The purposes of this study were: i) Developing strategic management of
education and training online tutorial; ii) Testing the feasibility of strategic
management of education and training online tutorial; iii) Finding out the
obstacles in strategic management of education and training online tutorial
development process; and iv) Finding the solutions in overcoming obstacles
in developing strategic management of education and training online tutorial.
This developmental research used the analysis, design, development,
implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model and involved second year
students of the faculty of teacher training and education in the Kupang
Region, Indonesia. The instruments used in this study were: i) Validation
guidelines for online tutorial material and supporting instruments; ii)
Students’ self-directed learning questionnaire; and iii) Online tutorial
formative test questions. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential
statistical test. The results show that the online tutorial: i) Fulfilled the aspect
of validity in the excellent category; ii) Fulfilled the effectiveness aspect in
the good category; iii) Limitations of the source, difficulties in compacting
the content of material and developing discussion questions are the obstacles
in developing the online tutorial; and iv) The solutions are (utilize
Universitas Terbuka (UT)'s open educational resources (OER), make
concept maps, and keep practicing to make question samples and consult the
questions made to the experts).
E-teaching is an innovative teaching strategy
using the e-learning technology to empower both learners and
teachers thus providing opportunities for superior learning
experiences. The study enhances the education practice of those
teachers handling different graduate programs specifically
those offered by Lyceum of the Philippines University -
Batangas. This study focused on assessing and analyzing the
different important factors pertaining to the readiness and
inclination of the teachers. This involves introduction of
e-teaching on the part of the teachers and e-learning on the part
of the graduate students to their respective programs of study.
The findings revealed that the graduate school teachers are
aware of their vital role in developing effective delivery of
instruction and their openness on the active participation in
conducting classes in an online learning environment. Also, the
university is ready to take the e-teaching program as a mode of
instruction for the Graduate School.
This study proposes to present a sample design of a flipped learning instructional model for teaching Islamic Studies course at an Indonesian higher education institution. A bottom-up flipped learning model was developed in this study, based on Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. A Learning Management System (LMS), Schoology, was employed as a platform to share pre-class video lectures for student learning activities outside-of-class. Three main activities proposed by the researchers outside of the class activities, namely, Watching, Summarizing, and Notetaking (WSN), whereas give and take conversation is the main class activity. This study implies that the bottom-up flipped learning model could potentially be implemented for teaching Islamic studies course in Indonesian higher education institutions, with the aim of fostering students' highest level of cognitive domains and independent learning skills. This study has implications for the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education and the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia or policymakers to consider the flipped classroom as a contemporary teaching model for teaching Islamic studies course and other subjects at any in Indonesian higher education institutions.
Adoption of technology on E-learning effectivenessjournalBEEI
The incorporation of E-learning in both private and public tertiary education can help expedite the learning process. The utilization of fast-paced technology with E-learning also allows for a more flexible and convenient learning process. E-learning platforms can be accessed anywhere as long as there is an internet connection, including at home, the workplace, restaurants or while travelling. This allows for the benefit of distance learning. As such, the current study aims to examine the factor effectiveness of E-learning based on three variables, namely technology, instructors’ characteristics and students’ characteristics and their impact on distance learning. The education system has greatly evolved from the use of apparatus such as chalk and blackboards to the modern use of projectors to conduct lessons. In the current age, E-learning will have an effect on both instructors and teaching technology, aside from the students themselves. As an example, students are expected to know how to utilize these systems in their lessons, instructors must receive training in E-learning systems management and in terms of technology, the E-learning systems must be updated and operated using the most recent upgrades. E-learning is also cost-efficient, less time consuming and reduces the burden on both students and educators.
This research is based on the problem of the outbreak of the coronavirus
which has become a global pandemic and a national disaster. The purpose of
this study was to describe the perceptions of lecturers and students on online
learning problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected
with the help of questionnaires. This quantitative descriptive study was
conducted among lectures and students who selectedd randomly. Data
analysis used a Likert scale and the results of perceptions used descriptive
analysis. The results of the study show that the perceptions of lecturers and
students on online learning problems during the pandemic consisted of six
aspects (lecture plans, online lecture activities, online lecture recording and
evaluation, lecture assistance services, and lecture support facilities).
Furthermore, it can be agreed that effective online learning occurs due to the
interaction of students and lecturers as well as technology connected
to education.
Online teaching at China’s universities during COVID-19AI Publications
With the rapid popularization of Internet technology, the traditional teaching mode in colleges has been unable to meet the current teaching needs. How to make better use of Internet technology to realize online and offline mixed teaching during the epidemic is an important issue. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting online learning. Our results demonstrated that self-control, course interest, teacher’s teaching style and method, and teaching platform are essential factors affecting online learning.
As universities shifted to online education with the onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, both pedagogy and assessment patterns across disciplines underwent a change, with a shift towards collaborative digital assessments. In this context, using qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection from an assessment conducted for 55 students who worked in groups to create YouTube videos on pre-selected modules, our analysis reveals that this assessment tool had a significant impact on peer learning, motivation and group dynamics. Students were more motivated to learn and share their learning, and they could also successfully engage in recognising and addressing group dynamics, thereby cultivating more than just subject knowledge. This finding aligns with existing scholarship and the paper adds to research about pedagogy and assessment via digital education in the Indian context, which is still upcoming.
This paper represents an investigation into teachers barriers towards the use of E-curricula in teaching Arabic language. It explores questions about the approaches to teaching and the motivations of using E-curricula. The main research method used was semi structured interviews. Many factors were found to influence the use of E-curricula, some of them were surprising and revealing. An unwillingness to challenge or change traditional teaching methods can be assured. These findings contribute to a better-informed appreciation of the state of teaching as well as E-curricula in basic stage schools in Jordan.
E-teaching is an innovative teaching strategy
using the e-learning technology to empower both learners and
teachers thus providing opportunities for superior learning
experiences. The study enhances the education practice of those
teachers handling different graduate programs specifically
those offered by Lyceum of the Philippines University -
Batangas. This study focused on assessing and analyzing the
different important factors pertaining to the readiness and
inclination of the teachers. This involves introduction of
e-teaching on the part of the teachers and e-learning on the part
of the graduate students to their respective programs of study.
The findings revealed that the graduate school teachers are
aware of their vital role in developing effective delivery of
instruction and their openness on the active participation in
conducting classes in an online learning environment. Also, the
university is ready to take the e-teaching program as a mode of
instruction for the Graduate School.
This study proposes to present a sample design of a flipped learning instructional model for teaching Islamic Studies course at an Indonesian higher education institution. A bottom-up flipped learning model was developed in this study, based on Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. A Learning Management System (LMS), Schoology, was employed as a platform to share pre-class video lectures for student learning activities outside-of-class. Three main activities proposed by the researchers outside of the class activities, namely, Watching, Summarizing, and Notetaking (WSN), whereas give and take conversation is the main class activity. This study implies that the bottom-up flipped learning model could potentially be implemented for teaching Islamic studies course in Indonesian higher education institutions, with the aim of fostering students' highest level of cognitive domains and independent learning skills. This study has implications for the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education and the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia or policymakers to consider the flipped classroom as a contemporary teaching model for teaching Islamic studies course and other subjects at any in Indonesian higher education institutions.
Adoption of technology on E-learning effectivenessjournalBEEI
The incorporation of E-learning in both private and public tertiary education can help expedite the learning process. The utilization of fast-paced technology with E-learning also allows for a more flexible and convenient learning process. E-learning platforms can be accessed anywhere as long as there is an internet connection, including at home, the workplace, restaurants or while travelling. This allows for the benefit of distance learning. As such, the current study aims to examine the factor effectiveness of E-learning based on three variables, namely technology, instructors’ characteristics and students’ characteristics and their impact on distance learning. The education system has greatly evolved from the use of apparatus such as chalk and blackboards to the modern use of projectors to conduct lessons. In the current age, E-learning will have an effect on both instructors and teaching technology, aside from the students themselves. As an example, students are expected to know how to utilize these systems in their lessons, instructors must receive training in E-learning systems management and in terms of technology, the E-learning systems must be updated and operated using the most recent upgrades. E-learning is also cost-efficient, less time consuming and reduces the burden on both students and educators.
This research is based on the problem of the outbreak of the coronavirus
which has become a global pandemic and a national disaster. The purpose of
this study was to describe the perceptions of lecturers and students on online
learning problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected
with the help of questionnaires. This quantitative descriptive study was
conducted among lectures and students who selectedd randomly. Data
analysis used a Likert scale and the results of perceptions used descriptive
analysis. The results of the study show that the perceptions of lecturers and
students on online learning problems during the pandemic consisted of six
aspects (lecture plans, online lecture activities, online lecture recording and
evaluation, lecture assistance services, and lecture support facilities).
Furthermore, it can be agreed that effective online learning occurs due to the
interaction of students and lecturers as well as technology connected
to education.
Online teaching at China’s universities during COVID-19AI Publications
With the rapid popularization of Internet technology, the traditional teaching mode in colleges has been unable to meet the current teaching needs. How to make better use of Internet technology to realize online and offline mixed teaching during the epidemic is an important issue. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting online learning. Our results demonstrated that self-control, course interest, teacher’s teaching style and method, and teaching platform are essential factors affecting online learning.
As universities shifted to online education with the onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, both pedagogy and assessment patterns across disciplines underwent a change, with a shift towards collaborative digital assessments. In this context, using qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection from an assessment conducted for 55 students who worked in groups to create YouTube videos on pre-selected modules, our analysis reveals that this assessment tool had a significant impact on peer learning, motivation and group dynamics. Students were more motivated to learn and share their learning, and they could also successfully engage in recognising and addressing group dynamics, thereby cultivating more than just subject knowledge. This finding aligns with existing scholarship and the paper adds to research about pedagogy and assessment via digital education in the Indian context, which is still upcoming.
This paper represents an investigation into teachers barriers towards the use of E-curricula in teaching Arabic language. It explores questions about the approaches to teaching and the motivations of using E-curricula. The main research method used was semi structured interviews. Many factors were found to influence the use of E-curricula, some of them were surprising and revealing. An unwillingness to challenge or change traditional teaching methods can be assured. These findings contribute to a better-informed appreciation of the state of teaching as well as E-curricula in basic stage schools in Jordan.
Affective e-learning approaches, technology and implementation model: a syste...IJECEIAES
A systematic literature study including articles from 2016 to 2022 was done to evaluate the various approaches, technologies, and implementation models involved in measuring student engagement during learning. The review’s objective was to compile and analyze all studies that investigated how instructors can gauge students’ mental states while teaching and assess the most effective teaching methods. Additionally, it aims to extract and assess expanded methodologies from chosen research publications to offer suggestions and answers to researchers and practitioners. Planning, carrying out the analysis, and publishing the results have all received significant attention in the research approach. The study’s findings indicate that more needs to be done to evaluate student participation objectively and follow their development for improved academic performance. Physiological approaches should be given more support among the alternatives. While deep learning implementation models and contactless technology should interest more researchers. And, the recommender system should be integrated into e-learning system. Other approaches, technologies, and methodology articles, on the other hand, lacked authenticity in conveying student feeling.
This exploratory study was aimed at evaluating a module on the basis of the constructivist learning strategies to enhance the students’ motivation in Statistics learning. The design and development followed the Universal Design of Learning principles. The design included flexible instructional materials, techniques, and strategies for differentiating instruction which benefited the students of English Education Department taking the Statistics course. The study used a survey covering of 33 students. The students’ and teacher’ responses to questionnaires revealed that the students’ motivation and satisfaction increased toward the Statistics course in which Universal Design of Learning using various means of representation, action, and engagement was applied. It also suggested that the module was effective and that the Universal Design of Learning Model from the learners’ viewpoint put more emphasis on instruction. Its content was suitable in designing and developing module on Statistics in the higher educational context in Indonesia. The study results are expected to reveal information on how to further improve the Statistics teaching and learning quality. The implications of the research are provided along with suggestions.
Using a VLE to Enhance Assessment for Learning Mathematics in School ScectorIJMIT JOURNAL
This paper investigates the use of VLE in enhancing or supporting assessment for learning mathematics by the KS4 students with special education needs in the London borough secondary school. The main challenge in teaching and learning of mathematics is to provide the special education needs students with extensive support structure that is associated with their subject area. As part of continuous teaching and learning, many schools in the UK have embraced Assessment for learning as an effective and efficient way of providing students, their teachers and their home schools with feedback and feed forward. A virtual learning environment (VLE), which is an electronic system, provides online interaction of various kinds that can take place between learners and tutors, including online learning and assessment [1]. A VLE as a platform for teaching and learning supports assessment for learning (AfL), encourages personalised and collaborative learning, enabling students to carry out peer and self assessment of mathematics course within a unified supportive environment online. Evidence from literature suggests that VLE supports out of school hours of learning, and that the special education needs learners who do not respond well to the formal structure of learning within the school system take an active part in learning in informal settings. The finding presents key issues related to mathematics teaching and assessment for learning using a VLE, based on the perspectives of the special education needs (SENs) students in the school sector. The students who received in-class feedback and feed-forward during mathematics lesson, and through the VLE (Fronter) platform, moved their learning forward and much quicker when compared with students who only received feedback in class. Correspondingly, the instant feedback provided by a VLE after the Observation stage was greatly valued by the SENs students who used this period to take greater responsibility for personal learning. In general, the finding suggests that a VLE effectively enhances assessment for Learning by offering instant feedback and feed-forward to the SENs students who, now began to take responsibility for their own learning, and have also been motivated to correct their work. Furthermore, evidence of teacher – student interactivity which facilitates greater understanding of mathematical concepts is highlighted by the study.
EFL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE USE OF E-LEARNINGAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the era of digital development, electronic learning (e-learning) has been widely employed in
varied fields, including education. Specifically, e-learning has been used as one of the means of instruction and
interaction between lecturers and students in many educational institutions. A quantitative research method was
used to explore the perceptions of 60 students pursuing an English major at a university in the Mekong Delta
towards the use of e-learning for their study. Four main aspects of e-learning were examined, including
perceived usefulness, perceived self-efficacy of using the e-learning system, perceived ease of use, and
behavioral intention. The quantitative data were collected through an online questionnaire. The results showed
that students express a positive perception towards the e-learning system and the most noticeable outcome is
that e-learning gives them the flexibility and the use of online materials for their self-study. Students expressed
their confidence and skills in using the e-learning system. Nevertheless, it is proposed that there should be more
training sessions and instructions on how to find information and interact through the e-learning system
effectively so that their learning performance is enhanced. Recommendations are made to universities, lecturers,
and students to make the e-learning process more successful.
KEYWORDS: E-learning, English major, perceptions
A transition in learning model implementation occurred in higher education
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning answers the needs of longdistance
learning. However, not all higher education institutions are
thoroughly prepared for online learning. Therefore, this study aimed to
understand the online learning experience at higher education institutions
from the perspectives of multigenerational teaching staff. This study utilized
mixed-method research through a quantitative and qualitative study. A total
of 93 participants; male (n=40) and female (n=57) teaching staff filled out a
research questionnaire consisting of closed and open questions about online
learning. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative
thematic analysis. The results indicated positive and negative contributions
of the online learning process that affect the effectiveness of online learning
according to multigenerational teaching staff perspectives. These findings
contribute to the global discussion about the online learning process in
higher education and recommend the usage of online learning for teaching
staff across generations, complemented with an effective instructional design
that would help provide a rigorous learning environment.
Instructional media functioning to deliver the lesson has a very important role. There are a lot of instructional media used in learning process; one of those is interactive multimedia. This study aims to find out students response toward game based interactive media as instructional media in elementary school. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative. The sample in this study was 10 students 5th grade elementary school. The data collecting methods were interview, observation and questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using interactive analysis consist of data collecting, data reduction, data presenting and conclusion. The result of this study shows that the student gave a good response toward game-based interactive multimedia. The students like and support the use of game based interactive multimedia as instructional media. Students felt that it was easier to understand lesson because the lesson was delivered not only through text, but also picture, audio, video and animation. The game in interactive media make the student be entertained and active in learning process. It is suggested that the teacher cooperate with the expert in education technology to improve interactive multimedia as interaction media.
Design and Implementation Multimedia Learning Success for Vocational Schools IJECEIAES
This research aims to design a web-based multimedia applications, interactive learning, in order to improve the learning outcomes of students, especially students of Vocational High School. Multimedia Learning has been designed with some additional content in the form of applications: decision support system for multimedia usage based on Model of Multimedia Learning Success. The population obtained from respondents vocational school in Central Java, which is already implementing multimedia learning. The method used is qualitative analysis in the form of: the development of multimedia learning integrated with decision support systems. Design and implementation of multimedia learning success system that is abbreviated "Sikemuning". Sikemuning can be used to measure or provide guidance for teachers in the use of multimedia. Interviews with several respondents teachers from vocational schools in Central Java showed that: the system success multimedia learning developed in this study can be used as feedback to assess the success and effectiveness of the implementation of learning activities, multimedia learning can improve the performance and intelligence of vocational school students.
Blended learning strategies vary according to the discipline, the year level, student characteristics and learning outcomes, and have a student-centred approach to the learning design. Blended learning can increase access and flexibility for learners, increase level of active learning, and achieve better student experiences and outcomes.
Educational and Technological Standards of Educational Software Based on Inte...iosrjce
This research aims This research aimed to provide good standards for the design and development of
educational software based on the Internet, which could benefit the organizers of the design and development of
educational software, from the point of view of educational technology lecturers, and educational software
designers at Al-Aqsa University Gaza-Palestine. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method during
the application of research on a sample of specialized lecturers in education technology. The researchers
designed the study tool in the form of a questionnaire. Its validity and reliability has been verified. Researchers
have achieved a list of educational and technological standards of educational software based on internet.
The quality improvement of human resources in the society 5.0 era in the 21st century is closely related to technology, and one of the ways this can be achieved is by using YouTube. Therefore, this research determined the differences in student cognitive learning outcomes and critical thinking before and after applying the YouTube-assisted discovery model in German Language Education Study Program at Pattimura University, Indonesia. A pseudo-experiment a pretest and posttest unequal control group design was used to obtain 20 2nd semester students who took the course Strukturen und Wortschatz zur Aufbaustufe A2.1. Furthermore, the sample determination used a proportional sampling technique. Data collection was done using the instrument in the form of essays tests to determine the cognitive learning and critical thinking outcomes, questionnaire sheets, and interviews. The paired T-test showed a value of p=0.000<α=0.05, indicating significant differences in cognitive learning outcomes and critical thinking skills before and after applying the YouTube-assisted discovery learning model. This was confirmed by an increase in the cognitive test scores and critical thinking of students after applying the learning model. Therefore, the results can be applied to other concepts in German language learning.
In this paper, the author provides insights and lessons that can be learned from colleagues at American universities about their online education experiences. The literature review and previous studies of online educations gains are explored and summarized in this research. Emerging trends in online education are discussed in detail, and strategies to implement these trends are explained. The author provides several tools and strategies that enable universities to ensure the quality of online education. At the end of this research paper, the researcher provides examples from Arab universities who have successfully implemented online education and expanded their impact on the society. This research provides a strategy and a model that can be used by universities in the Middle East as a roadmap to implement online education in their regions.
A Management Approach of an E-Tutoring Program for High School StudentsIJMIT JOURNAL
The inclusion of e-tutoring programs to support secondary school students is an international practice that is reinforced by both the education policies of the Ministries of Education and the potential of technology. The operation and management of the relevant programs is a challenging process, as the goal is to effectively support students and improve their learning. In the present work, the management approach of an e-tutoring program that operates from the school year 2012-2013 is presented. The approach includes a) the presentation of the processes through which the e-tutoring program is carried out, b) the information systems for monitoring the progress of its operation, such as students’ participation, the duration of their participation, their learning needs, the correlation with their performance and c) the etutors’ training procedures. In addition, practices are emerging that offer a comprehensive monitoring framework, which favors the proper functioning and further development, as well as the increasing participation of students.
A MANAGEMENT APPROACH OF AN E-TUTORING PROGRAM FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTSIJMIT JOURNAL
The inclusion of e-tutoring programs to support secondary school students is an international practice that is reinforced by both the education policies of the Ministries of Education and the potential of technology. The operation and management of the relevant programs is a challenging process, as the goal is to effectively support students and improve their learning. In the present work, the management approach of an e-tutoring program that operates from the school year 2012-2013 is presented. The approach includes a) the presentation of the processes through which the e-tutoring program is carried out, b) the information systems for monitoring the progress of its operation, such as students’ participation, the duration of their participation, their learning needs, the correlation with their performance and c) the etutors’ training procedures. In addition, practices are emerging that offer a comprehensive monitoring framework, which favors the proper functioning and further development, as well as the increasing participation of students.
This research aims to investigate social science education students’
preparedness before they attend problem-based hybrid learning (PBHL).
This research is quantitative research with an explorative survey method
conducted on college students taking Social Science Education Program in
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. The
participant of this study were 118 students, subsisting of 32 male and 86
female students. This research used a questionnaire with a 1-4 Likert scale as
an instrument to measure students’ readiness, weighted from their
motivation, prospective behavior, and information and communication
technolog (ICT) skills. The data collection process was carried out through
Google Form in April 2020. This research used descriptive quantitative
analysis to discover students’ preparedness and one-way ANOVA to identify
the effect of gender type to the students’ preparation in PBHL. The results of
this research show that social science education students’ preparedness
(motivation, prospective behavior, and ICT skills) in PBHL is classified
high, namely in the B+ category. Furthermore, the gender type has no
significant effect on students’ preparedness for PBHL (p>0.05).
Recommendation based on the research result is the university has to
facilitate easy internet access, such as by accelerating the bandwidth, internet
connection, and promote other policies that support PBHL.
Value clarification technique (VCT) and teaching and contextual learning (CTL) are learning models that are rarely compared in history learning. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find: i) The differences in student learning outcomes using the VCT model and the CTL learning model; ii) Differences in student learning outcomes between the use of the VCT learning model and CTL learning model for students who have high learning motivation; iii) Differences in learning outcomes between the use of VCT and CTL learning models for students who have low learning motivation; and iv) The interaction effect between the use of learning models and students' learning motivation on learning outcomes. This study employed a quasi-experimental quantitative approach with a 2×2 factorial design. The data analysis technique used a two-way analysis of variance at a significance level (α) of 0.05. The population in this study was all students of class X of social science (IPS). The study's research showed that: i) There were significant differences in learning outcomes between students who used the VCT and CTL learning models; ii) There were differences in learning outcomes between the used of the VCT and CTL learning models for students who have high learning motivation; iii) There were differences in learning outcomes between the used of the VCT and CTL learning models for students who have low learning motivation; and iv) The used of the VCT and CTL learning models for students with high learning motivation was associated with better learning outcomes.
This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to investigate the potential of digital online game-based learning (DOGBL) to enhance motivation in English as a foreign language (EFL). Online gaming has grown in popularity among students, opening up the possibility of using games as powerful instructional resources. Academic achievement depends on motivation, and this study, led by self-determination theory (SDT), explored how external rules, like rewards and recognition, could increase motivation in EFL utilizing DOGBL. The study used the SLR method, examining databases and choosing articles based on predetermined criteria. The chosen publications were examined in-depth, and a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) diagram was employed for analysis. For results, DOGBL could enhance teaching EFL by providing flexible and interesting learning environments. Key elements in motivating in DOGBL included game design, personalization, social engagement, curricular integration, and instructor assistance. As a promising method to improve EFL instruction, game-based learning, especially DOGBL, saw considerable developments between 2018 and 2023. Thus, these ground-breaking techniques transformed the way people learn English vocabulary and provided a fun and engaging way to learn the language. For educators and students, the potential for DOGBL to change EFL education is still exciting as technology develops.
The development of postmodern-era technology in the world of education is increasingly sophisticated, thus impacting the character of students and their social environment. Technological progress negatively affects the lives of today's generation. When misuse of technology is widespread, it is imperative to strengthen cultural and religious filtration. So that the influence of globalization on technological development can be minimized. So as not to damage the cultural values and morality of students as the next generation of the nation. This study aims to explain the importance of transforming the values of Bima's local wisdom "Nggusu Waru" through the media of social studies e-books. The results and conclusions of this study are efforts to develop students' social character that require teacher collaboration, supervision, and optimal parental attention so that their interest in learning is higher and minimizes deviant behavior. This research method uses research and development design. At the stage of preliminary studies with models developed by Borg and Gall. Through several stages of research, information gathering, development of initial forms of products, and initial field testing. In this step, data is collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data is analyzed to find out some of its weaknesses and shortcomings.
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Affective e-learning approaches, technology and implementation model: a syste...IJECEIAES
A systematic literature study including articles from 2016 to 2022 was done to evaluate the various approaches, technologies, and implementation models involved in measuring student engagement during learning. The review’s objective was to compile and analyze all studies that investigated how instructors can gauge students’ mental states while teaching and assess the most effective teaching methods. Additionally, it aims to extract and assess expanded methodologies from chosen research publications to offer suggestions and answers to researchers and practitioners. Planning, carrying out the analysis, and publishing the results have all received significant attention in the research approach. The study’s findings indicate that more needs to be done to evaluate student participation objectively and follow their development for improved academic performance. Physiological approaches should be given more support among the alternatives. While deep learning implementation models and contactless technology should interest more researchers. And, the recommender system should be integrated into e-learning system. Other approaches, technologies, and methodology articles, on the other hand, lacked authenticity in conveying student feeling.
This exploratory study was aimed at evaluating a module on the basis of the constructivist learning strategies to enhance the students’ motivation in Statistics learning. The design and development followed the Universal Design of Learning principles. The design included flexible instructional materials, techniques, and strategies for differentiating instruction which benefited the students of English Education Department taking the Statistics course. The study used a survey covering of 33 students. The students’ and teacher’ responses to questionnaires revealed that the students’ motivation and satisfaction increased toward the Statistics course in which Universal Design of Learning using various means of representation, action, and engagement was applied. It also suggested that the module was effective and that the Universal Design of Learning Model from the learners’ viewpoint put more emphasis on instruction. Its content was suitable in designing and developing module on Statistics in the higher educational context in Indonesia. The study results are expected to reveal information on how to further improve the Statistics teaching and learning quality. The implications of the research are provided along with suggestions.
Using a VLE to Enhance Assessment for Learning Mathematics in School ScectorIJMIT JOURNAL
This paper investigates the use of VLE in enhancing or supporting assessment for learning mathematics by the KS4 students with special education needs in the London borough secondary school. The main challenge in teaching and learning of mathematics is to provide the special education needs students with extensive support structure that is associated with their subject area. As part of continuous teaching and learning, many schools in the UK have embraced Assessment for learning as an effective and efficient way of providing students, their teachers and their home schools with feedback and feed forward. A virtual learning environment (VLE), which is an electronic system, provides online interaction of various kinds that can take place between learners and tutors, including online learning and assessment [1]. A VLE as a platform for teaching and learning supports assessment for learning (AfL), encourages personalised and collaborative learning, enabling students to carry out peer and self assessment of mathematics course within a unified supportive environment online. Evidence from literature suggests that VLE supports out of school hours of learning, and that the special education needs learners who do not respond well to the formal structure of learning within the school system take an active part in learning in informal settings. The finding presents key issues related to mathematics teaching and assessment for learning using a VLE, based on the perspectives of the special education needs (SENs) students in the school sector. The students who received in-class feedback and feed-forward during mathematics lesson, and through the VLE (Fronter) platform, moved their learning forward and much quicker when compared with students who only received feedback in class. Correspondingly, the instant feedback provided by a VLE after the Observation stage was greatly valued by the SENs students who used this period to take greater responsibility for personal learning. In general, the finding suggests that a VLE effectively enhances assessment for Learning by offering instant feedback and feed-forward to the SENs students who, now began to take responsibility for their own learning, and have also been motivated to correct their work. Furthermore, evidence of teacher – student interactivity which facilitates greater understanding of mathematical concepts is highlighted by the study.
EFL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE USE OF E-LEARNINGAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the era of digital development, electronic learning (e-learning) has been widely employed in
varied fields, including education. Specifically, e-learning has been used as one of the means of instruction and
interaction between lecturers and students in many educational institutions. A quantitative research method was
used to explore the perceptions of 60 students pursuing an English major at a university in the Mekong Delta
towards the use of e-learning for their study. Four main aspects of e-learning were examined, including
perceived usefulness, perceived self-efficacy of using the e-learning system, perceived ease of use, and
behavioral intention. The quantitative data were collected through an online questionnaire. The results showed
that students express a positive perception towards the e-learning system and the most noticeable outcome is
that e-learning gives them the flexibility and the use of online materials for their self-study. Students expressed
their confidence and skills in using the e-learning system. Nevertheless, it is proposed that there should be more
training sessions and instructions on how to find information and interact through the e-learning system
effectively so that their learning performance is enhanced. Recommendations are made to universities, lecturers,
and students to make the e-learning process more successful.
KEYWORDS: E-learning, English major, perceptions
A transition in learning model implementation occurred in higher education
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning answers the needs of longdistance
learning. However, not all higher education institutions are
thoroughly prepared for online learning. Therefore, this study aimed to
understand the online learning experience at higher education institutions
from the perspectives of multigenerational teaching staff. This study utilized
mixed-method research through a quantitative and qualitative study. A total
of 93 participants; male (n=40) and female (n=57) teaching staff filled out a
research questionnaire consisting of closed and open questions about online
learning. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative
thematic analysis. The results indicated positive and negative contributions
of the online learning process that affect the effectiveness of online learning
according to multigenerational teaching staff perspectives. These findings
contribute to the global discussion about the online learning process in
higher education and recommend the usage of online learning for teaching
staff across generations, complemented with an effective instructional design
that would help provide a rigorous learning environment.
Instructional media functioning to deliver the lesson has a very important role. There are a lot of instructional media used in learning process; one of those is interactive multimedia. This study aims to find out students response toward game based interactive media as instructional media in elementary school. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative. The sample in this study was 10 students 5th grade elementary school. The data collecting methods were interview, observation and questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using interactive analysis consist of data collecting, data reduction, data presenting and conclusion. The result of this study shows that the student gave a good response toward game-based interactive multimedia. The students like and support the use of game based interactive multimedia as instructional media. Students felt that it was easier to understand lesson because the lesson was delivered not only through text, but also picture, audio, video and animation. The game in interactive media make the student be entertained and active in learning process. It is suggested that the teacher cooperate with the expert in education technology to improve interactive multimedia as interaction media.
Design and Implementation Multimedia Learning Success for Vocational Schools IJECEIAES
This research aims to design a web-based multimedia applications, interactive learning, in order to improve the learning outcomes of students, especially students of Vocational High School. Multimedia Learning has been designed with some additional content in the form of applications: decision support system for multimedia usage based on Model of Multimedia Learning Success. The population obtained from respondents vocational school in Central Java, which is already implementing multimedia learning. The method used is qualitative analysis in the form of: the development of multimedia learning integrated with decision support systems. Design and implementation of multimedia learning success system that is abbreviated "Sikemuning". Sikemuning can be used to measure or provide guidance for teachers in the use of multimedia. Interviews with several respondents teachers from vocational schools in Central Java showed that: the system success multimedia learning developed in this study can be used as feedback to assess the success and effectiveness of the implementation of learning activities, multimedia learning can improve the performance and intelligence of vocational school students.
Blended learning strategies vary according to the discipline, the year level, student characteristics and learning outcomes, and have a student-centred approach to the learning design. Blended learning can increase access and flexibility for learners, increase level of active learning, and achieve better student experiences and outcomes.
Educational and Technological Standards of Educational Software Based on Inte...iosrjce
This research aims This research aimed to provide good standards for the design and development of
educational software based on the Internet, which could benefit the organizers of the design and development of
educational software, from the point of view of educational technology lecturers, and educational software
designers at Al-Aqsa University Gaza-Palestine. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method during
the application of research on a sample of specialized lecturers in education technology. The researchers
designed the study tool in the form of a questionnaire. Its validity and reliability has been verified. Researchers
have achieved a list of educational and technological standards of educational software based on internet.
The quality improvement of human resources in the society 5.0 era in the 21st century is closely related to technology, and one of the ways this can be achieved is by using YouTube. Therefore, this research determined the differences in student cognitive learning outcomes and critical thinking before and after applying the YouTube-assisted discovery model in German Language Education Study Program at Pattimura University, Indonesia. A pseudo-experiment a pretest and posttest unequal control group design was used to obtain 20 2nd semester students who took the course Strukturen und Wortschatz zur Aufbaustufe A2.1. Furthermore, the sample determination used a proportional sampling technique. Data collection was done using the instrument in the form of essays tests to determine the cognitive learning and critical thinking outcomes, questionnaire sheets, and interviews. The paired T-test showed a value of p=0.000<α=0.05, indicating significant differences in cognitive learning outcomes and critical thinking skills before and after applying the YouTube-assisted discovery learning model. This was confirmed by an increase in the cognitive test scores and critical thinking of students after applying the learning model. Therefore, the results can be applied to other concepts in German language learning.
In this paper, the author provides insights and lessons that can be learned from colleagues at American universities about their online education experiences. The literature review and previous studies of online educations gains are explored and summarized in this research. Emerging trends in online education are discussed in detail, and strategies to implement these trends are explained. The author provides several tools and strategies that enable universities to ensure the quality of online education. At the end of this research paper, the researcher provides examples from Arab universities who have successfully implemented online education and expanded their impact on the society. This research provides a strategy and a model that can be used by universities in the Middle East as a roadmap to implement online education in their regions.
A Management Approach of an E-Tutoring Program for High School StudentsIJMIT JOURNAL
The inclusion of e-tutoring programs to support secondary school students is an international practice that is reinforced by both the education policies of the Ministries of Education and the potential of technology. The operation and management of the relevant programs is a challenging process, as the goal is to effectively support students and improve their learning. In the present work, the management approach of an e-tutoring program that operates from the school year 2012-2013 is presented. The approach includes a) the presentation of the processes through which the e-tutoring program is carried out, b) the information systems for monitoring the progress of its operation, such as students’ participation, the duration of their participation, their learning needs, the correlation with their performance and c) the etutors’ training procedures. In addition, practices are emerging that offer a comprehensive monitoring framework, which favors the proper functioning and further development, as well as the increasing participation of students.
A MANAGEMENT APPROACH OF AN E-TUTORING PROGRAM FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTSIJMIT JOURNAL
The inclusion of e-tutoring programs to support secondary school students is an international practice that is reinforced by both the education policies of the Ministries of Education and the potential of technology. The operation and management of the relevant programs is a challenging process, as the goal is to effectively support students and improve their learning. In the present work, the management approach of an e-tutoring program that operates from the school year 2012-2013 is presented. The approach includes a) the presentation of the processes through which the e-tutoring program is carried out, b) the information systems for monitoring the progress of its operation, such as students’ participation, the duration of their participation, their learning needs, the correlation with their performance and c) the etutors’ training procedures. In addition, practices are emerging that offer a comprehensive monitoring framework, which favors the proper functioning and further development, as well as the increasing participation of students.
This research aims to investigate social science education students’
preparedness before they attend problem-based hybrid learning (PBHL).
This research is quantitative research with an explorative survey method
conducted on college students taking Social Science Education Program in
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. The
participant of this study were 118 students, subsisting of 32 male and 86
female students. This research used a questionnaire with a 1-4 Likert scale as
an instrument to measure students’ readiness, weighted from their
motivation, prospective behavior, and information and communication
technolog (ICT) skills. The data collection process was carried out through
Google Form in April 2020. This research used descriptive quantitative
analysis to discover students’ preparedness and one-way ANOVA to identify
the effect of gender type to the students’ preparation in PBHL. The results of
this research show that social science education students’ preparedness
(motivation, prospective behavior, and ICT skills) in PBHL is classified
high, namely in the B+ category. Furthermore, the gender type has no
significant effect on students’ preparedness for PBHL (p>0.05).
Recommendation based on the research result is the university has to
facilitate easy internet access, such as by accelerating the bandwidth, internet
connection, and promote other policies that support PBHL.
Value clarification technique (VCT) and teaching and contextual learning (CTL) are learning models that are rarely compared in history learning. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find: i) The differences in student learning outcomes using the VCT model and the CTL learning model; ii) Differences in student learning outcomes between the use of the VCT learning model and CTL learning model for students who have high learning motivation; iii) Differences in learning outcomes between the use of VCT and CTL learning models for students who have low learning motivation; and iv) The interaction effect between the use of learning models and students' learning motivation on learning outcomes. This study employed a quasi-experimental quantitative approach with a 2×2 factorial design. The data analysis technique used a two-way analysis of variance at a significance level (α) of 0.05. The population in this study was all students of class X of social science (IPS). The study's research showed that: i) There were significant differences in learning outcomes between students who used the VCT and CTL learning models; ii) There were differences in learning outcomes between the used of the VCT and CTL learning models for students who have high learning motivation; iii) There were differences in learning outcomes between the used of the VCT and CTL learning models for students who have low learning motivation; and iv) The used of the VCT and CTL learning models for students with high learning motivation was associated with better learning outcomes.
Similar to Education and training strategic management course to improve students’ self-directed learning and learning outcomes (20)
This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to investigate the potential of digital online game-based learning (DOGBL) to enhance motivation in English as a foreign language (EFL). Online gaming has grown in popularity among students, opening up the possibility of using games as powerful instructional resources. Academic achievement depends on motivation, and this study, led by self-determination theory (SDT), explored how external rules, like rewards and recognition, could increase motivation in EFL utilizing DOGBL. The study used the SLR method, examining databases and choosing articles based on predetermined criteria. The chosen publications were examined in-depth, and a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) diagram was employed for analysis. For results, DOGBL could enhance teaching EFL by providing flexible and interesting learning environments. Key elements in motivating in DOGBL included game design, personalization, social engagement, curricular integration, and instructor assistance. As a promising method to improve EFL instruction, game-based learning, especially DOGBL, saw considerable developments between 2018 and 2023. Thus, these ground-breaking techniques transformed the way people learn English vocabulary and provided a fun and engaging way to learn the language. For educators and students, the potential for DOGBL to change EFL education is still exciting as technology develops.
The development of postmodern-era technology in the world of education is increasingly sophisticated, thus impacting the character of students and their social environment. Technological progress negatively affects the lives of today's generation. When misuse of technology is widespread, it is imperative to strengthen cultural and religious filtration. So that the influence of globalization on technological development can be minimized. So as not to damage the cultural values and morality of students as the next generation of the nation. This study aims to explain the importance of transforming the values of Bima's local wisdom "Nggusu Waru" through the media of social studies e-books. The results and conclusions of this study are efforts to develop students' social character that require teacher collaboration, supervision, and optimal parental attention so that their interest in learning is higher and minimizes deviant behavior. This research method uses research and development design. At the stage of preliminary studies with models developed by Borg and Gall. Through several stages of research, information gathering, development of initial forms of products, and initial field testing. In this step, data is collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data is analyzed to find out some of its weaknesses and shortcomings.
This research investigated the pre-service teachers’ self-regulation, selfefficacy, and mathematics performance in blended learning during the post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a state university using a descriptive correlational design. There were 201 pre-service teachers who were identified using simple random sampling. They answered the two-set survey questionnaire, which assessed their self-regulation and self-efficacy, while their performances were assessed using their grades in the subject. The data gathered were treated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that they had high self-regulation while they had a very high level of self-efficacy. At the same time, they had a very satisfactory performance in mathematics. Moreover, their self-regulation in terms of planning, monitoring, and adjusting was significantly correlated with their math performance while reflecting is not. However, no significant relationship was found between their self-efficacy and mathematics performance. Thus, instructors are encouraged to conduct monitoring during blended learning to encourage pre-service teachers to maintain their high level of self-regulation and self-efficacy in learning mathematics. In addition, future researchers may explore the same variables to validate the findings of the study because these findings are limited only to pre-service teachers and were conducted during the post COVID-19 pandemic.
This study explores the correlation between technology utilization and language acquisition while analyzing the impact of moderating variables on this relation. Our meta-analysis approach analyzes data from 43 extracts out of 19 primary studies published between 2012 and 2021. Our data analysis employs a random-effect model utilizing a significance level of α = 0.05. Additionally, the authors examine four moderating variables: level of education, location of research, proficiency in language, and year of publication. Technology-based language acquisition outperforms traditional methods, indicating a significant and moderate impact on the learning process. This study enhances comprehension of the efficacy of technology in language acquisition by identifying various factors, such as the geographical location of research, methods of assessing language proficiency, and technology type employed. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the notion that educational level or sample size significantly impact technology-based language acquisition. This meta-analysis highlights the importance of considering nuanced factors when integrating technology into language learning. The findings emphasize the possibility of technology to transform methods of acquiring language and urge additional investigation into customized strategies that optimize its advantages.
Effective science instruction in a blended learning approach is synonymous with the strategic use of instructional videos (IVs) to fill the gap in teacher support. This study aims to determine the IVs’ effectiveness in improving students' concept retention and overall learning experiences. The experimental group was exposed to instruction integrating IVs via embedded mixed-method design, whereas the control group was exposed to traditional lecture methods. The results showed that students' post-test scores and concept retention improved significantly in the experimental group, where students reported better learning experiences than in the control group. This beneficial effect of a technology-integrated approach can be attributed to various elements of IVs, such as engaging content, motion graphics, video length, the language used, and the speaker's perspective. This study recommends that IVs be used to enhance learning opportunities and results in the teaching and learning process.
Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are an important element in facing the challenges of the 21 st-century. Difficulty in solving problems systematically, facing challenges in an organized manner, and being unable to design original solutions are due to the low HOTS that students have. HOTS ability can improve students who low-level thinking skills in several ways, for example, through learning integrated with media, practice, and assessment or HOTS-based cognitive assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a HOTS-based cognitive assessment to assess students' HOTS abilities. The device development model used is an adaptation of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The research sample consisted of 30 students in class 11 of the Governance and Office Automation Competency Program of Vocational High School 1 Kudus. The result is that 11 students have the HOTS ability with very good criteria, 17 well criteria, and 2 enough criteria. This study suggests that a test instrument for further research is to measure students' HOTS ability. The Experts conclude that HOTS-based cognitive assessment can be used as an approach to improve students' HOTS to actively think selectively and supported by logical argumentation.
The background of this research is the need for teacher innovation in developing digital-based learning media in Indonesian language learning. The research method used is research and development (R&D) with the analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model, which consists of five research stages: analysis, planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques are questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation that present the results regarding innovation, features, applications, and the impact of using the benkangen game in learning Indonesian in elementary school. The subjects of this study were 25 teachers from 25 elementary schools, and 66 students from 10 elementary schools in Magelang district and Magelang city. The results showed innovation in the development of game applications based on Magelang local wisdom with game features in the form of puzzles of Magelang culture and local wisdom, Indonesian language learning materials packaged in the form of questions accompanied by the number of points in each answer, and audio that reflects local wisdom in Central Java. The novelty of this research is the development of the benkangen game based on Magelang local wisdom, which still needs to be developed by teachers in Indonesia. Future research needs to explore the innovation of Indonesian language learning games through the latest software.
The specific processes, techniques, and actions that learners take to facilitate their language learning have been widely explored under the concept of language learning strategies (LLS); however, more exploration is needed about recent investigations in this area, as calls for new theorization of strategies research have emerged. This systematic literature review aimed at exploring the prevailing research methodologies and educational settings appertaining to LLS in English as foreign language (EFL) contexts. The study analyzed 42 articles published from 2017 to 2023 in journals in the field of social sciences in the Scopus and ERIC databases. The findings show how non-intervention quantitative approaches are predominant in LLS research, occasionally accompanied by qualitative data collection methods. Accordingly, most research has favored descriptive and correlational designs, identifying the relationships between the use of strategies and variables such as language proficiency, demographic aspects, motivation, and self-regulation. Grounded on the revision of existing evidence, this article advises future strategy-based research to focus on primary and secondary levels of education, strategy instruction, cultural aspects, and qualitative research designs.
This study aimed to i) analyse learning problems in science at boarding schools for junior high school students and ii) determine the effectiveness of science learning in the context of Islamic teachings using the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, -religion (STEM-R) approach to improve reflective and critical thinking skills. The research method applied in this study was a sequential exploratory mixed method. The research design consisted of five stages: i) qualitative data gathering, ii) qualitative data analysis, iii) quantitative data gathering, iv) quantitative data analysis, and v) data interpretation. The subjects of this study were 192 students from boarding schools and were divided into 6 groups. The research results obtained were the school, parents, science teachers and religion teachers’ vision and mission causing students to like or dislike science. An excellent teacher is viewed by students as someone who can make learning enjoyable, exhibit creativity in presenting educational material, possess the ability to motivate, link science and religion, engage in investigative activities, infuse humour, establish connections between science and everyday life, and communicate concepts effectively. Moreover, distinctions in reflective thinking and critical thinking abilities were observed between the experimental group and the control group. Learning that connects science and Islamic religion and examines STEM-R aspects is able to develop students' thinking skills.
This study aims to reveal the profile of open-start problem-solving with ethnomathematics regarding student learning styles. This research is a qualitative research study on 3 out of 31 students of Junior High School of 3 Magetan taken by purposive sampling. The three students carried out four stages: understanding the problem, planning problem-solving strategies, implementing problem-solving strategies, and reviewing again. The results of the research show that students with a visual learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked and drawing illustrations, planning problem-solving strategies by making examples, carrying out solving strategies by working on the calculation process; students with an auditory learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked, planning strategies by making problems and formulating formulas used, implementing solutions by doing calculations and reviewing; students with a kinesthetic learning style solve problems by understanding issues through writing known and being asked, making examples and writing the formulas used, carrying out solving strategies by applying the calculation process and reviewing the results obtained. However, of the three styles, the results of the accepted work were not correct because they did not write down the conclusions and were not thorough enough.
The volunteer function inventory (VFI) is an assessment tool to measure individual volunteer motivation. VFI measures individual motivation to volunteer by examining the functional motives of each volunteer. This research aimed to adapt the VFI to the Indonesian language. VFI consists of 30 items divided into five dimensions. This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research method. Samples were acquired by accidental random sampling with N = 176. In this study, reliability testing was carried out with items and dimensions of Cronbach's α. Validity tests were examined using construct validity and item analysis. The results of the Indonesian version of VFI showed high reliability and validity. Besides, the item analysis also shows that the quality of each item is excellent. The Indonesian version of VFI will be suitable for various education fields in Indonesia to measure the students' voluntary willingness in community development activities, for example, in measuring the impact of volunteerism in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) social activities and other activities within the communities.
Digital history-based project-based learning (PjBL) in history learning is a learning medium that can provide a special attraction for students who can improve historical concept skills and historical awareness. However, there are still many teachers who have not used it, so it is very important to study it. This research aims to analyze the influence of the digital history based PJBL model in improving historical concept skills and historical awareness. The method used is quasi-experimental with two classes, experimental and control. The population used class XI high school students in Lampung, Indonesia and the sample size was 213. Cluster random sampling was used to determine sampling, while data collection was in the form of test instruments. The test instrument questions were analyzed using the gain score and Kruskal-Walli’s test to determine the increase in historical concept skills and historical awareness with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 26. The research results confirmed that digital history based PjBL was effective in increasing historical concept skills and historical awareness with a high score, making it the best choice to overcome obstacles in history learning.
This study aims to determine how using an active learning model based on the three higher education principles can improve students' active learning. Qualitative research methods were applied in this study, with data collection through interviews, literature study, and observation. The results showed that active learning based on the three higher education principles was included in the "good" or "acceptable" category. The application of this model can make this campus a place with a positive academic atmosphere that enhances and supports collaboration, discussion, and positive and critical thinking. The novelty of this research lies in the use of active learning with mini-research projects, which are developed based on university principles and embody it. The hope is that this can help solve problems in the student learning process at the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The expected implication is that the university's policy supports applying the model to resolve learning problems and build real scientists for students.
Integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in teacher education is a means to support the teaching and learning process. Good teaching by utilizing technology certainly requires changes, especially in the realm of pedagogy, but teachers apparently do not have enough ability to optimize ICT in the learning process. In fact, ICT has the potential to provide various benefits for teachers and students, including joint learning areas, cooperative and collaborative learning opportunities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the use of mobile learning application (MLA) and its impact as a form of ICT integration in learning. The method used is literature study, by taking data from various relevant scientific articles and books. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis from the results of the synthesis of several literature reviews obtained. The research results show that a number of 10 main articles and 15 relevant supporting articles as well as several book sources show that mobile-based learning with smartphone devices is becoming a trend at various levels of education, both academic and vocational.
Incorporating ethnoscience into lessons through the ethnoscience-students’ worksheet (ESW) is one method to improve student interest in science learning while introducing them to the local culture. However, no research was reported the effects of ESW on students' responses and the factors that influence ESW implementation in science learning. In order to better understand how students learn through ESW, this study investigated the relationship between ethnoscience context, science learning, and the implementation of students’ worksheets. Seventy-two students participated in the survey after they studied ethnoscience learning through ESW. Students’ responses are more influenced by science learning. In addition, the ethnoscience-integrated students’ worksheets (SW) variable indirectly affects students’ responses. Additionally, ESW affects students' responses more significantly than science learning and ethnoscience. This research provides insightful implications for educators on planning, designing, and practicing ESW to enhance students’ problem-solving motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, to contribute significantly to future researchers, further research employed the structural equation model through covariance analysis, also known as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
This research aimed to assess the readiness of Indonesian pre-service science teachers by examining their perceptions of impending challenges, desired competencies, and anticipated instructional methodologies in preparing for the challenges of Society 5.0. Using a quantitative survey research methodology, 884 pre-service science teachers from 16 universities were surveyed. The research instrument's validity and reliability were assessed utilizing the Rasch model. Inferential statistics were employed to assess the readiness of pre-service science teachers for future challenges, taking into account their backgrounds. The test outcomes showed the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient reached 0.92, is deemed "excellent", affirming the instrument's high reliability. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of teachers share a consistent perception of future challenges and recognize the importance of mastering 21st-century skills, particularly critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration. However, respondents believe that the current learning process does not adequately train these skills. They expressed a desire for an alternative learning method that can enhance their skills while accommodating their diverse backgrounds, including place of residence, economic background, and technological proficiency. Further research is needed to identify alternative teaching methods that can effectively foster these abilities in diverse backgrounds.
The issue of psychological well-being in education has emerged as an increasingly critical topic in recent years. This is due to the significance of psychological well-being in enhancing the performance of e ducational institutions, encompassing students, teachers, and the process of formulating school policies. This study sought to discover recent research on psychological well-being from an academic perspective. A total of 27 research articles were successfully gathered and reviewed based on the established criteria. This article review was conducted utilizing two databases (SCOPUS and WoS) and the following keywords: "psychological well-being" combined with "AND" and other search terms such as "school", "teacher", and "student". This systematic review offers a synthesis of results that can serve as the initial step in developing constructs of psychological well-being in educational institutions, thus implying the importance of psychological well-being for teachers and students. The results of the analysis from this systematic literature review have been discussed and concluded in this study.
This study aims to investigate Indonesian senior high school teachers’ perceptions of using the first language (L1) when teaching English because Indonesian teachers tend to have negative perceptions toward the application of the L1, while the L1 is needed in a situation where Indonesian students have limited skills in English. The semi-structured interview was applied to collect data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse it. The result showed that the teachers have three different positions in perceiving the use of the L1: the virtual position, maximal, and optimal positions. Although they have different perceptions toward the application of the L1, a major insight can be concluded about the limited use of the L1 for specific reasons, such as considering teachers’ and students’ English abilities, learners’ needs, and the type and the difficulty of the given task or assignment. The L1 can be functioned as scaffolding in three aspects: when teaching grammar, vocabulary, and when giving instructions. Teachers may consider this study’s results as the information to use the L1 in classrooms. This may also be beneficial for Indonesian educational stakeholders and the government to specifically define what type of scaffolding that teachers can use the L1 to teach English.
The Smile project is an engineering service-learning initiative carried out through collaboration between Chouaib Doukkali University in Morocco and Pusan National University in South Korea. Since 2016, this project has been conducted annually for engineering students from both universities. Participants are selected through an oral interview, ensuring representation from different majors, years, and genders. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the project transitioned to an online mode starting from 2020. The objective of this article is to investigate the impact of the service-learning approach on learning and its potential for enhancing engineering education. This study aims to compare the face-to-face and online implementations of the Smileproject as examples of this educational approach. The analysis demonstrates a strong positive effect of engineering service-learning as a learning approach, leading to the improvement of engineering students' skills and competencies. Notably, there is minimal difference between the two implementation modes of this learning approach.
Assessment is an important component of learning which aims to determine student achievement in learning. However, the pandemic has changed how assessment is carried out, prompting teachers to look for new strategies in carrying out mathematics learning assessments under any conditions, whether in normal conditions or during a pandemic. This study described the strategies used by high school mathematics teachers in assessing mathematics learning during the pandemic towards the post-pandemic period. This type of research is descriptive exploratory research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were three mathematics teachers, three principals, and three vice principals from a public senior high school in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Qualitative data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively according to Bogdan and Biklen. The results of the study reveal that the mathematics teacher’s strategy for carrying out assessments during a pandemic includes: i) determining the appropriate online assessment platform that suits the needs; ii) assessment based on student participation; iii) using various of online assessment methods; iv) prioritizing academic integrity and honesty in the assessment implementation; and v) carry out the management and reporting of data on the results of the assessment in accordance with established procedures.
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Education and training strategic management course to improve students’ self-directed learning and learning outcomes
1. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
Vol. 16, No. 3, August 2022, pp. 400~411
ISSN: 2089-9823 DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v16i3.20370 400
Journal homepage: http://edulearn.intelektual.org
Education and training strategic management course to
improve students’ self-directed learning and learning outcomes
Imelda Paulina Soko1
, Damianus Dao Samo2
1
Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Terbuka, Kupang, Indonesia
2
Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Nusa Cendana University, Kupang, Indonesia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Sep 22, 2021
Revised Dec 24, 2021
Accepted Aug 31, 2022
The purposes of this study were: i) Developing strategic management of
education and training online tutorial; ii) Testing the feasibility of strategic
management of education and training online tutorial; iii) Finding out the
obstacles in strategic management of education and training online tutorial
development process; and iv) Finding the solutions in overcoming obstacles
in developing strategic management of education and training online tutorial.
This developmental research used the analysis, design, development,
implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model and involved second year
students of the faculty of teacher training and education in the Kupang
Region, Indonesia. The instruments used in this study were: i) Validation
guidelines for online tutorial material and supporting instruments; ii)
Students’ self-directed learning questionnaire; and iii) Online tutorial
formative test questions. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential
statistical test. The results show that the online tutorial: i) Fulfilled the aspect
of validity in the excellent category; ii) Fulfilled the effectiveness aspect in
the good category; iii) Limitations of the source, difficulties in compacting
the content of material and developing discussion questions are the obstacles
in developing the online tutorial; and iv) The solutions are (utilize
Universitas Terbuka (UT)'s open educational resources (OER), make
concept maps, and keep practicing to make question samples and consult the
questions made to the experts).
Keywords:
Learning outcomes
Online tutorial
Self-directed learning
Strategic management
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Imelda Paulina Soko
Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Terbuka
Pulau Indah Street No.6, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Email: imelda.soko@ecampus.ut.ac.id
1. INTRODUCTION
In this particular era of the industrial revolution 4.0, the world of education is in the knowledge age
with the extraordinary acceleration of knowledge enhancement, which is supported by the application of
digital media and technology called information superhighway [1]–[3] demands that the 'style' of learning
activities must be adjusted to the needs at the knowledge age; learning materials must be presented in a more
authentic and attractive design so that the students can collaborate with each other to create problem solving
[4], [5]. In line with this, the Ministry of Education and Culture emphasizes that the 21st
century learning
paradigm is focused on the ability of learners to find out from various sources, formulate problems, think
analytically and collaboratively, and collaborate in solving problems. Everyone, including students, must
have critical thinking skills, knowledge and digital literacy, information literacy, media literacy skills and
mastering information and communication technology [5], [6].
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Universitas Terbuka (UT) is establishing itself as a cyber university with various innovations that
support the learning process. One of the ways of utilizing information technology in learning is online
tutorial, an internet-based tutorial service or web-based tutorial. The online tutorial is followed by students
via the internet network and is one of the tutorial forms held by UT. The objectives of organizing the online
tutorial are optimizing the utilize of the internet network to provide learning assistance services to students,
allows the distance learning process in a more communicative and interactive link design, and providing
alternative options for students who have access to the internet network to obtain optimal learning assistance
services. Students are expected to actively read initiations, respond by asking questions or giving responses,
discussing and doing assignments, and taking summative tests at the end of the online tutorial session. The
purpose of the online tutorial indicates that the online tutorial service provides opportunities for students to
organize themselves independently to learn. This independent self-regulation is known as self-regulated
learning. According to Zimmerman [7] in general, self-directed learning has motivation, metacognition, and
active behaviour in their own learning processes. These learners individually start and direct their own efforts
to acquire knowledge and skills rather than relying on teachers, parents, or other colleagues to achieve
academic goals based on perceptions of self-efficacy. Without self-directed learning skills, students are at
greater hazard for dropping out or failing because of their learning problems and lack of ability [8]–[10].
The importance of online tutorial services as a learning service for students requires the need for
quality tutorial materials as well as an online tutorial approach. It is to ensures the achievement of the goals
of online tutorial learning services, such as self-directed learning and student learning outcomes. Especially
in strategic management of education and training course, this is a course with the output of students being
able to design strategic management training in schools, colleges, and training providers. The most
noteworthy aspects in the interactive learning procedure is that the students are given the opportunities to
interact [11]. This can be completed between students and students, between students and facilitators or
tutors, and between students and e-learning materials. However, based on the results of interviews and
analysis of the online tutorial implementation process, it was found that only 79% of students were actively
involved in online tutorials. The involvement in tutorial online is the participation of students in answering
discussion questions, responding to their friends’ discussion answers, and submits the assignments on time.
The developed online tutorial material was still limited to material from modules and in the form of text. The
less attractive online tutorial material is one of the reasons why students are less interested in participating in
online tutorial activities. The use of online tutorial that is charily designed should improve the students’
learning activity, as well as the students’ independence to initiate associates, discussions, and reflection to
advance their learning outcomes. It can be stated that technology-rich learning environment can provide
students with great opportunities and abilities to be self-regulated in their learning as it warrants the students
to be not only knowledgeable about the pertinent resource selection, but also the management and
appropriate usage of the information [12] although the findings show that there are 43% of students who are
late in uploading assignments due to difficulties in managing time. In fact, as adult learners, students should
already have the self-directed aspects of learning (the choice of what, when, and how long to study) which
social media and other technologies provide have significant repercussions in the effectiveness of the user’s
learning efforts [13].
Several attempts have been made to develop the quality of online tutorials, including research
developed by Said and Syarif [14] which aims to evaluate the online tutorial program design by applying
problem-based learning. The results of this study show that the design of the online tutorial program
involving the problem-based in the research methods course can be regarded as an eligible program in terms
of the criteria which are in accordance with the defined research objectives. A number of findings and
arguments ranging from the contextual and affective to cognitive factors, are presented to elucidate the
incongruity of results e.g. some researchers have argued that the use of such technologies by students does
not necessarily entail that they use them for their academic activities [13], [15], [16]. Along similar
connections, Paretta & Catalano [17] declared that in-depth observations of students’ technology-based
practices suggest them to be sometimes of little academic relevance. Observing 730 individual behaviors of
students in the library, the result indicated that though 60% of overall behavior was study related; however,
73% of those working on a computer were considerably more likely to be engaging in a non-study behavior
like checking e-mails, visiting Facebook, or other websites. Additionally, Hong et al. [18] recommended that
‘cognitive failure’ may also reflect a decrease in the efficiency of perceptual levels of Internet learning. It has
been suggested that self-directed learning could provide a more direct route into understanding the actual
dynamics of and relationships between learning and technologies [19]. Regardless of a significant level of
agreement about the influence current technology affordances could have on self-directed learning (SDL), as
is evident from the review of literature, not much empirical evidence is available regarding the impact of
technology use on self-directed learning. The present study aims to address the gap by examining the impact
of a variety of technologies on SDL, in addition to the students’ academic performance and student
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engagement. Using a path model to test the interrelationships, the study would add an innovative dimension
to the existing body of literature.
The development of strategic management of education and training online tutorial apply the
principles of adult education (andragogy), meet the learning needs of students as mature students, and equip
students who attend online tutorials to be able to design strategic management training in schools, colleges,
and training providers. In that online tutorial, students will learn the strategic education and training system
and the application of competency-based training in organizations, especially training institutions. Based on
the previous reseraches, they representing both positive and negative correlations of online tutorial with the
academic’s performance and sel-directed learning. Researchers are interested in developing online tutorial
services that help students to obtain independent learning services that help students organize their cognition
and attitudes to get maximum learning outcomes.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
This research was a developmental study using the analysis, design, development, implementation,
and evaluation (ADDIE) model [20]. Online tutorial materials were developed consist of teaching materials,
syllabus, discussion materials, formative test questions and tasks questions. The data source of this research
was the second-year students of faculty of teacher training and education of Kupang Region, Indonesia. The
instruments used in this study were: i) Online tutorial material validation guidelines; ii) Syllabus and tutorial
activity plan validation guidelines; iii) Discussion questions validation guidelines; iv) Multiple choice
questions validation guidelines; v) Tasks questions guidelines; vi) Students’ self-directed learning
questionnaire; vii) Students’ self-directed learning questionnaire validation guidelines; viii) Online tutorial
formative test questions; and ix) Online tutorial formative test questions validation guidelines.
The data obtained in this study were in accordance with the number of instruments used. Data
analysis techniques in this study were qualitative descriptive to analyse assessments, suggestions and
comments from validators and students' responses. The results of expert validation in the form of ordinal data
were analyzed descriptively to see the tendency of assessing the content and structure of the online tutorial as
well as students' views of the online tutorial; quantitative descriptive to analyzed student learning outcomes
data, and self-directed learning. The results of this quantitative descriptive analysis are presented in tables
and diagrams with the rating based on qualitative categorization, and inferential statistical test to test the
improvement of student learning outcomes and self-directed learning after attending the online tutorial. The
execution of online tutorial is considered to be effective if it meets two predetermined effectiveness
indicators, namely: i) The learning outcomes test reach a minimum of 75 or has an average that significantly
higher than 75 based on the statistical tests; and ii) The students’ self-directed learning reach a minimum
score of three or have the average that significantly higher than three based on the statistical tests.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Development stage
Online tutorial material of strategic management of education and training has the following
structure: i) Pre-Session online tutorial materials consisting of pre-session introductions, introductory forums
and a space to upload tutorial activity designs. This initial part contains the identity of the course, greetings
and introductions of the tutor as well as orientation of the course, description of the course, objectives and
learning outcomes of the course, a summary of online tutorial activities and the design of tutorial activities;
ii) Online tutorial material sessions 1-8. Each session contains general learning outcomes formulation,
specific learning outcomes formulation, general learning resource information, a brief explanation of the
material to be studied, exposure to essential concepts/competencies, supporting/enrichment material in the
form of links, discussion material, and formative.
The online tutorial materials that have been developed are validated internally by experts. Internal
validity testing is done by asking for suggestions and opinions of experts related to the validity of the
material, media, syllabus and tutorial activity plan, discussion items, multiple choice items, task items, and
the description items. Validation of material, media, syllabus and tutorial activity plan, discussion items,
multiple choice items, task items, and the description items was carried out by two experts using an online
tutorial material validation sheet. The number of statement items is 28 statements with four answer choices
on a Likert scale. The results of the online tutorial material validation and the syllabus validation are
presented in the Figure 1(a) and (b).
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(a)
(b)
Figure 1. Results on (a) online tutorial material validation and (b) syllabus validation
The results of the material validation show (Figure 1a), there are 18 out of 30 items (60%) in the
excellent category, six items (20%) are in the good category, and six items (20%) get poor rating. Some
remedial notes submitted by the validator are: i) Apperception is not clearly seen yet. In addition, please
provide a link between the previous and the next online tutorial material; ii) Regarding material items that are
accompanied by examples, please clarify with a case example; iii) Present the discussion material at the level
of analysis and evaluation to develop students’ self-directed learning. The results of the syllabus validation
show (Figure 1b), there are six out of eight question items (75%) in the excellent category and six items
(25%) are in the good category. Overall, the syllabus is already good with general conclusions that can be
used without revision. The results of the tutorial activity plan validation and discussion
questionsvalidationare presented in the Figure 2(a) and (b).
(a)
(b)
Figure 2. Results on (a) tutorial activity plan validation and (b) discussion questions validation
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The results of the tutorial activity plan validation show (Figure 2a) that there are 13 out of 17
question items (76.5%) in the excellent category and four items (23.5%) are in the good category. Some
improvement notes submitted by the validator are; it is recommended that before the tutors give an
explanation, students are directed to access material from modules or other learning resources. So that tutors
do not find difficulties in giving explanation and students easier to understand the material explained by the
tutors. Overall, the tutorial activity plan is already good, with general conclusions that can be used with
minor revisions. The results of the discussion questions validation show (Figure 2b) that all items are in the
excellent category which indicates the questions have been carefully arranged both in terms of suitability
with indicators, meanings, and using Indonesian language well. The discussion material has qualified as a
good discussion material that is able to stimulate students' way of thinking to express ideas genuinely. Based
on these ratings, the discussion questions were concluded very well and can be used without revision.
The results of the validation of multiple-choice questions and task questions validation are presented in
the Figure 3(a) and (b).
The results of the multiple choices questions validation show (Figure 3a), in terms of material,
construction and language, the questions already have reasonable criteria to be used as formative test
questions to measure the achievement of student learning outcomes after attending the online tutorial. The
questions are in accordance with the indicators compiled with the correct choice of answers and correct and
logical deception. From the construction aspect, the questions are formulated briefly and clearly and contain
question words that correspond to the available answer choices. From the language aspect, the questions do
not have multiple meanings or interpretations, and use good and correct Indonesian language. Based on these
ratings, the discussion questions were concluded very well and can be used without revision.
(a)
(b)
Figure 3. Results on (a) multiple choice questions validation and (b) task questions validation
The results of the task questions validation show (Figure 3b) that all question items were assessed in
the very good category which indicated that the assignment questions had been prepared well, where the
assignment questions were in accordance with the indicators, had clear instructions, used good and correct
Indonesian language, did not contain multiple meanings/interpretations and were communicative. Based on
this assessment, it is concluded that the assignment questions are in the very good category and can be used
without revision. Furthermore, the learning independence questionnaire consists of aspects of goal setting,
motivation, analysis of learning difficulties, self-efficacy, strategy selection, metacognition, and resource
management. From these seven aspects, 70 statement items were developed which were validated
theoretically by experts and empirical validation to measure their validity and reliability with 30 students as
the subject of Kupang Region students <0.05 so it can be said that all statement items are valid while
reliability testing gets Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.823 or reliable.
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3.2. Implementation stage
The result of expert validation becomes an improvement record for the material of strategic
management of education and training online tutorial which then continued with a limited test. This trial
involves ten subjects (S1–S10) with the teacher's background. The trial was done to improve the potential for
increased learning outcomes and self-directed learning after learning the online tutorial material. The results
of the subject formative test are presented in Table 1 and Figure 4.
Figure 4. Formative test value bar chart
Table 1. Formative test results
No Subject Value
1 S1 82.5
2 S2 80.0
3 S3 80.0
4 S4 92.5
5 S5 85.0
6 S6 77.5
7 S7 80.0
8 S8 80.0
9 S9 87.5
10 S10 90.0
Average 83.5
From the Table 1 and Figure 4, it seems that the results of the formative test of the subject are in
good and excellent category. Normality test is conducted further as a prerequisite test for the statistical
selection of hypothesis testing. With the criteria, if the probability value (sig.)>0.05 then the H0 is accepted
means that the sample comes from a population with a normal distribution. Normality test result with
Kolmogorov-Smirnov obtained the probability value (sig.) for the achievement of the learning outcomes is
greater than 0.05 so that H0 is received which means that the students’ achievement of learning outcomes
comes from the normal distribution population. Based on the normality test data, the statistics used for the
significance testing of the online tutorial learning outcomes used a one-sample t test. With criteria if the value
of probability (sig.)<0.05 then H0 is rejected. Furthermore, the result of one sample t-test of formative test
result can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. The result of one sample t-test of formative test result
Test value=75
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean difference
95% confidence interval of the difference
Lower Upper
Value 5.35 9 .000 8.5 4.90 12.10
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
95.0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10
82.5
80.0 80.0
92.5
85.0
77.5
80.0 80.0
87.5
90.0
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The probability value (sig.)<0.05 so H0 is rejected; the average achievement of student learning
outcomes in the strategic management of education and training online tutorial is not at the grade of 75.
Based on the learning achievement data, the minimum value of formative subject tests is 77.5 with normally
distributed data, so it can be concluded that the average value of the student achievement in the strategic
management of education and training online tutorial is greater than 75. The students’ self-directed learning
scores from the questionnaire are presented in Figure 5. The self-directed learning scores of ten subjects is
210 at the lowest and 263 as the highest. The results of self-directed learning scores for each aspect are
presented in Table 3.
Figure 5. Questionnaire results bar chart
Table 3. The results of students’ self-directed learning questionnaire
(GS: goal setting, M: motivation, ALD: analysis of learning difficulties, SE: self efficacy, SS: strategy selection, MT: metacognition,
RM: resource management, PE: performance evaluation, UE: understanding evaluation, SSA: self satisfaction)
Theaverage score of self-directed learning of each aspect is above 3.00 and in total has the average
of 3.36; acquisiton score for each aspect of self-directed learning and overall are in the good category.
Normality test result of students’ self-directed learning with Kolmogorov-Smirnov obtained the probability
value (sig.) is greater than 0.05 so that H0 is accepted. Based on the normality test data the statistics used to
test the significance of the average of online tutorial self-directed learning use a single sample t test. With
criteria if the value of probability (sig.)< 0.05 then H0 is rejected. The results of the one sample t-test test are
presented in Table 4.
Table 4. The result of one sample t-test of self-directed learning
Test value=3.00
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean difference
95% confidence interval of the difference
Lower Upper
Value 14.71 10 .000 .35 .30 .41
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10
239
227
250
213
263
218 210
251 246
234
No Subject
Score of each aspect
Total score
GS M ALD SE SS MT RM PE UE SSA
1 S1 36 56 19 22 33 7 15 35 10 6 239
2 S2 29 49 20 23 32 7 15 36 9 7 227
3 S3 35 53 21 25 36 8 17 38 10 7 250
4 S4 30 45 18 21 30 6 15 33 9 6 213
5 S5 34 58 23 27 38 7 18 39 11 8 263
6 S6 30 47 18 24 30 6 15 33 9 6 218
7 S7 27 45 18 21 30 6 15 33 9 6 210
8 S8 31 54 21 27 36 8 18 39 11 6 251
9 S9 30 52 21 25 36 8 16 39 12 7 246
10 S10 32 49 20 23 32 6 16 37 11 7 234
Average 31.40 50.80 19.90 23.80 33.30 6.90 16.00 36.20 10.10 6.60
Average of each aspect 3.49 3.39 3.32 3.40 3.33 3.45 3.20 3.29 3.37 3.30 3.36
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From Table 5, value of probability (sig.)<0.05 so that H0 is rejected, which means the average of
students’ self-directed learning in the online tutorial is not equal to 3.00. Based on the data of students’ self-
directed learning in the online tutorial with normally distributed data, it can be concluded that the average
value of students’ self-directed learning achievement in the online tutorial is greater than 3.00. This shows
that the strategic management in the education and training online tutorial can increase the students’ self-
directed learning. Furthermore, a broad trial involving two classes as an experimental class and a control
class in a quasi-experimental design. The results of the formative tests in the broad pilot activity are
presented in Table 5.
Table 5. The result of descriptive statistical result of formative test
N Range Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Variance
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic Statistic
Eksperiment 29 12.00 75.00 87.00 80.9655 .72173 3.88663 15.106
Control 33 10.00 75.00 85.00 78.9697 .49330 2.83378 8.030
Normality test is conducted further as a prerequisite test for the statistical selection of hypothesis
testing. With the criteria, if the probability value (sig.)>0.05 then the H0 is accepted means that the sample
comes from a population with a normal distribution. Normality test showed that the probability value (sig.)
for the achievement of the learning outcomes is greater than 0.05 so that H0 is received which means that the
students’ achievement of learning outcomes comes from the normal distribution population. Based on the
normality test data, the statistics used for the significance testing of the online tutorial learning outcomes
used anindependent sample t-test. With criteria if the value of probability (sig.)<0.05 then H0 is rejected. We
can see the result of independent sample t-test of formative test result in Table 6.
Table 6. The result of independent sample t-test of formative test result
Levene's test for
equality of variances
T-test for equality of means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
different
Std. error
differenc
95% confidence interval
of the difference
Lower Upper
Eksperiment
Equal
variances
assumed
4.255 .043 2.329 60 .023 1.99582 .85684 .28189 3.70975
Equal
variances not
assumed
2.283 50.608 .027 1.99582 .87421 .24045 3.75119
The probability value (sig.)<0.05 so H0 is rejected; there is a significant difference in the average
achievement of students in the experimental class and the control class. Based on the average data, the
average value of the experimental class is higher than the control class, so it can be concluded that the
average experimental class is better than the control class, which means the strategic management of
education and training online tutorial can improve student learning outcomes. Next is the measurement of the
student's self-directed learning. The descriptive statistics of the self-directed learning of the two classes are
presented in Table 7.
Table 7.Descriptive statistic of students’ self-directed learning questionnaire
N Range Min Max Mean Std. Deviation Variance
SDL_Eksp 29 108.00 156.00 264.00 242.000 20.03568 401.429
SDL_Control 33 28.00 230.00 258.00 242.575 7.18084 51.564
Normality test is conducted further as a prerequisite test for the statistical selection of hypothesis
testing. The result of normality test of formative test obtained the probability value (sig.)<0.05 then the H0 is
rejected means that the sample comes from a population with a non normal distribution. Based on the
normality test data in the table, the statistics used for the significance testing of the online tutorial learning
outcomes used Mann-Whitney U-test. With criteria if the value of probability (sig.)<0.05 then H0 is rejected.
The results of the Mann-Whitney U-test are presented in Table 8.
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Table 8. Mann-Whitney U-test of formative test result
SDL
Mann-Whitney U 385.000
Wilcoxon W 946.000
Z -1.321
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .186
The probability value (sig.)>0.05 so H0 is accepted, meaning that there is no significant difference in
the average SDL of students in the experimental class and the control class. At the needs analysis stage,
problem identification, and potential and source analysis, it was found that there was a need to develop
strategic management of education and training online tutorial materials. From the design stage, the research
instruments and online materials were developed consisting of; course competency maps, tutorial or syllabus
for the entire online tutorial, tutorial activity plan for eight sessions, and online tutorial material for eight
sessions consisting of an introduction in every beginning of the session, presentation of concepts, supporting
material or enrichment, discussion materials, formative tests, and assignments for the first, third, and fifth
session. The development of materials and supporting instruments is guided by the rules for developing
online tutorial materials by the UT, particularly Faculty of Teacher Training and Education.
The results of expert validation show that in general the material, syllabus, tutorial activity plan,
discussion questions and assignment materials are in the very good category. This shows that the online
tutorial material uses clear language and illustrations, links and sources to facilitate students to learn topics or
materials accompanied by concrete examples from other sources easily so that students can easily understand
the topics in each session. Discussion questions and assignments that have been carefully arranged both in
terms of suitability with indicators, meanings, and using Indonesian language well. The discussion and task
material have qualified as a good discussion material that is able to stimulate students 'way of thinking to
express ideas genuinely and encourages students' higher order thinking skills. Based on the results of expert
validation, the researcher also made improvements according to the input of the experts, such as provide a
link between the previous and the next online tutorial material in order to make a clear view of apperception,
clarify the materials with a case example, and present the discussion material at the level of analysis and
evaluation to develop students’ self-directed learning.
To prove that the instruments and materials that have been developed are truly good and have the
potential to improve learning outcomes and learning independence, then the implementation stage is carried
out. Based on the trial results limited to the sample, it was found that the strategic management of education
and training online tutorial was able to improve student learning outcomes. This is because the online tutorial
is in accordance with specific learning outcomes, is developed accurately and follows the times, and
encourages student curiosity. The online tutorial materials are presented in clear and clear language,
accompanied by illustrations, and concrete examples with the support of information from other learning
sources to help students learn concepts and models of strategic management, strategic management in human
resource development, strategic environmental analysis, strategic planning training, vision, mission, and
objectives of the education and training. This finding also prove that the integration of Internet technologies
will potentially augment student connectivity in distance education and strengthen the learning environment
[20]–[22]. Collaborating in open forums, and in asynchronous mediums such as discussion boards, has been
widely accepted as a positive avenue for engaging in deeper understanding [23] and knowledge building [24],
[25]. It also confirms that the use of learning technologies has different impacts on students’ learning
outcomes which may be caused by contextual and cognitive factors [18]. Furthermore, using online course
material can enhance student intellectual development [26]. On the other hand, some students reported that
their course grades decrease as they spend too much time on online course material. These diverse research
results reveal the interest and importance of exploring the readiness for learning technologies and its
influences on students’ perceptions and behaviors.
The results of the independent learning questionnaire analysis showed that the strategic management
of education and training online tutorial was able to increase students' learning independence. This is because
the online tutorial material developed is able to help students set goals and targets to be achieved with the
existence of a course competency map, making students interested in learning strategic management with
illustrations and concept supporting materials, facilitating students trying to overcome difficulties, focusing
on solving problems, and discuss with friends and lecturers when solving problems or discussion questions
and assignments, as well as allowing students to learn from various sources through supporting or enrichment
materials. As we can see that technology can sustain lifelong, self-directed learning beyond the regular
classroom. There has been a great rise in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in
education, owing to the spread of education among masses across the world, where due to the ready
availability of ICT enabled tools, self-directed learning can be enhanced. The context of self-directed
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learning has now changed with online learning, greater access to technology, personalized learning
experiences, and access to information sources that were not available earlier [27]. The online course setting
provides an open communication environment for students, which allows the students to express themselves
socially and emotionally through communication [28], [29]. Students can interact with each other and with
teachers through online learning platforms. Social presence provides the cohesion to sustain students’
participation and focus. It also creates a sense of belonging, supporting freedom of expression [30]. The
communication among student group members during collaborative activities contributes to students’
systematic and critical thinking, which is the hallmark of effective higher education. Instructor expertise,
instructor support, and students’ self-efficacy influence student satisfaction [31]. The formative test questions
at the end of each session help student’s measure understanding, assess learning progress, and measure the
achievement of their learning goals.
3.3. Obstacles in developing the strategic management of education and training online tutorial
There are several obstacles that researchers encountered in this research activity, including; i) The
limitation of source book on strategic management in the education and training. The only source book that
the researches easily encountered and used in this study is the module of the education and training; ii) There
are quite a lot of difficulties in compacting the content of strategic management in the education and training;
and iii) Difficulties in developing material or discussion questions at the evaluation level of higher order
thinking skills. Tobe a critical thinker, one needs to be self-directed; and conversely, to be a self-directed
learner,one needs to be a critical thinker [29] and it indicates a positive relationship between critical thinking
(CT) and SDL. Although, simply transplanting a text-based resource to an online setting by itself does not
provide an effective online learning environment [13].
3.4. Solutions to overcome obstacles in the development of online strategic management tutorial
Although there are several obstacles in planning and conducting research, the authors have been
able to overcome these obstacles with the following solutions; i) Researchers utilize open educational
resources that have been provided by Universitas Terbuka; ii) Researchers create concept maps of all subjects
and remain guided by general and specific learning achievement in developing online tutorial tools, online
tutorial material, including in developing formative and summative evaluation questions of online strategic
management tutorial in the education and training; and iii) Researchers continue to practice making questions
samples and consult the questions that have been made with experts, in this case the validator of the
questions. Web-based delivery such as online tutorial has influenced the learner’s ability to access self-
directed learning materials, and with the use of tracking and user-analysis software, it has also brought with it
the ability for academics to monitor the degree of student interaction with these activities [32]. Making
course resources available online can be a great advantage, especially when distance is an issue [11].
4. CONCLUSION
The strategic management of education and training online tutorial meets the aspects of validity in
the excellent category. Strategic management of education and training online tutorial meets the aspects of
effectiveness in both categories, based on the results of the questionnaire for students’ self-directed learning
and student learning outcomes tests. Based on the data of students’ self-directed learning in strategic
management of education and training online tutorial with normally distributed data, it can be concluded that
the average value of students’ self-directed learning in the strategic management of the education and
training development tutorial online is greater than 3.00. This shows that the online tutorial can increase the
students’ self-directed learning. Based on the data of learning outcomes achievement, the minimum value of
formative subject tests is 77.5 with normally distributed data, so it can be concluded that the average value of
student achievement is greater than 75 it means can improve student learning outcomes. Furthermore, when
viewed from the comparison with the control class, it can be concluded that online tutorials can improve
student learning outcomes but do not have a significant effect on increasing SDL.
Some of the obstacles that researchers encountered in this research were: i) The limitation of source
book on strategic management in the education and training; ii) The difficulty in compacting the content of
strategic management in the education and training; and iii) The difficulty in developing materials or
discussion questions at the evaluation level. Solutions to overcome obstacles in the development of online
strategic management tutorial, such as:i) Researchers utilize open educational resources (OER) that have
been provided by UT; ii) Researchers make concept maps of all courses and remain guided by general and
specific learning achievementin developing the strategic management in the education and training online
tutorial; and iii) Researchers continue to practice make question samples and consult the questions that have
been made with experts.
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J Edu & Learn, Vol. 16, No. 3, August 2022: 400-411
410
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thank to Universitas Terbuka for funding this research. It is valuable for the development of
academic quality in Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Terbuka as well as to students
who have agreed to be a part of this research.
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Education and training strategic management course to improve students’ self … (Imelda Paulina Soko)
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Imelda Paulina Soko is a lecturer at the Department of Educational Technology,
Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia. She is bachelor at the Physics Education at Nusa Cendana
University, Master Degree at the Educational Technology, Yogyakarta State University, and
Doctoral at the Natural Science Education, University of Pendidikan Indonesia. The focus
researchsare teacher professionalism development and online tutorials to support learning at
the Universitas Terbuka. She can be contacted at email: imelda.soko@ecampus.ut.ac.id.
Damianus Dao Samo is a lecturer at the Department of Mathematics Education,
Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia. He is bachelor at the Mathematics Education, Nusa
Cendana University, Master Degree at the Mathematics Education, Surabaya State University,
and Doctoral at the Mathematics Education, University of Pendidikan Indonesian. The focus
researchs are development of higher order thinking skills and technology integration in
mathematics learning. He can be contacted at email: damianus.damo@staf.undana.ac.id.