child due to poor vision. Though initially rejected from the Paris Salon, by 1900 he had become internationally renowned for works like The Thinker, The Gates of Hell, and The Burghers of Calais. Near the end of his life, Rodin arranged for his former home in Paris to be converted into a museum dedicated to displaying his works after his death.
Gustav Klimt was an influential Austrian painter born in 1862 in Vienna. He was one of the founders of the Vienna Secession art movement which rebelled against the classical establishment. Klimt was a very talented student who was commissioned for large decorative works at a young age. Along with his brothers he opened a studio specializing in interior design and decoration, decorating many theaters. While his early work was naturalistic, he later adopted a radical new style influenced by styles like Japanese art. His colorful, symbolic paintings set trends for the Art Nouveau period and profoundly influenced Viennese art at the time.
Paul Klee was a Swiss artist born in 1879 who was influenced by both his musical father and artistic mother. He is known for his abstract paintings that did not aim to realistically depict objects but rather explored line, shape, color and forms. Klee created almost 9,000 paintings over his lifetime working with different mediums like watercolors, chalk and pastels, and was known for his unique style that sometimes resembled a child's artwork.
The document discusses Edvard Munch, the Norwegian artist who created The Scream painting. It describes that Munch suffered from anxiety, drinking, hallucinations, and feelings of persecution throughout his life. The Scream is his most famous work depicting existential anguish, inspired by his experience witnessing the sky turn blood red during a volcanic eruption. Munch created multiple versions of The Scream and his works greatly influenced the development of German expressionism in the early 1900s. However, Munch suffered mental health issues and received treatment including electroconvulsive therapy in 1908.
Commedia Dell'arte was a popular improvised style of theatre that originated in Italy between the 14th-18th centuries. It featured set characters, colorful costumes, and minimal staging, with actors improvising dialogue and situations. Some of the most notable troupes included I Gelosi, who helped spread Commedia Dell'arte throughout Europe in the late 1500s, and Confidenti and Fedeli who performed internationally in the following centuries. Though improvised, the characters and themes of love, jealousy, and humor influenced later theatrical forms and are still performed today.
Jean-Michel Basquiat was an American graffiti artist born in Brooklyn, New York in 1960. From a young age, his parents exposed him to art, music, and theater which inspired his love of drawing. He began his career drawing graffiti and went on to create large, colorful paintings featuring images like teeth, Native Americans, and crowns that portrayed his unique perspective on the world in a funny, angry, or sad way. Though he became quickly successful, Basquiat died young at age 27, leaving behind a short but influential body of work.
Gustav Klimt was an Austrian painter born in 1862 in Vienna. He began his career painting murals and ceilings in buildings, which became popular and provided him with steady work. When Klimt was 30, both his father and brother died, requiring him to support their families as well as himself. Klimt is known for his paintings of women and for beginning to use tiny pieces of real gold in his paintings, which added shimmering patterns and textures. His 1907 painting The Kiss features the faces and hands of the couple visible, with their bodies depicted as swirls of gold studded with colored rectangles.
Mary Cassatt - The New Woman of ImpressionismJerry Daperro
Mary Cassatt was an American painter who spent most of her career in France. She was introduced to the Impressionist circle by Edgar Degas and often painted scenes of women's daily lives and their relationships with children. Unlike other Impressionists, Cassatt focused on portraying the private lives and social roles of women. She sought to depict the "New Woman" emerging in the late 19th century from a woman's perspective. Cassatt updated traditional images of mothers and children to reflect modern family life. She gained recognition for her sensitive depictions of the intimate bonds between mothers and daughters.
Sappho was a Greek lyric poet from the island of Lesbos who lived in the 6th century BC. Very little is known about her life. While her poems were popular in antiquity, only fragments survive today due to the loss of her nine volumes of poetry over time. Her poems covered themes of passion and love, including love between women. She influenced later poets and writers, and words like "lesbian" and "sapphic" derive from her name and birthplace in reference to female homosexuality.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir was a famous French artist born in 1841 who was a leading painter in developing the Impressionist style of painting. He came from a working class family and began working in a factory decorating fine china at age 13. He later studied art in Paris where he met other Impressionist painters. Renoir became known for his bright, colorful paintings often depicting happy scenes of everyday life like families, children at the beach, and dancers, usually in bright sunlight. His works remain very popular today and are displayed in art museums worldwide.
After being diagnosed with cancer in 1941, Henri Matisse began creating cut-paper designs with the help of assistants. His assistants would paint sheets of paper which Matisse would then cut out colored shapes and pieces from and arrange on the papers. This new cut-paper technique allowed Matisse, who used a wheelchair at this point, to continue being artistically creative. He produced over 300 of these cut-paper designs in the final years of his life.
Georgia O'Keeffe was an American painter born in 1887 who lived until 1986. She taught art but became known for her own paintings, especially of flowers, landscapes, and nature, which were influenced by modern art. O'Keeffe used warm colors like reds, oranges, and yellows and employed techniques like abstraction with curves and waves as well as foreshortening to depict objects as larger than their actual size. Her art influenced many others, especially in the women's rights movement.
Georgia O'Keeffe was a 20th century American painter known for her large-scale paintings of flowers and southwestern landscapes. She began painting flowers at close range after moving to New York in 1914 and assimilating modernist principles. O'Keeffe spent much of her time in New Mexico, where she created imagery synonymous with the American Southwest. Her best known works show colorful, fresh, and sensual flower paintings on a large scale.
This document provides biographical information about the English landscape painter David Cox (1783-1859). It discusses his apprenticeship and early career as a miniature painter and theatre scene painter in Birmingham. It describes how Cox moved to London and struggled as a freelance painter. It highlights how Cox admired JMW Turner and subscribed to his Liber Studiorum prints despite his poverty. The document also discusses Cox's time living in Norwich and involvement with the Norwich School of painters, as well as his later return to Birmingham where he suffered declining health in the late 1850s.
This document provides information about a documentary film about jazz guitar. It summarizes that the film is produced by Touchstone Pictures and 347Films, and features musicians like Wynton Marsalis, Ray Barbee, and Esperanza Spalding. The film will be shown in theaters starting November 7th, 2014.
Mary Cassatt was an American painter who lived from 1844 to 1926. She was one of the leading artists in the Impressionist movement in the late 1800s. After studying art in Pennsylvania and Europe, Cassatt moved to Paris in the 1860s where she met Edgar Degas and began exhibiting her work with the Impressionists in the late 1870s. Cassatt is known for her paintings focusing on the intimate relationships between mothers and children. She had a successful career as an Impressionist painter until vision problems forced her to stop painting in the 1910s.
Henri Matisse was a famous French artist born in 1869 who worked in painting, drawing, sculpture, and book illustration. Some of his most notable periods included Fauvism in the early 1900s where he used bold colors and brushwork, and his time in Nice from 1917-1930 where he focused on the female figure. Later in life after an operation, Matisse created collages by cutting out shapes from painted paper which he moved around until satisfying compositions emerged. He is now recognized as one of the foremost modern artists alongside Picasso.
Rembrandt was a famous Dutch painter born in 1606 in Leiden, Netherlands. He achieved early success as a portrait painter but later experienced personal tragedy with the deaths of his wife and children. This caused his artwork to become more somber and focused on biblical themes. Rembrandt was known for his realistic and detailed paintings that showed profound emotion and depth through the use of brushstrokes and lighting effects. He painted over 50 self-portraits that tracked the changes in his appearance and mental state over his lifetime.
The document provides a biography of Vincent Van Gogh. It describes his childhood in the Netherlands, his early attempts to become an artist while struggling financially, his move to Paris where he was exposed to Impressionism, his move to Arles and establishment of a studio, his productive period producing masterpieces while struggling with mental illness, and his death by suicide at a young age. It concludes by describing the Van Gogh Museum, which houses the largest collection of his works.
Auguste Rodin was a famous French sculptor born in 1840 who struggled early in his career but found great success later in life. He was rejected from art schools as a child due to poor vision. Though initially rejected from the Paris Salon, by 1900 he had become internationally renowned for works like The Thinker, The Gates of Hell, and The Burghers of Calais. Near the end of his life, Rodin arranged for his former home in Paris to be converted into a museum dedicated to displaying his works after his death.
Gustav Klimt was an influential Austrian painter born in 1862 in Vienna. He was one of the founders of the Vienna Secession art movement which rebelled against the classical establishment. Klimt was a very talented student who was commissioned for large decorative works at a young age. Along with his brothers he opened a studio specializing in interior design and decoration, decorating many theaters. While his early work was naturalistic, he later adopted a radical new style influenced by styles like Japanese art. His colorful, symbolic paintings set trends for the Art Nouveau period and profoundly influenced Viennese art at the time.
Paul Klee was a Swiss artist born in 1879 who was influenced by both his musical father and artistic mother. He is known for his abstract paintings that did not aim to realistically depict objects but rather explored line, shape, color and forms. Klee created almost 9,000 paintings over his lifetime working with different mediums like watercolors, chalk and pastels, and was known for his unique style that sometimes resembled a child's artwork.
The document discusses Edvard Munch, the Norwegian artist who created The Scream painting. It describes that Munch suffered from anxiety, drinking, hallucinations, and feelings of persecution throughout his life. The Scream is his most famous work depicting existential anguish, inspired by his experience witnessing the sky turn blood red during a volcanic eruption. Munch created multiple versions of The Scream and his works greatly influenced the development of German expressionism in the early 1900s. However, Munch suffered mental health issues and received treatment including electroconvulsive therapy in 1908.
Commedia Dell'arte was a popular improvised style of theatre that originated in Italy between the 14th-18th centuries. It featured set characters, colorful costumes, and minimal staging, with actors improvising dialogue and situations. Some of the most notable troupes included I Gelosi, who helped spread Commedia Dell'arte throughout Europe in the late 1500s, and Confidenti and Fedeli who performed internationally in the following centuries. Though improvised, the characters and themes of love, jealousy, and humor influenced later theatrical forms and are still performed today.
Jean-Michel Basquiat was an American graffiti artist born in Brooklyn, New York in 1960. From a young age, his parents exposed him to art, music, and theater which inspired his love of drawing. He began his career drawing graffiti and went on to create large, colorful paintings featuring images like teeth, Native Americans, and crowns that portrayed his unique perspective on the world in a funny, angry, or sad way. Though he became quickly successful, Basquiat died young at age 27, leaving behind a short but influential body of work.
Gustav Klimt was an Austrian painter born in 1862 in Vienna. He began his career painting murals and ceilings in buildings, which became popular and provided him with steady work. When Klimt was 30, both his father and brother died, requiring him to support their families as well as himself. Klimt is known for his paintings of women and for beginning to use tiny pieces of real gold in his paintings, which added shimmering patterns and textures. His 1907 painting The Kiss features the faces and hands of the couple visible, with their bodies depicted as swirls of gold studded with colored rectangles.
Mary Cassatt - The New Woman of ImpressionismJerry Daperro
Mary Cassatt was an American painter who spent most of her career in France. She was introduced to the Impressionist circle by Edgar Degas and often painted scenes of women's daily lives and their relationships with children. Unlike other Impressionists, Cassatt focused on portraying the private lives and social roles of women. She sought to depict the "New Woman" emerging in the late 19th century from a woman's perspective. Cassatt updated traditional images of mothers and children to reflect modern family life. She gained recognition for her sensitive depictions of the intimate bonds between mothers and daughters.
Sappho was a Greek lyric poet from the island of Lesbos who lived in the 6th century BC. Very little is known about her life. While her poems were popular in antiquity, only fragments survive today due to the loss of her nine volumes of poetry over time. Her poems covered themes of passion and love, including love between women. She influenced later poets and writers, and words like "lesbian" and "sapphic" derive from her name and birthplace in reference to female homosexuality.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir was a famous French artist born in 1841 who was a leading painter in developing the Impressionist style of painting. He came from a working class family and began working in a factory decorating fine china at age 13. He later studied art in Paris where he met other Impressionist painters. Renoir became known for his bright, colorful paintings often depicting happy scenes of everyday life like families, children at the beach, and dancers, usually in bright sunlight. His works remain very popular today and are displayed in art museums worldwide.
After being diagnosed with cancer in 1941, Henri Matisse began creating cut-paper designs with the help of assistants. His assistants would paint sheets of paper which Matisse would then cut out colored shapes and pieces from and arrange on the papers. This new cut-paper technique allowed Matisse, who used a wheelchair at this point, to continue being artistically creative. He produced over 300 of these cut-paper designs in the final years of his life.
Georgia O'Keeffe was an American painter born in 1887 who lived until 1986. She taught art but became known for her own paintings, especially of flowers, landscapes, and nature, which were influenced by modern art. O'Keeffe used warm colors like reds, oranges, and yellows and employed techniques like abstraction with curves and waves as well as foreshortening to depict objects as larger than their actual size. Her art influenced many others, especially in the women's rights movement.
Georgia O'Keeffe was a 20th century American painter known for her large-scale paintings of flowers and southwestern landscapes. She began painting flowers at close range after moving to New York in 1914 and assimilating modernist principles. O'Keeffe spent much of her time in New Mexico, where she created imagery synonymous with the American Southwest. Her best known works show colorful, fresh, and sensual flower paintings on a large scale.
This document provides biographical information about the English landscape painter David Cox (1783-1859). It discusses his apprenticeship and early career as a miniature painter and theatre scene painter in Birmingham. It describes how Cox moved to London and struggled as a freelance painter. It highlights how Cox admired JMW Turner and subscribed to his Liber Studiorum prints despite his poverty. The document also discusses Cox's time living in Norwich and involvement with the Norwich School of painters, as well as his later return to Birmingham where he suffered declining health in the late 1850s.
This document provides information about a documentary film about jazz guitar. It summarizes that the film is produced by Touchstone Pictures and 347Films, and features musicians like Wynton Marsalis, Ray Barbee, and Esperanza Spalding. The film will be shown in theaters starting November 7th, 2014.
Adi Granov works as an artist and designer for Marvel, notably on the Iron Man series. He has done comic covers and interior stories under an exclusive Marvel contract.
Jörg Zenker is a figurative artist based in Belgium who studied oil painting techniques and drawing. He finds inspiration from his work giving tours across Europe.
Richard Stergulz is a painter from Illinois who works in oils. He is influenced by Russian impressionism and teaches art classes.
Shakespeare william hamlet_prince_of_denmarkkandabatata
1) Two guards at Elsinore Castle see the ghost of Hamlet's dead father wearing the same armor, prompting Hamlet's friend Horatio to investigate further. 2) Hamlet is distraught after his father's death and unhappy that his mother Gertrude has hastily remarried his uncle Claudius, who has become the new King of Denmark. 3) When the Ghost appears again to Horatio and the guards, they decide to inform Hamlet in the hopes that the Ghost will provide an explanation to the Prince.
Samuel Beckett was an Irish writer born in 1906 near Dublin. He studied languages at Trinity College Dublin and later taught French and English in Belfast and Paris. He began writing in the late 1920s and is best known for his plays Waiting for Godot and Happy Days, as well as novels like Molloy and Malone Dies. Beckett was a pioneer of absurdist theater and modernist literature, stripping down language and plot to focus on fundamental human experiences like waiting, memory, and death. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969 and continued writing until his death in 1989, leaving a profound influence on generations of writers, playwrights and artists.
Georgia O'Keeffe was an American artist known for her paintings of flowers, landscapes, and cityscapes. She pioneered abstract painting in the early 20th century, creating non-representational works using only shapes, colors, and forms as early as 1915. Her early abstract paintings were prominently displayed by her husband Arthur Stieglitz at his 291 gallery, exposing the American public to this new style of art. O'Keeffe was influenced by Arthur Wesley Dow's principles of composition and abstraction, and she credited Arthur Dove as having the most significant impact on her development as a young artist moving her style towards abstraction.
The National Gallery of Ireland founded in 1854 houses an impressive collection of over 15,000 artworks. Spanning the history of western European art from around 1300 to the present day, the collection includes well-known artist from Mantegna and Titian to Monet and Picasso, including various schools and era.
1) The document provides information about the origin and development of drama in England. It discusses how drama originated from religious stories and evolved through different periods like the Religious Period involving miracle and mystery plays, the Moral Period involving morality plays and interludes, and the Artistic Period where plays were influenced by classical drama.
2) During the Religious Period, the first dramas were based on stories from the Bible and saints' lives, performed in churches to make services more engaging. Miracle plays depicted stories from the Bible and lives of saints while Mystery plays depicted biblical scenes.
3) The document then discusses the three periods in the development of English drama - the Religious, Moral and Art
The document discusses different techniques used in etching and engraving artwork. It describes how etching involves using acids to draw into metal plates to create lines that hold ink, while engraving uses tools to cut directly into metal plates. Some key etching artists mentioned include Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, William Blake, and William Hogarth. Different types of shading techniques used in etching such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are also defined.
FLAMES Quiz as conducted at Indraprastha College for Women, Delhi University as a part of Shruti 2019. PPT including prelims questions and final questions + answers. Another PPT including prelims answers may be found on profile.
Richard Wagner, his work and influence on film, music and other artsHrvoje Hrsto
This document provides a biography of Richard Wagner, a famous German composer, and discusses his innovations and influences. It describes Wagner's early life and career, his years in exile due to political unrest, and his later return to Germany. It also examines some of Wagner's controversial views and the appropriation of his work by the Nazis. The document highlights Wagner's innovations like Gesamtkunstwerk and the leitmotif, and his influence on film scores like Star Wars. Finally, it discusses Wagner's lasting legacy and influence on other artists and art forms beyond just music.
The document provides an overview of an exhibition titled "Alice in Wonderland" held at Tate Liverpool from November 4th, 2011 to January 29th, 2012. It features information on Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, illustrations from the book by John Tenniel, photographs taken by Carroll, and how the story of Alice has inspired various artists over different time periods in their work.
The document provides an overview of etching as an art form and printmaking technique. It discusses how etching involves using acids to draw lines into metal printing plates, which are then used to create intaglio prints. Some key etching artists mentioned include Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, William Blake, and William Hogarth. Different types of shading techniques used in etching such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are also defined.
The Statens Museum for Kunst (SMK) is located in Copenhagen. It is home to Danish art. Its collection includes some 260,000 works, spanning more than seven hundred years from the late Middle Ages to the present day. It has numerous masterpieces by artists such as Albrecht Durer, Peter Paul Rubens, CW Eckersberg and Christen Kobke. Today, the SMK attracts around 450,000 visitors annually.
Most of us outside of Scandinavia, are unfamiliar with Nordic pictorial and sculptural traditions. But their paintings do reflect their underlying Nordic cultures, social values on compassion & emotion and finally their natural environment. The Nordic approach is visually less intense and flamboyant as compared with the Italian Baroque or to the French Impressionist. Their approach is more humanistic and much closer to our daily life. Stylistically their 18C and 19C paintings were mostly realism with clarity, sharpness, crispness and on occasion melancholia. It much closer to ordinary persons and our life.
1) The document discusses British literature, focusing on William Shakespeare and his Globe Theatre in London as well as Charles Dickens.
2) It describes the Globe Theatre as a reconstruction of Shakespeare's original theatre, which hosts around 300 performances annually where Shakespeare's plays and new works are performed.
3) It also highlights Charles Dickens' home in London, which has been turned into a museum containing over 100,000 items related to Dickens, including manuscripts from novels like Oliver Twist. The museum curator discusses how Dickens' difficult childhood influenced his writing on social issues.
Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen was a pioneer of realistic drama in the late 19th century, dealing with taboo subjects that mirrored everyday life. Along with August Strindberg, he revolutionized theater by presenting controversial works that could not be produced commercially. Ibsen is known for plays like "A Doll's House" and "Hedda Gabler" that tackled controversial topics and refused to make clear moral judgments. Strindberg further intensified realism to focus on internal personal conflicts between characters. Together, they established modern realistic drama that dealt with serious social issues of the time.
General Quiz Finals at Eclectiza, Thapar University 2016RisHi Raj
This document discusses various trivia questions and prompts the reader to identify missing information. It includes questions about comic book characters, musicians, historical figures, movies, inventions and more. The reader is awarded points for correct answers and deducted points for incorrect ones.
This slideshow takes a very brief look at the Nordic paintings – Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland etc. The majority of the paintings are from the early 19C to early 20C. As far as Nordic paintings are concerned, Denmark plays a leading role in the scope and the breadth of the artistic movement. A dominating institution was the Royal Academy in Denmark, where most of the well-know painters were trained. Many of these painters travelled to the art capitals like Paris, Rome etc to gain experience and fame before returning to the Nordic country. Nordic paintings tradition are realism, attention to details and rigorous clarity of composition. This is in contrast to the Impressionist approach for many parts of Europe. 18.3.21
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. Biography
Edward Henry Gordon Craig was born in Stevenage on the 16th January 1872. His mother, who
later became the most famous actress of her day, and Sir Henry Irving’s leading lady. Dame Ellen
Terry (1847-1928), was then a young woman in her mid-twenties, a very attractive, talented
actress. In December 1868 she left the stage for several years, she sets up home with Edward
William Godwin (1833-1886), a celebrated architect.
The first child born to Ellen Terry and Godwin was Edith Craig (1869-1947), and their son
“Teddy” was born three years later.
Ellen Terry and Godwin broke up in 1875. Her two other husbands, Charles Kelly and James
Carew made a very little impact on the young life of Gordon Craig.
On 28th March 1878, when he was only just six years old, Craig made his first appearance on the
stage when he ‘walked on’ in Olivia a play in which his mother was appearing at the Royal Court
Theatre. After this he appeared in a few plays when he went to America with his mother.
His father Godwin died on 6th October 1886. Craig had inherited his father’s ability and sense
of dedication to his work, although as they had not seen one another during Craig’s boyhood, his
artistic development owed nothing to his father’s influence.
Craig had not liked school. His preparatory school had been Southfield Park where he only
acquired a taste for comic verse. Later on he went to Bradfield College, which was no more
popular with him, and then he went to Heidelberg in Germany for several month to learn german.
3. Biography
In 1889 Craig considered is real training for life began, his ‘apprenticeship’ under Sir Henry Irving at
the Lyceum Theatre. But it’s only to years later, in 1899 that Craig ceased to be actor and start devoted
his time to engraving and drawing and also began the production of Dido and Aeneas. In 1893 he
moved to Uxbridge at Denham where he found that his neighbours were William Nicholson and
Nicholson's brother-in-law, James Pride. It was then that he caught on to the woodcut idea. At this time
Craig did more than learn how to become a proficient wood-engraver. No longer confused, he
discovered himself as a graphic artist and began to see his self a head more clearly.
In August 1894 he joined a provincial company at Hereford. Craig very early on his life set himself a
plan of study, a course of self-instruction. He received assistance from his friendship with Sir William
Rothenstein, Nicholson and James Pryde.
After 1900 when he began to define his own attitude to the theatre Craig found himself in the forefront
of the struggle against realism.
When he was in Germany with Isadora Duncan in 1905 he found this concept of the ‘Uber-
marionette’. Two years later the idea became fully developed and his experiments started.
Over the years Craig have been accomplishing a lot of different things in several areas, he published
many books and his wood cuts, he established a school in Italy, and upon all of this he designed a
considerable number of plays. Among his notable productions were The Vikings and Much ado about
nothing (both in 1903 for Ellen Terry) and Hamlet (with the Moscow art theatre in 1912). At Florence,
Italy, he founded (1913) the Gordon Craig school for Art of the Theatre; he also edited a magazine, The
Mask (1908-29). He wrote On the Art of Theatre (1911), The Theatre Advancing (1921), Scene (1923), and
biographies of Henry Irving (1930) and Ellen Terry (1931).
4. Bibliography
Bablet, D. The Theatre of Edward Gordon Craig, Eyre Methuen, London, 1981.
Brockett, O. History of the Theatre, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1994.
Craig, E.G. On the Art of the Theatre, Methuen, London, 1911.
Innes, Christopher. 1983. Edward Gordon Craig. Directors in Perspective ser. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521273838.
Johnston, M. Directing Methods, Singleton Press, San Paolo, 1972.
Leiter, S.L. The Great Stage Directors, Facts on File, New York, 1994.
Taxidou, Olga. 1998. The Mask: A Periodical Performance by Edward Gordon Craig.
Contemporary Theatre Studies ser. volume 30. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.
ISBN 90575504
Walton, J.M. Craig on Theatre, Methuen, London, 1983.
Wills, R. The Director in a Changing Theatre, Mayfield, Palo Alto, 1976.
Arnott, Brian. Edward Gordon Craig & Hamlet. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1975.
‘Edward Gordon Craig and ‘The Pretenders’; A Production Revised’ by Frederick J. Marker
and Lise-Lone Marker, Southern Iooinois University Press, 1981
‘Edward Gordon Craig; A Vision of Theatre’, Christopher Innes, 1998, Routledge
5. Bibliography
Bablet, Denis. Edward Gordon Craig. Trans. Daphne Woodward. NY: Theatre Arts Books,
1966.
Craig, Edward Gordon. Index to the Story of My Days. London: Hulton Press, 1957.
Craig, Edward. Gordon Craig: The Story of His Life. NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968.
Eynat-Confino, Irène. Beyond the Mask: Gordon Craig, Movement, and the Actor.
Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1987.
Franklin, Colin. Fond of Printing: Gordon Craig as Typographer & Illustrator. NY: The
Typophiles, 1980.
Innes, Christopher. Edward Gordon Craig. Cambridge & NY: CUP, 1983.
Leeper, Janet. Edward Gordon Craig: Designs for the Theatre. Middlesex, Eng.: Penguin
(King Penguin Book), 1948.
Marotti, Ferruccio. Gordon Craig. Bologna: Cappelli, 1961.
Adlard, Eleanor. Edy: Recollections of Edith Craig. London: Frederick Muller, 1949. See also
sources under Terry, Ellen.
Forbes-Robertson, Sir Johnston. A Player Under Three Reigns. Boston: Little, Brown, 1925.
‘Craig on Theatre’ Edited by J. Michael Walton, Methuen, 1983
For further reading see: Fletcher, Ifan Kyle and Arnold Rood. Edward Gordon Craig: A
Bibliography. London: STR, 1967.
6. Ideas/Practices
Edward Gordon Craig intensively researched theatre of the past in order to create his 'new' theatre. He
envisaged theatre which was a fusion of poetry, performer, colour and movement designed to appeal to
the emotions based on visual suggestion, evocation and symbolic representation rather than a
reproduction of reality. He saw the need for an antidote to the phenomenon of Naturalism and the true
to life representations so he designed and created scenic environments which were more about
atmosphere than locality with a strong sense of mood. The term theatre is derived from the Greek 'to
see' not hear and Craig strongly believed in visual theatre.
Edward Gordon Craig has written many texts based on his ideas and innovations along with
biographies including one of Henry Irving, whom was a great influence to Craig, and one of his mother,
Ellen Terry whom Craig never forgave for not having Irving as a father. Irving was idolised by Craig
and he had a great effect on his work. Some of Craig's strongest writings were his innovative ideas on
stage design, masks, marionettes and lighting. Being a graphic artist and engraver Craig came easily to
appreciate the pedigree and virtue of mask and puppet. His writings today are only old in the sense of
vocabulary, his ideas are as fresh as ever.
Masks
'A Note on Masks' was written by Craig in 1910 and it puts forward the idea of a mask being the
paramount weapon of dramatic expression. Craig expresses that drama is not trivial, it takes us beyond
reality and yet asks for a human face, the realist of things, to express all that. Masks carry conviction and
becomes part of the actor who is wearing it. O'Neill, Brecht and Shaffer have been among those who
have shown new ways in which the mask can regain a place of honour within the 20th century.
7. Ideas/Practices
Marionettes
'Gentlemen, the marionette' is a writing in which Craig celebrates the string puppet. Craig had a
great interest in marionettes believing they are the only true actors who have the soul of the
dramatic poet, serving as a true and loyal interpreter with the virtues of silence and obedience.
After the Great War, Craig founded a magazine, 'The Marionette' which contained a text of
puppet plays he had written which further indulged his interest in puppets.
Lighting
In terms of lighting Craig was certainly among the first to recognise the potential of electric light,
which was a new direction for theatre at the turn of the century. Craig shared and promoted
similar ideas on the use of light and stage space as Adolph Appia without actually meeting one
another until 1914. Craig's innovation in lighting and design were admired by critics and radical
artists but sometimes were too complex to execute.
Movement
Craig, following his symbolist views, used movement to create mood and in his studies in 1906 he
talked of removing elements of set/props and replacing them with symbolic gestures. For
example, a man battling through a snowstorm. Craig questioned whether the snow was necessary.
Would the movements made by the actor be sufficient to suggest a man battling the elements?
8. Influences
It is obvious that Craig had a lots of different influences trough his life as a
designer, actor and writer. First we can point out his research in the galleries
in London and later Florence and in other parts of Europe which instructed
him in the work of Sebastiano Serlio and others Italian painters and
architects. His many visits to the National Gallery also taught him to
appreciate the works of Duccio and the early renaissance painters. In
England, Tudor scholarship had prompted William Poel’s Shakespearean
reforms but the inspiration for Craig more far-reaching and broader based
ideas derived from the simple beauty of early Italian art and the study of the
movement, colour and light. Craig’s conception of theatre was stimulated not
only by the European past but also by the Fare East, especially the Japanese
theatre. This influence can be claimed in particular fir his endeavours to
devise an aesthetic in which all the arts combined on stage to create a ‘total’
theatre and in his emphasis on dance and colour symbolism.
9. Impact
In 1900 after Craig had developed as a set designer and director he worked
with a musician, Martin Shaw on a production of Dido and Aeneas that was
groundbreaking in its approach to stage design. Due to space limitations Craig
was able to depart from the elaborate, realist traditions of Victorian stagecraft
and experiment with simper abstract stage design. His theories on production
heralded the 20th century's preoccupation with directors' theatre but he was
to have more effect in Europe than in the UK. Craig himself said in 1908 that
his work would not come into its own until the years 1960 to 2000, he was
right and it wasn't until the 1950's that his influence was to have a substantial
effect on theatre design in this country. In 1956, Kenneth Tynan wrote of
Craig 'Although he is eighty-four years old and has published little for a
quarter of a century, Gordon Craig is still several lengths ahead of the
theatrical avant-garde. Ideas that he expounded fifty years ago, in his
breathless poetic prose, are nowadays bearing fruit all over Europe.' Over the
years Craig's ideas have influenced such diverse practitioners as Stanislavsky,
Reinhardt, Meyerhold and Brecht and to this day they still have great impact
on so many designers and practitioners .
10. Problems
Like his friend and collaborator, Stanislavski, Craig was intent on capturing ‘pure
emotion’ in the plays on which he worked, which of course is a challenge to any
accomplished actor. Presenting real emotion onstage is one of the more demanding
feats of performance, and often if not done well will lead to poor quality melodrama.
Also, his fondess for realism gives little room for exploration beyond the plays set
narratives and ideas. Although at the time theatre of this quality was rare and thefore
highly acclaimed, today the collaboratos of the theatre world are often seeking
something more. The ‘illusion’ is becoming less essential, and theatre’s evolution is
leading to ideas such as direct communication with your audience, abstraction,
expressionism and exploration. Theatre today is not always about the story, and
Craig’s ideas would be constricting for the creative processes that are developing now
through many companies.
In terms of theatre design Craig’s ideas were often overly zealous, such as his
complicated lighting ideas, and the concept of moving scenery. With the technologies
available at the time these were often difficult to implicate. Supported by instances
such as this it is clear that is mind was often ahead of his times.
11. What impact do these ideas have upon your own
thinking about theatre?
As students studying Theatrical Design we felt that Craig’s work
was a good example of how the boudaries can be pushed in the
field. Although many of his ideas were difficult to implicate they
were fresh and original, and could motivate our own approach.
In terms of performance we agreed that the idea of the
marionette was an intriguing one. As we have already seen in this
course, objects can say things sometimes that people cannot.
12. Sources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gordon_Craig#Further_reading
http://www.victorianweb.org/mt/craig.html
‘Craig on Theatre’ Edited by J. Michael Walton, Methuen, 1983
‘Edward Gordon Craig and ‘The Pretenders’; A Production Revised’ by Frederick J.
Marker and Lise-Lone Marker, Southern Iooinois University Press, 1981
‘Edward Gordon Craig; A Vision of Theatre’, Christopher Innes, 1998, Routledge
Craig on Theatre edited by J.Micheal Walton
The Black Figures of Edward Gordon Craig, With an unpublished essay by Edward Gordon
Craig, Presented with Introduction and Documentation by L.M.Newman
www.perspicacity.goose24.org/20033152323.shtml
www.citycol.com/perfdesn/Appia%20and%20Craig.htm
www.peopleplayuk.org.uk
Index to the story of my days, Edward Gordon Craig
Edward Gordon Craig, Victoria and Albert Museum by George Nash