Editing An Essay

Editing and Montage Film
"Once I understood that editing is crucial to how a film is made, I was hooked. Imagine: placed in
your hands is fantastic raw footage that 250 people have created during shooting. You and the
director are then allowed to sculpt this raw material into something that has structure, rhythm and
pace, that builds characters, that creates dramatic peaks and lows and that hopefully has a good
ending. Editing is an incredibly rewarding profession.
Film editing is described, when typed in to google as "the activity of selecting the scenes to be
shown and putting them together to create a film" `but it is much more than just that. If done well it
is invisible but also has the ability to control a film, even control the viewer watching the film. The
process of editing film has been around nearly as long as film itself. After the cinema of attractions,
people realised a narrative story could be constructed by splicing ends of celluloid together to tell
a story. The most famous early example of this is The Great Train Robbery (1903) directed by
Edwin S. Porter. Before Porters film the cinema of attractions consisted of single shot films of
streets and crowded areas, projected later that day so that the people could see themselves on the big
screen.
As the 1900's marched on so did editing and montage. The Great Train Robbery had established that
it was possible to create a narrative by cutting film. The next decade would build on that and
establish rules which apply to films today. One
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Genome Editing Essay
Introduction
Genome editing is a huge leap forward in science and medicine. Because of recent advances in
technology, the study of genes and induced 'point' mutations have led to the discovery and
advancement of methods previously used in order to mutate genes. The development of Clusters
of Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR associated system 9
protein (Cas9) technology is a hugely significant leap forward as this is a tool that could potentially
be used for the research into and hopefully the treatment of a range of medical conditions that are
genetically related. Cystic fibrosis (Schwank, G. et al, 2013), haemophilia and sickle cell disease are
an example of some of the conditions that have the...show more content...
Once the complex was bound to the DNA, a cut would be made to eliminate and destroy the
invaders. 83% of archaeal genomes and 45% of bacterial genomes (Shabbir, M. et al, 2016) were
shown to be able to successfully utilize the CRISPR Cas9 system. These are very promising
statistics, so it is no wonder that there has been such an advancement in the past few years to bring
this technology to eukaryotic cells, mammalian cells and eventually human cells.
With the rate and volume that new experiments and experimental procedures are being tried and
tested, it can be expected that a Nobel Prize will soon be won for the discovery and advancement of
this potential life–saving 'tool'. The category of Nobel Prize and who it potentially should be
awarded to are discussed later in this essay.
The Role of CRISPR/Cas9 as a Genome Editing Tool
There are three types of CRISPR systems. The Type II CRISPR system (where the interface is
mediated by a single large protein in conjunction with crRNA) is the simplest of the three and it is
this one that has been the basis for genome editing.
The Cas9 protein is an enzyme that effectively acts as a pair of molecular 'scissors', cutting

Editing Group Analysis
Editing Group Round Two Once again, I had the opportunity to be an editor. This time, however,
Angelo read the papers out loud instead of Alex, while I was in charge of typing in corrections
like last time. Reading the papers too swiftly was a similar complication as in our previous
editing session. This may be due to the fact that one issue we had last session was having enough
time to edit the papers with time left over to work on our own essays. Like our earlier session, it
seemed that Angelo and I were the only ones who were trying to edit the papers. During our
discussion, Alex and Ryan only pointed out a few errors and seemed somewhat indifferent. Another
issue that was the same was that there were some people who did not turn...show more content...
I saw how simple errors can vastly adjust a person's opinion about a topic, therefore I will work
harder to catch these errors before I turn in a draft. I also learned how crucial thoroughly
explaining the aspects that I bring up in my paper are. I have not seen the final copies of our
class's papers, however I heard from the conferences that we missed some items that needed to be
better explained. We thought that since some of the drafts did not have enough pictures, that the
pictures they would add would help the reader to understand what they were trying to say.
Similarly to my last reflection, I still believe that people learn to be exceptional writers by learning
the mechanics, reading eloquent works, and revising their own papers. I will continue to develop my
papers and hope that the editing process has helped with

Peer Editing Reflection
For the college essay practice paper we peer edited, reread, sought instructor advice, and rewrote
our essays until we felt that our paper was worthy of being turned in. By the end of the process we
should have had a final draft which was almost completely different from our original copies. This
process, in my opinion, is extremely valuable to the course as it is vital in order for incoming
students to improve their writing abilities. Personally, the technique in the process which forced me
to realize my mistakes on a broader level, more than any other step, was the one foot reading to find
syntax errors and awkward diction which our brains skim over when simply rereading the essay. Peer
editing, while still helpful, didn't seem as useful

Smarthink
It is always good to have someone other than yourself to proofread an essay. This allows an extra
set of eyes to review and provide feedback on the paper. Bethel's teaching staff encourages students
to take advantage of resources like Smarthinking and PaperRater. By utilizing these available
resources, students are provided with scholarly critiquing to improve their writing. These tools also
require good use of time management to ensure deadlines are being met.
Smarthinking is a writing tool offered by Bethel University. I had the pleasure of experiencing some
of the superb services offered by Smarthinking. I submitted a paper and received feedback in less
than 24 hours. This timely response allowed me to revise and submit my paper without missing the
deadline. Smarthinking not only offers assistance with reviewing writing skills, but they also offer
tutoring sessions to become a better writer (Smarthinking, n.d.). The tutor that reviewed my paper
gave me some great pointers on how to detail a good thesis statement without over–wording. I was
also reminded that the last sentence of each paragraph...show more content...
The difference between PaperRater and Smarthinking is that PaperRater provides an immediate
response and also grades the paper. They both have the same goal: to critique and give
constructive criticism on writing skills. I found this site to be very helpful. PaperRater provides
feedback on one's word choice, offers to grade the paper, diction and spelling, and a few other key
tips (PaperRater, n.d.). I submitted a paper and the response I received back was well needed. I
was encouraged to continue with my word choice but I did have some struggles with correct use
of transition phrases. Because of this issue, I received a B on my paper. I found this site to be
beneficial because it directs me to focusing on the areas that I could improve in and taking the
proper steps towards fixing the

Gene Editing Ethics
The days of human embryonic gene editing are rapidly approaching with the development of the
editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 and are crucial tools for understanding the molecular pathway and gene
functions. Genome editing technologies can quickly and efficiently modify the genomes by
introducing or genetically correcting mutations either in human cells or animal models, also
advanced towards mammalian models and clinical trials in humans. In China, the genetic
modification of human embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 tools was achieved by the Huang laboratory in
2015 and they have introduces new ethical questions regarding human treatment. CRISPR/Cas9 is
one of the newest genomic technologies that has completely revolutionized the understanding of
disease...show more content...
While the interest and use of CRISPR/Cas9 has exploded since its discovery in 2012 and since then
has seen a rapid improvements, prominent scientists in the field have already initiated conversations
regarding the ethical implications that arise when modifying the human genome. Preventing genetic
diseases by human genetic engineering is inevitable. Opening the doors for genetic engineering of
human embryos could with time lead to manipulate genetics for desirable traits, raising the fear of
creating a eugenic driven human

Dna Editing Research Paper
Body/Hypothesis
Where did DNA editing come from and how does it work?
DNA editing was discovered thanks to the clash between bacteria and viruses. Bacteria and viruses
have been fighting each other since life on Earth began. During an invasion of a cell, the virus
inserts its own genetic code(RNA) into the bacterium and takes it over to use as a factory to
replicate itself. The bacterium, meanwhile, tries to resist but ends up failing most of the time
because it has weak, and insufficient tools to protect itself. Some bacteria however, through natural
selection or chance, survive the attack and save part of the virus's genetic code(Kurzgesagt, 2016).
The RNA of the virus is then saved in the bacterium's own genetic code in a DNA archive...show
more content...
A scientist named Anthony James encountered this problem when he programmed mosquitoes to no
longer transmit malaria. Though years of hard work, James was able to create a mosquito resistant
to the parasite by adding genes that made it impossible for the malaria parasite to live inside of it.
After this success, Anthony James was met with the problem of how he was going to spread this new
gene(Kahn, 2016). Now that you've got a mosquito resistant to malaria, how is this gene going to
replace the malaria in mosquitoes carrying the parasite? At first there was the idea that ten times the
the amount of mosquitoes in the area should be released in the hopes that the gene would be passed
on. This idea, however, would not be beneficial to the people living in the area where the mosquitoes
were being released(Kahn, 2016). Months later, James received an email from a biologist named
Ethan Baer about a genetic tool that not only ensured that a genetic trait would be inherited, but that
it would spread exponentially quickly. To test the reliability of this tool, the scientists engineered two
mosquitoes to not only carry the anti–malaria gene, but also the new tool(Kahn, 2016). They set up
the test in such a way that any mosquitoes that inherited the anti–malaria gene would not have the
ordinary white eyes, but red eyes. This made it easier for scientists to distinguish between a mosquito
with the gene and without it(Kahn, 2016). After putting two of the red–eyed mosquitoes in a box
with 30 ordinary mosquitoes to breed, scientists found that after two generations, not only had
38,000 mosquitoes been born, but all of them had red eyes. According to mendelian genetics this is
not possible because only half of the DNA from each parent is inherited by the offspring(Kahn,
2016). This means that there should have been

The History of Film Editing
My grandpa is always talking about how much movies have changed with time. His favorite movie,
E.T.: The Extra–Terrestrial, is an example of how editing and special effects have changed
drastically since 1982 and even before that. Watching a movie from this year compared to a movie
from the 1930s, you would notice many differences. In the beginning, there was no digital
technology to edit films. There have also been important contributors to help evolvement in film
editing. In the process of editing film, there are some common editing techniques that have been
used ever since film started. The way you edit a scene can also affect the mood and feeling of it.
Although the editing of filmmaking has changed a lot over time, there are many reasons for the
cause of this including humanities drastic evolvement in technology.
In the beginning, there was no digital technology to edit films. The initial editing of all films was
done with a positive copy of the film negative called a film work print. This was done by
physically cutting and pasting together pieces of film, using a splicer and threading the film on a
machine with a viewer, which was a Moviola, "flatbed" machine or Steenbeck. The 2" Video Tape
Recording System (VTR) created by Ampex Corp. was introduced in 1956. This device was also
called the splicing block. The user of the machine was able to view the splice point through a
microscope. The machine also had a cutting blade that was mounted across the guide to be able to

Peer Editing Analysis
The peer editing is to correct your paper from person who is in the same age or level and write
their opinion about it. That can help you to have other view from someone's in your level. It was
my first editing experience. I learned about something new in writing skills, which is how to edit
other paper, and how to give them your opinion. Also, when I see other personpaper, it helps me to
think widely and gain more ideas about how to be a good writer also whom I can read my paper as
critic to it. Moreover, it helps me to think correctly to give right advice to other person. Editing
peer gives me chance to participate with classmate how she thought. Moreover, it was as a practice
to my grammar when I correct my partner paper. I edited two papers

Genome Editing Essay
Genome editing of germ line cells using CRISPR/Cas9 system
Recent studies suggest that genome editing of germ line cells is an effective strategy for mutated
gene correction in sperms and oocytes for the inhibition of onset of inherited disorder. The first time,
germ line genome editing in human by CRISPR/Cas9 system , was carried out to correct mutation
of HBB (Beta globin) gene in zygote of ОІ–thalassemia patients by homologous DNA
recombination (HDR) [80, 81]. Embryonic genome editing utilized in the treatment of such
monogenic diseases prior to birth is a rational use of embryonic genome editing in germ line cells.
Homologous DNA recombination by traditional gene editing techniques in mammalian eggs has a
low rate (<10%) in term of...show more content...
Because PGD usually is carried out by gametes prepared from parents. But parents who is confirmed
by PGD to have a high risk of transmition of inherited genetic mutation to their children and want to
have their own children, their gametes can be edited directly by Crisper/cas9 to create healthy
children.Nowdays germ line genome editing by programmable nuclease such as Crisper/cas9 is the
most useful tool to treat genetic diseases with high risk of inheritance mutation transmition.
Unresolved ethical problems still exist and are the main reason for delay onset of clinical trials in
this field. Large animal models can be utilized for a variety of monogenic diseases, particularly
monogenic neurological disorders like HD and Duchene muscular dystrophy) DMD (. Specificity,
efficacy, and side effects of germ line genome editing technology should be assessed by animal
models before entering clinical trials.
Generating mammalian models of neurodegenerative diseases using CRISPR/Cas9
Cas9 has been well studied. It belongs to the class II CRISPR/Cas system which is the main protein
involved in small interfering CRISPR RNA (crRNA). CRISPR RNA often leads to the silencing of
invader viruses and plasmids [72, 85]. Several in vitro surveys have shown that Cas9 is guided by
gRNA composed of chimeric RNA. Chimeric RNA is composed of crRNA and tracrRNA. They are
sufficient to

Essay On Gene Editing
This article discusses scientists from Oregon Health and Science University who successfully edited
the DNA of human embryos to eliminate a mutant gene of a heritable heart condition, using gene
editing technology known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR).
They focused on an inherited heart disease called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is the
potential thickening of the heart muscle. The procedure consisted of using molecular scissors to cut
out the mutation in the sperm right before it fertilized the egg. The embryo then repaired the cut in
the sperm's genetic material by copying the egg's healthy gene, leaving the embryo free of a genetic
disease that would otherwise be passed down by the father. It...show more content...
One way I can expand my understanding of this topic is through additional research on the
development of human embryos and in vitro fertilization.
This article is based on a scientific discovery, made by scientists from Michigan State University,
whose objectives are to create an effective male birth control pill. Focussing on the causes of male
infertility, Chen Chen PhD., who is an assistant professor of animal science at MSU, as well as his
team, used a new gene editing technology on mice to effectively and completely block the gene,
PNLCD1, that controls sperm production, causing infertility. Thus, since mice and humans are both
mammals and use many of the same genes during reproduction, it is believed that this approach
could be effective in developing a human male contraception. I would like to further expand my
knowledge on this topic by doing additional research on the development of male contraceptives in
order to clarify a few of the questions that arose for me while reading this article. Will this drug
cause any harmful side effects on other tissues or organs within the human body? How effective will
this contraceptive method be?
This newsletter covers the story of a successful development of an advanced new imaging technique,
which can help assess the quality of early–stage embryos. Researchers at the ARC Centre of
Excellence for

Editing Post-Production
Editing post– production is edited raw footage to cut scene, to insert transition, working with voice
and sound of an actor. There's a lot of editing in post–production. There's picture edit offline and
online edit, analogue, and digital edit, and audio edit. In editing, they using editing software
examples like Adobe Photoshop, Adobe premiere pro, and final cut pro. Audio editing is
happening between the actual recording transcription in a studio and in a studio and the
completion of a master skipper recording. It involves sound design, sound figure, sound editing,
audio mixing, and gain of an issue. The process of Editing, first pick an editing. Two ways it can be
done, you can shoot your video and import it to your computer and you can start to edit your raw
footage. Second, performed a rough cut by laying all your main footage trim the unwanted or extra
footage. Add...show more content...
Offline editing, is the process of filmmaking and television and in which raw footage is copied and
edited without affecting the camera original. Once it has completed by offline editing, the original
media will be assembled in online editing. Editing is to structured and shows all information like
television shows, film and a lot more. Photo editing is the changing of range. These images can be
digital exposure, illustrations, prints, or photograph graphs on the moving–picture show. Some
eccentric of editing, such as airbrushing, is done by hand and others are done using photo editing
programs like Photoshop, Gimpiness and Microsoft Blusher. Photo editing is done for a reason.
It used to complete new things and to tricks people eye. By editing the video, the film makes a
good intense be it a sad movie or scary movie. Audio editing software is Adobe illustration, sound
forge, and audio editor. Audio editing process record all audio, delete or edit gaps at beginning and
end of a recording if any. Edit out any noticeable distracting breaths or other

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