Migraine, Pathophysiology, definition,etiology,clinical manifestations,treatment , d pharm, b pharm

1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
DISORDERS
MIGRAINE
A PRESENTATION BY:
AMAN GUPTA
LECTURER
GCRG COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, LUCKNOW

2. DEFINITION
MIGRAINE=originated from Greek word "HEMICRANIA" = "ONE SIDE OF THE
HEAD”.
Migraine headache
Episodic neurovascular (neurons+vessels) phenomenon.
Characterized by recurrent (repeating) unilateral (one sided) headache.
Headache is recognized as the most well-known symptom of migraine.
Migraine is a disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of headache widely variable in
intensity, frequency and duration. Attacks are commonly unilateral and are usually associated
with anorexia (loss of appetite), nausea and vomiting.

3. ETIOLOGY OF MIGRAINE
• Migraine causes aren't fully understood.
• Genetics and environmental factors appear to play a role.
• Changes in the brainstem and its interactions with the trigeminal nerve play a role in migraine.
TRIGGERING FACTORS OF MIGRAINE
• Hormonal changes in women.
• Alcohol, especially wine, and too much caffeine, such as coffee.
• Stress.
• Sensory stimuli: Bright or flashing lights, loud sounds, strong smells such as perfume, paint thinner can trigger migraines in
some people.
• Sleep changes.
• Physical factors: Intense physical exertion (activity) might provoke migraines.
• Weather changes: A change of weather or barometric pressure can prompt a migraine.
• Medications: Oral contraceptives and vasodilators, such as nitro-glycerine may prompt a migraine.

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MIGRAINE

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MIGRAINE
Migraine symptom includes:
• Severe headache.
• Pain in eyes and neck.
• Nausea.
• Vomiting.
• Dizziness.
• Sensitivity to sound (phonophobia) and light (photophobia).

8. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE
DIAGNOSIS
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
• Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan.
TREATMENT
• Pain Relievers: E.g. Aspirin, Ibuprofen.
• Triptans: E.g. Sumatriptan, Rizatriptan.
• Dihydroergotamine: Available as nasal spray or injection.
• Lasmiditan: Available as oral tablet.
• Anti nausea drugs: To prevent nausea and vomiting.

9. THANK YOU