management by objectives

1. Management By
Objectives
LESSON 3

2. What is Management by Objectives (MBO)?
-is a strategic approach to enhance the
performance of an organization.
-a process where the goals of the
organization are defined and conveyed
by the management to the members of
the organization with the intention to
achieve each objective.

3. Steps in Management by Objectives Process
1. Define organization goals
2. Define employee objectives
3. Continuous monitoring performance and progress
4. Performance evaluation
5. Providing feedback
6. Performance appraisal

4. Benefits of Management by Objectives
Management by objectives helps employees appreciate their on-the-job roles and
responsibilities.
The Key Result Areas (KRAs) planned are specific to each employee, depending on their
interest, educational qualification, and specialization.
The MBO approach usually results in better teamwork and communication.
It provides the employees with a clear understanding of what is expected of them. The
supervisors set goals for every member of the team, and every employee is provided with
a list of unique tasks.
Every employee is assigned unique goals. Hence, each employee feels indispensable to
the organization and eventually develops a sense of loyalty to the organization.
Managers help ensure that subordinates’ goals are related to the objectives of the
organization.

5. Major Leadership Styles or Techniques
A leadership style refers to a leader's characteristic behaviors when directing,
motivating, guiding, and managing groups of people.
1. Authoritarian Leadership
- allow a leader to impose expectations and define outcomes. A one-person show can
turn out to be successful in situations when a leader is the most knowledgeable in the
team.

6. Advantages:
Time spent on making crucial decisions can be reduced.
Chain of command can be clearly emphasized.
Mistakes in the implementation of plans can be reduced.
Using authoritarian leadership style creates consistent results.
Disadvantages:
A very strict leadership style can sometimes lead to employee rebellion.
It kills employee creativity and innovation.
It reduces group synergy & collaboration.
Group input is reduced dramatically.
Authoritarian leadership increases employee turnover rate.

7. 2. Participative Leadership
-The essence is to involve team members in the decision making process.
Advantages:
It increases employee motivation and job satisfaction.
It encourages use of employee creativity.
A participative leadership style helps in the creation of a strong team.
High level of productivity can be achieved.
Disadvantages:
Decision-making processes become time-consuming.
Leaders have a high probability of being apologetic to employees.
Communication failures can sometimes happen.
Security issues can arise because of transparency in information sharing.
Poor decisions can be made if the employees are unskilled.

8. 3. Delegative leadership
-delegative leadership style focuses on delegating initiative to team members.
Advantages:
Experienced employees can take advantage of their competence and experience.
Innovation & creativity is highly valued.
Delegative leadership creates a positive work environment.
Disadvantages:
Command responsibility is not properly defined.
Delegative leadership creates difficulty in adapting to change.

9. Concepts of Leadership
- Leaders are made not born.
-To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things you must be,
know, and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study.
Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills; they are
NOT resting on their laurels.
- Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and
directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.

10. According to a study by the Hay Group, a global management consultancy,
there are 75 key components of employee satisfaction (Lamb, McKee, 2004).
They found that:
 Trust and confidence in top leadership was the single most reliable predictor of employee satisfaction in
an organization.
 Effective communication by leadership in three critical areas was the key to winning organizational trust
and confidence:
 Helping employees understand the company's overall business strategy.
 Helping employees understand how they contribute to achieving key business objectives.
 Sharing information with employees on both how the company is doing and how an employee's own
division is doing - relative to strategic business objectives. So - you must be trustworthy and you have to be
able to communicate a vision of where the organization needs to go.

11. PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP
 Know yourself and seek self-improvement - In order to know yourself, you have to understand
your be, know, and do, attributes. Seeking self-improvement means continually strengthening
your attributes.
 Be technically proficient - As a leader, you must know your job and have a solid familiarity
with your employees' tasks.
 Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions - Search for ways to guide your
organization to new heights. And when things go wrong, they always do sooner or later
 Make sound and timely decisions - Use good problem solving, decision making, and planning
tools.

12.  Set the example - Be a good role model for your employees. They must not only hear what they are
expected to do, but also?
 Know your people and look out for their well-being - Know human nature and the importance of sincerely
caring for your workers.
 Keep your workers informed - Know how to communicate with not only them, but also seniors and other
key people.
 Develop a sense of responsibility in your workers - Help to develop good character traits that will help
them carry out their professional responsibilities.
 Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished
 Train as a team - Although many so called leaders call their organization, department, section, etc. a team;
they are not really teams...they are just a group of people doing their jobs.
 Use the full capabilities of your organization - By developing a team spirit, you will be able to employ
your organization, department, section, etc. to its fullest capabilities.

13. Follower
- Different people require different styles of leadership. For example, a new hire requires more supervision
than an experienced employee.
Leader
- You must have an honest understanding of who you are, what you know, and what you can do.
Communication
- You lead through two-way communication.
FACTORS OF LEADERSHIP

14. If you are a leader who can be trusted, then those around you will
grow to respect you. To be such a leader, there is a Leadership
Framework to guide you: BE, KNOW & DO
 BE a professional
 BE a professional who possess good character traits
 KNOW yourself
 KNOW human nature
 KNOW your organization
 DO provide direction
 DO implement
 DO motivate

15. MABBALO………