This document discusses various issues related to ensuring integrity in scientific publishing, including biases, conflicts of interest, and the responsibilities of journal editors. It notes that selectively publishing positive results over negative ones, failing to publish entire studies, and other biases can mislead readers and compromise the integrity of the scientific record. Maintaining quality and preventing business interests from influencing standards is challenging for editors. Strict ethical guidelines and transparency around financial interests are important to uphold scientific integrity.
GLEAP Việt Nam
khởi nguồn là nhóm tư vấn độc lập hoạt động trong lĩnh vực truyền thông và công nghệ cao từ năm 2005.
Năm 2011, nhóm chính thức thành lập Công ty TNHH GLEAP Việt Nam, tiếp tục phát huy kinh nghiệm và thế mạnh trong các lĩnh vực tư vấn truyền thông, tư vấn thương hiệu, thiết kế sáng tạo và tổ chức sự kiện.
GLEAP tự tin hỗ trợ khách hàng:
Nâng cao giá trị doanh nghiệp thông qua tư vấn, xây dựng và phát triển thương hiệu một cách có hệ thống, độc đáo và sáng tạo.
Song hành cùng thành công của khách hàng,
GLEAP đặt mục tiêu trở thành một trong 05 công ty hàng đầu về tư vấn thương hiệu và truyền thông tại Việt Nam năm 2020
GLEAP Việt Nam
khởi nguồn là nhóm tư vấn độc lập hoạt động trong lĩnh vực truyền thông và công nghệ cao từ năm 2005.
Năm 2011, nhóm chính thức thành lập Công ty TNHH GLEAP Việt Nam, tiếp tục phát huy kinh nghiệm và thế mạnh trong các lĩnh vực tư vấn truyền thông, tư vấn thương hiệu, thiết kế sáng tạo và tổ chức sự kiện.
GLEAP tự tin hỗ trợ khách hàng:
Nâng cao giá trị doanh nghiệp thông qua tư vấn, xây dựng và phát triển thương hiệu một cách có hệ thống, độc đáo và sáng tạo.
Song hành cùng thành công của khách hàng,
GLEAP đặt mục tiêu trở thành một trong 05 công ty hàng đầu về tư vấn thương hiệu và truyền thông tại Việt Nam năm 2020
This “brand 101″ session is designed to help nonprofit leadership and board members understand the basic concepts around developing and maintaining a strong brand
This “brand 101″ session is designed to help nonprofit leadership and board members understand the basic concepts around developing and maintaining a strong brand:
- What it means to brand an organization
- How to identify what’s at the core of your organization’s brand
- How to build simple messaging frameworks that allow consistent communications of that brand
- How to help your organization “walk the walk” and deliver on the promise of your brand
Simon Woolf - How to become a professional wine writer @wbis2014winebis
Simon Woolf made the transition from wine blogger to professional wine writer. At WBIS 2014 he talked us through this journey and the pros and cons of the job
This “brand 101″ session is designed to help nonprofit leadership and board members understand the basic concepts around developing and maintaining a strong brand
This “brand 101″ session is designed to help nonprofit leadership and board members understand the basic concepts around developing and maintaining a strong brand:
- What it means to brand an organization
- How to identify what’s at the core of your organization’s brand
- How to build simple messaging frameworks that allow consistent communications of that brand
- How to help your organization “walk the walk” and deliver on the promise of your brand
Simon Woolf - How to become a professional wine writer @wbis2014winebis
Simon Woolf made the transition from wine blogger to professional wine writer. At WBIS 2014 he talked us through this journey and the pros and cons of the job
Published Research, Flawed, Misleading, Nefarious - Use of Reporting Guidelin...John Hoey
Much published health sciences literature is misleading and biased
Efforts to correct this include use of reporting guidelines- criteria for doing science and reporting the results properly
Also discussion of conflicts of interest - how to report them.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Editorial Integrity Conflict of Interest COPE London March 09
1. Mischief, Malfeasance
and Incompetence:
The editor’s enemies
John Hoey
COPE Seminar 2009
London
johnhoeymd@gmail.com
slideshare
2. COPE
Code of Conduct
General duties and responsibilities of Editors
Be responsible for everything published in their
journals.
• Strive to meet the needs of readers and
authors
• constantly improve the journal
• Ensure the quality of the material they
publish
• champion freedom of expression
• Maintain the integrity of the academic
record
• Preclude business needs from
compromising intellectual standards
•
always
be
willing
to
publish
corrections,
clarifications,
retractions
and
apologies
when
needed.
3. COPE
Code of Conduct
General duties and responsibilities of Editors
Be responsible for everything published in their
journals.
• Strive to meet the needs of readers and
authors
• constantly improve the journal
• Ensure the quality of the material they
publish
• champion freedom of expression
• Maintain the integrity of the academic
record
• Preclude business needs from
compromising intellectual standards
•
always
be
willing
to
publish
corrections,
clarifications,
retractions
and
apologies
when
needed.
4. Maintaining the Integrity of the
Scientific Record.......why?
• Ethics - Nuremburg Trials - Helsinki Decl.
• Harm to patients and the public
• Physical harm
• Financial harm
6. Ethical Basis
“Both authors and publishers have ethical
obligations.
Nuremberg -
Helsinki
In publication of the results of research, the
investigators are obliged to preserve the
• research
accuracy of the results.
funding
orgs
Negative as well as positive results should be
published or otherwise publicly available.
• ICMJE
Sources of funding, institutional afiliations
• WAME and any possible conflicts of interest should
be declared in the publication.
• COPE
Reports of experimentation not in
accordance with the principles laid
down in this Declaration should not be
accepted for publication.”
22. COPE
Code of Conduct
General duties and responsibilities of Editors
Be responsible for everything published in their
journals.
• Strive to meet the needs of readers and
authors
• constantly improve the journal
• Ensure the quality of the material they
publish
• champion freedom of expression
• Maintain the integrity of the academic
record
• Preclude business needs from
compromising intellectual standards
•
always
be
willing
to
publish
corrections,
clarifications,
retractions
and
apologies
when
needed.
23. Quality threats
$$
Conflict
of
Interest
Incompetence/
Carelessness
24. What does an Editor do?
Soliciting papers
Peer review
Editorial decisions
Editing
Substantive
Technical
On-line and print layout
Etc. Etc. Etc...
Photo by CAM MAN www.flickr.com/people/pcasey/
25. Letters and obituaries editor
Research papers editors Deputy managing editor
Sharon Davies
Kristina Fister Lucy Banham
email Douglas Kamerow
BMJ Editorial Staff email email
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6716 email
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6365
Trish Groves Observations and reviews editor
Editor in chief PA to editor in chief Career Focus
email Technical editors
Trevor Jackson
Fiona Godlee Julia Burrell Edward Davies
Jackie Annis
email email
email email
Elizabeth Loder email
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6677 T:+44 (0)20 7383 6102
T: + 44(0)20 7383 6102 T: + 44 (0) 20 7383 6562
email T:+44 (0)20 7383 6658
Departmental administrator
Deputy editors Christopher Martyn Maggie Butler studentBMJ
Roger Robinson editorial registrar Chelsey White
Jane Smith email email Jessie Colquhoun
Helen Macdonald email
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6074
email email studenteditor@bmj.com
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6109
Alison Tonks
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6009 T: + 44 (0)20 7 874 7022 T: +44 (0)20 7874 7016
email Sally Carter
email
Senior researcher
Tony Delamothe Visiting editors
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6659
Primary care editor Sara Schroter
email Jennifer Leaning (USA)
Benchpress database manager
Domhnall MacAuley email
T: +44 (0) 20 7383 6006 Ray Moynihan (USA)
Gary Bryan
email Margaret Cooter
T: +44 (0)20 7383 6744
email Joanne Roberts (USA)
email
Trish Groves T:+44 (0)20 7383 6304 Charlie Wilson (USA)
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6657
Patient editor
News editors
email Peter Lapsley
Annabel Ferriman
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6018 Benchpress administrator Editorial advisers
email
email Greg Cotton
Sue Minns Steven Reid
T: 44 (0)20 7383 6035 email
email
Magazine editor Ian Maconochie
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6685
Web team
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6309
Trevor Jackson Editor bmj.com Peter Leman
Zosia Kmietowicz
email David Payne
email Clare Griffith Nick Dunn
Chief production editor
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6677 email email Frank Sullivan
John Mayor
T: +44 (0)20 7383 6051
Features editors Pippa Oakeshott
email
Assistant editor, bmj.com
Deborah Cohen
bmj.com editor Aziz Sheikh
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6355
Birte Twisselmann Richard Hurley
email
David Payne Lucy Chappell
email email
T: +44 (0)20 7383 6183
email Christopher Whitty
Assistant production editor
T: +44 (0)20 7383 6720 T: + 44 (0)20 7383 6051
T:+44 (0)20 7383 6532 Scott Murray
Edwyn Mayhew
Rebecca Coombes
email Julia Hippisley-Cox
Print journal team Elizabeth Payne
email
Editorials editor T:+44 (0)20 7383 6145 Josip Car
Magazine editor email
T: +44 (0)20 7383 6243
Giselle Jones Robin Fox
Trevor Jackson T: + 44 (0)20 7383 6449
Production editor Sue Morgan
email
Clinical reviews editor
Jett Aislabie
Karl Sharrock
Kirsten Patrick
email
Designer Statistical advisers
email
email
T:+44 (0)20 7874 7014
Jane Walker T:+44 (0)20 7383 6658 Doug Altman
email Tim Cole
Practice editor
Malcolm Brown (maternity cover)
Barbara Squire
Mabel Chew Hazel Inskip
T:+44 (0)20 7874 7014
Senior art worker email
email Julie Morris
Adam di Chiara T:+44 (0)20 7383 6658 Deborah Ashby
Illustrator
email
Analysis editor Jon Deek
Anthea Wilkie
Julia Thompson
Tessa Richards
email
Picture editor email
email
T:+44 (0)1737 215143
Vanessa Fletcher T:+44 (0)20 7383 6691
T: +44 (0) 20 7383 61
email
Copyright administrator
email
26. EDITOR-in-CHIEF
M.H Bagheri, MD
DEPUTY EDITOR
B Astaneh, MD
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor
B Aarabi, MD
M Razeghinejad, MD
David Bevan MB
M.A Aboulghar, MD
Toronto
G.H Shahcheragi, MD
A Alborzi, MD
T Tulandi, MD
M Askarian, MD
F Zand, MD
A Anand, PhD
A Banani, MD
EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS
Z Mostafavi Pour, PhD
Z Barzin, Msc
A.R Nikseresht, MD
F Jalalat
M.R Panjehshahin, PhD
M Keshmiri, Bsc
M.E Parsanezhad, MD
Z Safa, Bsc
F Peyvandi, MD PhD
M Rabiee
27.
28. Reporting Bias
Kay Dickersin,
Reporting and other biases in studies of Neurontin
for migraine, psychiatric/bipolar disorders,
nociceptive pain, and neuropathic pain.
August, 2008
http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/pdf/oxx18r10
29. Some definitions
• Positive= Study shows results favourable to
the intersts of the author/sponsor. Usually
statistically significant.
• Negative = Study shows results unfavourable
to the interest of the the author/sponsor -
may or may not be statisticaly significant.
30. Reporting Biases
Malfeasance or Incompetence?
• Non-publication of negative or neutral
results
• Selective publication of results - outcome
bias
• Multiple publication bias
• Language bias - and publishing in the grey
literature
• Time lag bias
• Undeclared conflicts of interest
• Dickersin
Ghost writing
31. Selective publication - Outcome bias
publishing the more interesting (usually positive) result
Was there an hypothesis?
A plan for analysis and reporting of data?
In an RCT, this is the primary outcome
32. Selective publication - Outcome bias
(publishing the more interesting result)
48 trials
1402 outcomes
31% - 59% incompletely reported
(40% not reported at all)
Chan, A.-W. et al. CMAJ 2004;171:735-740
35. Selective publication - Outcome bias
(publishing the more interesting result)
Interpretation: Intensive
multitherapy for patients with
poorly controlled type 2
diabetes is successful in
helping patients meet most of
the goals set by a national diabetes
association. However, 6 months after intensive therapy stopped and patients
returned to usual care the benefits had vanished,
36. Selective publication - Outcome bias
(publishing the more interesting result)
Interpretation: Intensive
multitherapy for patients with
poorly controlled type 2
diabetes is successful in
helping patients meet most of
the goals set by a national diabetes
association. However, 6 months after intensive therapy stopped and patients
returned to usual care the benefits had vanished,
However, 6 months after intensive
therapy stopped and patients returned
to usual care the benefits had
vanished.
38. P Wessely, C Baumgartner, D Klinger, J Kreczi, N … -
Cephalalgia, 1987
Bias Example
Publication Final negative primary results not published, only
positive preliminary results
Selective outcome Outcome reported was not primary or secondary
reporting outcome
Selective statistical 2 nonrandomized patients assigned to neurotin
analyses were include with those randomized
Spin Emphasis on “positive” outcomes
39. 16 Citations
P Wessely, C Baumgartner, D Klinger, J Kreczi, N … - Cephalalgia, 1987
Does it matter?
General Principles of
Migraine Management: The
Changing Role of Prevention
Practice parameter: Evidence-based
E Loder, D Biondi - Headache:
The Journal of Head and Face
guidelines for migraine headache (an
Pain, 2005 - Blackwell Synergy
Preventive treatment of
evidence-based review)
migraine -
SD Silberstein - Trends in
Pharmacological Sciences, 2006 -
Stephen D. Silberstein, MD, FACP, for the US
Elsevier
Headache Consortium*
Migraine prevention
Neurology 2000;55:754-762
DW Dodick, SD Silberstein -
British Medical Journal, 2007 -
pn.bmj.com
Neuromodulators for
Migraine Prevention
R Kaniecki - Headache: The
Journal of Head and Face Pain,
2008 - Blackwell Synergy
40.
41.
42. So what?
“Using data on the estimated level of spending on
allegedly fraudulent promotion, I am able to quantify this
impact in terms of prescriptions for specific off-label uses
and high-dose prescriptions.
43 million
In total, I find that there were
off-label prescriptions
of Neurontin as a result of the ... promotional activities
related to the off-label uses ... that would not have
occurred absent the challenged conduct.”
Meredith Rosenthal
http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/pdf/oxx18r10
45. • Author checklists
• Financial conflicts of interest
• Study design and reporting requirements
46. Conflict of Interests -
Is disclosure enough?
Who was responsible for?
• Study
• design
• data collection
• analysis
• write up
• decision to publish
• etc
47. 1109 Canadian clinicaltrials.gov
732 investigators
11 ideal practices to mitigate fCOI
- control over design
- data collection
- analysis
- interpretation
-write up
-authorship
-decision to publish
-etc.
6% of investigators met all ideal practices
Rochon P, et al. - submitted
51. Publisher/Editor Author/Editor
• Explicit contract
• Aim for quality
• Helsinki Declaration
• Publish less
• WAME/ICMJE
• Author guidelines/instructions
• Publisher goals
• Use reporting guidelines
• Disclosure of contract
• Require authors use them
• Disclosure of editorial
• Use checklists with
publisher Conflicts of
submissions
interest
52. American College of Physicians
(Annals Intern Med
American Medical Association
JAMA
Mass. Medical Society
New Engl J Medicine
Croatian Medical Schools
Croatian Medical Journal
Thank you