The document summarizes Pakistan's 1972 education policy announced after the PPP came into power. Key points: - It aimed to provide free and universal education up to class 10. Privately managed schools and colleges were nationalized. - Primary education would be made free in phases, reaching class 5-8 by 1974 and 9-10 by 1980. Additional classrooms would be built. - Secondary, technical, and higher education would be expanded and reformed. More teachers would be trained and universities established. - Adult literacy programs and special education for disabilities were emphasized. The policy aimed to improve access, quality and relevance of education.

2. Irshad Ali
M.Phil Education
Hamdard University

3.  The new Government of Pakistan People Party (PPP)
came into power at federal in December 1971
 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto became prime minister & Abdul
Hafiz Pirzada appointed as federal minister of education
 New education policy was designed and announced in
29th March 1972
 In most aspects the NEP of 1969 &1972 were same.

4.  Nationalization of privately managed Institution
 Free and Universal education
 Compulsory Education
 Free Elementary education
 Integration of science and technical education
 Teacher training and Science Education
 Special education
 Improvement of the quality education with emphasis on the
skill training
 Emphasis of Technical education

5.  All privately managed colleges nationalized from 1st September
1972
 All privately managed schools nationalized in a phase manner from
1st October with a period of 2 year
 No compensation was paid to the manager of these institutions
 The teachers have been nationalized too but service terms and
conditions were under discussion

6. o Education will be free and universal up to class X to all children through
out the country.
o Due to limited resources target will be achieved two phases.
 In the first phase ,from 1st october ,1972,education up to class Viii will be
made free foe boys and girls.
o In the 2nd phase starting from 1st October,1974 free education will be
extend to class Ix & X in all schools.
o To accommodate the increased enrolment 38000 additional rooms for
primary classes and 23000 rooms for middle classes would be constructed

7. provision of free education up to class X (Already made free
up to class eight from 1st October 1972, from 1st October
1974 up to class 10th )
Up to G-V Up to G-VIII Up to G-X
Boys 1979 1982 1985
Girls 1982 1987 1990
Enrollment 48% 20% 8% (4 to 8HT)
Classroom 30K 23K 1.6 to 3.6 HT

8.  It will be direct responsibilities on parents to send their
children to school it entails an immediate obligation on the
part of the government to proved facilities for their
schooling.
 Secondary education, as stated earlier in the policy, would be
made free which would provide access to secondary
education to children from the less privileged families.
 By 1980, it was estimated that the enrolment from the
present 10 percent would be doubled both in secondary and
intermediate levels.

9.  From 1st October ,1972 education in class I-VIII will be free in
both Government and Privately –managed throughout country.
 It is anticipated that primary education will become universal for
boys by 1979 and girls by 1984.
 This mean will an increase in enrolment in primary classes of
approxmately 50lacs children by 1980,raising the total enrolment
from the present 46 lacs to an estimated 96 lac over the period.
 Buildings to accommodate the increase enrolments 38000
additional classrooms for primary classes will be constructed to
provide schools within easy walking distance from children homes.
 In addition ,23000 classrooms will be constructed for class VI to
Class VIII.

10.  Textbooks and writing materials will be provided free to
primary school children according to a phased program.
 Adequate library books educational toys and others
audiovisual will be provided to all schools
 Radio sets will be provided to all schools.

11.  Efforts will be made develop such attitude to students of
elementary stage as create in them motivation for productive
service for the welfare of the community.
 This will be done by organizing student squad for various
tasks under the provision of their teachers.
 Dignity of labor will be emphazed and school study will be to
social needs.
 Workshops will be provided progressively in all middle school.

12.  Education in class IX and X will be made free in all schools
from October,1974.
 This will provide ready access to secondary education to
children from less- privileged families particularly those of
peasant and workers.
 Percentage of youth enrolled at present only 8% of the
youth of secondary and intermediate age attend secondary
schools and colleges in Pakistan.

13.  Science and technical education will be integrated.
 In the past the general tendency has been to established
separate institution for technical education
 The new program will be provide for progressive integration
of science technical education.
 For science teaching ,2200 additions units at the
matriculation stage and 700 units at the intermediate stage
will be established .
 Education will be introduced as an elective subject at the
matriculation, intermediate degree level.

14.  150,000 teachers will be trained.
 75,000 teachers will be recruited.
 The 1972 Education policy identify 40 millions adults
illiterates in the country and declared that massive literacy
program will be undertaking every town , village and literacy
center will be established all over country in schools ,
factories,farms,union councal hall and other community
places.

15.  Handicrafts children education committee will be
established by the education councils in each province.
 They will be responsible for education ,
protection,care,rehabilation and employment of the physical
and mentally handicapped

16.  At present only 2% of the population of the relevant age-
group enrolled in the institutions of the higher education in
the country.
 In Pakistan only ,175 students per lacs of population are
undergoing higher education.
 To Improve this position,100,000 additional places will be
created in institutions of higher education by 1980.
 New universities will be established progressively to cover all
parts of the country.
 To start with , new universities will be established at Multan
,saidu sharif and Sukkur.

17.  Jamia Islamia Bhawal pur will be converted into full –fledged
university
 Establishment a University Grant Commission now are called HEC
 Federal Govt spend Rs 860/students/year
 Establishment of medical college attached to Baluchistan
university (Bolan Medical College)
 Raised agriculture college Tandojam, NED Engineering College
Karachi, Engineering College Jamshoro to the status of University
 Establishment of Centers of Excellence & Area Study Centers

18. CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE & AREA STUDY CENTERS
University Center of Excellence Area of Study
Punjab Solid state Physics & Math South Asia
Karachi Marine Biology Europe
Sindh Analytical Chemistry South East Asia
Peshawar Geology
Balochistan Minerology Middle East & Arab
Countries

19.  National professorship( Highly qualify scholar, scientific )
 National research fellowship (facilities and financial suport
their research work)
 Peoples Open University (Part Time education, seminars)
 Book Bank/National Book Foundation.

20.  The existing schools will be converted into school for
talented children at least one school for each district and
separate school for girls0
 Each school will be provide residential facilaties

21. S.No. Policies components
1 1972, 2010 Free and compulsory education; free and universal
education up to 10th
class;
universal primary education; and meet the basic
educational needs to
everyone.
2 1959, 1972,
1979, 1992
Equal rights for boys and girls; equality in education;
separate setup for males
and females; and improvement in women education.
3 1959, 1972,
2009-2015
Character building; personality development; and
education for practical life/
labour market.
4 1970, 1972 Ideological orientation; and promotion of ideology of
Pakistan. Science and technology education: linking

22.  Low economic rate, and
 wars between Pakistan and India.