This document discusses basics of the internet and web design. It begins with defining the internet as a global network of networks and the World Wide Web (WWW) as an information system allowing access to documents through hyperlinks. It then covers topics like web browsers, servers, pages, URLs, domain names, IP addresses including IPv4 and IPv6. It also mentions search engines and the domain name system for resolving domain names to IP addresses.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing models including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It explains that IaaS provides virtual machines and infrastructure resources, PaaS provides platforms to build and run applications, and SaaS provides specific software applications to users. The document uses examples like hosting WordPress on IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS to illustrate the differences between the cloud models. It also discusses related topics like DNS, CDNs, and static vs dynamic content.
AD, DNS, DHCP, HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP3 and FTP use specific port numbers. The FTP server accepts incoming FTP requests and copies files to a publishing folder for access over the network. Virtual hosting refers to multiple websites hosted on one server, with each site virtually shared and not dedicated. Cloud computing infrastructure differs from traditional client-server models by using a main cloud controller and worker nodes/clusters to process requests from clients.
The document explains how domain name servers (DNS) work by translating human-readable domain names to machine-readable IP addresses. It discusses that DNS is a distributed database system with millions of name servers around the world administered by different organizations. When a domain name needs to be resolved to an IP address, the local name server is first queried, and if it doesn't have the answer, it will query other name servers in a recursive manner until the IP address is found.
1. Domain names identify websites on the internet and are made up of two or more parts separated by dots, like yahoo.com. Domain names are mapped to IP addresses by domain name servers.
2. There are different options for hosting a website, including virtual hosting (sharing a server), virtual dedicated hosting (having a virtual private server), and dedicated hosting (owning an entire server). Each option has advantages and disadvantages related to cost, control, and flexibility.
3. Key aspects of managing a domain name include registering the name, configuring name servers, updating WHOIS records, protecting related trademarks, and resolving disputes according to ICANN policies.
Research on Key Technology of Web ReptileIRJESJOURNAL
Abstract: This paper mainly introduces the web crawler system structure. Through the analysis of the architecture of web crawler we obtainedfive functional components. They respectively are: the URL scheduler, DNS resolver, web crawling modules, web page analyzer, and the URL judgment device. To build an efficient Web crawler the key technology is to design an efficient Web crawler, so as to solve the challenges that the huge scale of Web brings
The document discusses the key components of an online business, including web servers, web browsers, database software, IP addresses, domain names, and download speeds. It explains that web servers supply website content to users, browsers are needed to view websites, databases store customer information, IP addresses and domain names identify devices and websites, and download speeds impact the user experience. Ensuring platform and browser compatibility is also discussed.
DHCP DNS P1 DHCP & Wireless Communication Methods Unicasting.pptxMUHAMMADATTAURREHMAN7
DNS is the Domain Name System that translates human-friendly domain names to IP addresses. When a user enters a domain name, the browser and OS check local caches before the resolver queries root servers and TLD servers to find the correct IP address. DHCP allows devices to obtain IP addresses automatically from a DHCP server using the DORA process of discover, offer, request, and acknowledgement. If a DHCP server cannot be found, devices will self-assign an IP address from the APIPA range of 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255.
web hosting services reviews and comparisons newfasthost
Web Hosting Services Reviews And Comparisons best web hosting, Website hosting (service that hosts your cheap web hosting website)WordPress (free, commonly used website platform)To build a fully functional website, you’ll need cheapest web hosting to secure a domain name (web address) and a web hosting account. These two make sure that your website is fully accessible to others. Without one web hosting services or another, you will be unable to set up a website. best web hosting https://webhostingpapa.com
The document provides an overview of cloud computing models including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It explains that IaaS provides virtual machines and infrastructure resources, PaaS provides platforms to build and run applications, and SaaS provides specific software applications to users. The document uses examples like hosting WordPress on IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS to illustrate the differences between the cloud models. It also discusses related topics like DNS, CDNs, and static vs dynamic content.
AD, DNS, DHCP, HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP3 and FTP use specific port numbers. The FTP server accepts incoming FTP requests and copies files to a publishing folder for access over the network. Virtual hosting refers to multiple websites hosted on one server, with each site virtually shared and not dedicated. Cloud computing infrastructure differs from traditional client-server models by using a main cloud controller and worker nodes/clusters to process requests from clients.
The document explains how domain name servers (DNS) work by translating human-readable domain names to machine-readable IP addresses. It discusses that DNS is a distributed database system with millions of name servers around the world administered by different organizations. When a domain name needs to be resolved to an IP address, the local name server is first queried, and if it doesn't have the answer, it will query other name servers in a recursive manner until the IP address is found.
1. Domain names identify websites on the internet and are made up of two or more parts separated by dots, like yahoo.com. Domain names are mapped to IP addresses by domain name servers.
2. There are different options for hosting a website, including virtual hosting (sharing a server), virtual dedicated hosting (having a virtual private server), and dedicated hosting (owning an entire server). Each option has advantages and disadvantages related to cost, control, and flexibility.
3. Key aspects of managing a domain name include registering the name, configuring name servers, updating WHOIS records, protecting related trademarks, and resolving disputes according to ICANN policies.
Research on Key Technology of Web ReptileIRJESJOURNAL
Abstract: This paper mainly introduces the web crawler system structure. Through the analysis of the architecture of web crawler we obtainedfive functional components. They respectively are: the URL scheduler, DNS resolver, web crawling modules, web page analyzer, and the URL judgment device. To build an efficient Web crawler the key technology is to design an efficient Web crawler, so as to solve the challenges that the huge scale of Web brings
The document discusses the key components of an online business, including web servers, web browsers, database software, IP addresses, domain names, and download speeds. It explains that web servers supply website content to users, browsers are needed to view websites, databases store customer information, IP addresses and domain names identify devices and websites, and download speeds impact the user experience. Ensuring platform and browser compatibility is also discussed.
DHCP DNS P1 DHCP & Wireless Communication Methods Unicasting.pptxMUHAMMADATTAURREHMAN7
DNS is the Domain Name System that translates human-friendly domain names to IP addresses. When a user enters a domain name, the browser and OS check local caches before the resolver queries root servers and TLD servers to find the correct IP address. DHCP allows devices to obtain IP addresses automatically from a DHCP server using the DORA process of discover, offer, request, and acknowledgement. If a DHCP server cannot be found, devices will self-assign an IP address from the APIPA range of 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255.
web hosting services reviews and comparisons newfasthost
Web Hosting Services Reviews And Comparisons best web hosting, Website hosting (service that hosts your cheap web hosting website)WordPress (free, commonly used website platform)To build a fully functional website, you’ll need cheapest web hosting to secure a domain name (web address) and a web hosting account. These two make sure that your website is fully accessible to others. Without one web hosting services or another, you will be unable to set up a website. best web hosting https://webhostingpapa.com
Like humans communicate with each other, computers also do communicate with each other, but not by the names; they have their unique numbers, such as IP addresses over a network. Humans are customized to address by the names instead of numbers to identify a person or a site. To communicate between computers and humans, networking engineers developed a Domain Name Server (DNS). This blog is curated about how DNS works. But before that, What is DNS?
What's New in Oracle SQL Developer for 2018Jeff Smith
All of the new features in versions 18.1, 18.2, and 18.3 of Oracle SQL Developer.
Some of these slides have animated GIFs - please see the embedded video for a live presentation of these slides.
The document provides information about DNS (Domain Name System) including how it works and how to configure a DNS server in Windows Server 2012. It discusses:
- DNS resolves human-readable domain names to machine-readable IP addresses and other information.
- It works through a series of steps where the DNS server is queried to retrieve the IP address associated with a domain name.
- Configuring a DNS server in Windows Server 2012 involves installing the DNS server role, then using the DNS Manager to configure zones, dynamic updates, and forwarders.
In this session, Tony will cover some tips, tricks and info covering HTTP baselining for troubleshooting, planning and security.
Specifically, Tony will discuss the following topics.
* HTTP items to document from within your packets
* HTTP commands
* What about proxies?
* Protocol forcing
* Looking for credentials
* Leveraging Wireshark for reporting, etc.
Again, this is a live episode so don't miss the rare opportunity to ask questions and make comments either before or during the show.
rotocols & How the Web Works
Setting up A Domain Name
Understanding Web Servers
Personal Web Server
Professional Web Hosting
Uploading Files to A Web Server
The Domain Name System (DNS) allows users to access websites using domain names instead of IP addresses. DNS works by mapping domain names to their corresponding IP addresses through a hierarchical distributed database system. When a user enters a domain name, a series of DNS servers work together to resolve the domain name to the correct IP address. This process begins with local DNS servers and may involve root servers and authoritative name servers for different domains.
The document provides details about upgrading the network design and infrastructure for King of Prussia Medical Associates. It discusses implementing a new physical security system, logical security measures, and data security policies to protect the network and patient information. The project will involve installing new hardware, software, and networking components across the five medical office locations.
SharePoint Intersections - SP09 - Introduction to SharePoint 2013 for IT ProsDan Usher
The document provides an introduction to new features in SharePoint 2013 for IT professionals, covering improvements to infrastructure, services, user interface and developer story. It highlights key changes such as distributed database and cache services, shredded storage, workflow and social collaboration updates, and the new apps model. Hardware and software requirements are also outlined.
Celebrating 31 Years Of The Domain Name System (DNS) This Month!Marie Moore
This document celebrates the 31st anniversary of the Domain Name System (DNS) which was introduced in November 1984. It provides a brief history of how DNS was developed by Jon Postel and Paul Mockapetris at the University of Southern California to address the growing difficulty of remembering IP addresses as the predecessor to the internet, ARPANET, expanded. DNS works by translating easy to remember domain names into their corresponding IP addresses, allowing computers to communicate over the internet. It concludes by explaining how DNS is a crucial component of the internet that enables all online activities and influences performance, and why outsourcing DNS to an expert provider can improve reliability.
To build a web app, one must:
1. Get a unique domain name so users can easily access the site.
2. Set up hosting for a server by renting a computer and web server space from a provider that will assign an IP address.
3. Write application code using common frameworks like LAMP or MEAN stacks, then deploy the code on the rented server. Once the domain is linked to the server IP, the web app will be accessible to users worldwide.
The document provides instructions on how to configure a DNS server. It begins by explaining what a DNS server is and its purpose of translating domain names to IP addresses. It then discusses IP addresses and the differences between dynamic and static IP addresses. Finally, it provides the steps to install and configure a Microsoft DNS server using DNS Manager. These include adding the DNS component in Windows and using DNS Manager to configure the server.
Web hosting is a service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible online by providing space on a server to store website files. There are different types of hosting including shared hosting, where resources are shared across multiple websites, VPS hosting, where each website has its own dedicated space, and dedicated hosting, where a single website has exclusive access to the server. To make a website accessible, one must register a domain name, which acts as the website's address, and choose a hosting plan from a provider to store the website files on their servers and make the site publicly available.
Nt1310 Final Exam Questions And AnswersLisa Williams
This document discusses current and future developments in open source software and information and communications technology (ICT). It first defines open source operating systems and provides examples like Linux and Kubuntu. It then defines open source application software and examples like Mozilla Firefox. It concludes by discussing recent hardware developments like Canon printers released in 2011 and 2012 that allow printing, scanning, copying and faxing over wireless connections.
some fundamental topics to remember when starting with HTMLfaiz324545
The document discusses several key aspects of web technology:
1) The internet is organized around clients making HTTP requests to servers, which return responses. Browsers are clients that request pages from web servers.
2) URLs provide a universal way to identify web pages and consist of a prefix, hostname, and path. Domain names are translated to IP addresses by DNS servers.
3) HTTP uses TCP to open connections between clients and servers to transfer requests and responses. Requests are stateless, with servers forgetting each request after sending the response.
Getting Started with Sql Server Compact EditionDonRobins
SQL Server Compact 3.51 is a free, easy-to-use, embedded database engine that lets developers build robust Windows Desktop and mobile applications that run on all Windows platforms including Windows XP, Vista, Pocket PC, and Smartphone. It allows you to replicate a local database with a big brother SQL Server using Sync Services over the web. This slide deck was presented to the San Francisco .NET User Group by Don Robins on July 29, 2009. In this presentation you will learn: •What SQL Server Compact Edition 3.51 is and how it works •How you can synchronize a database with a back-end server over the web
Like humans communicate with each other, computers also do communicate with each other, but not by the names; they have their unique numbers, such as IP addresses over a network. Humans are customized to address by the names instead of numbers to identify a person or a site. To communicate between computers and humans, networking engineers developed a Domain Name Server (DNS). This blog is curated about how DNS works. But before that, What is DNS?
What's New in Oracle SQL Developer for 2018Jeff Smith
All of the new features in versions 18.1, 18.2, and 18.3 of Oracle SQL Developer.
Some of these slides have animated GIFs - please see the embedded video for a live presentation of these slides.
The document provides information about DNS (Domain Name System) including how it works and how to configure a DNS server in Windows Server 2012. It discusses:
- DNS resolves human-readable domain names to machine-readable IP addresses and other information.
- It works through a series of steps where the DNS server is queried to retrieve the IP address associated with a domain name.
- Configuring a DNS server in Windows Server 2012 involves installing the DNS server role, then using the DNS Manager to configure zones, dynamic updates, and forwarders.
In this session, Tony will cover some tips, tricks and info covering HTTP baselining for troubleshooting, planning and security.
Specifically, Tony will discuss the following topics.
* HTTP items to document from within your packets
* HTTP commands
* What about proxies?
* Protocol forcing
* Looking for credentials
* Leveraging Wireshark for reporting, etc.
Again, this is a live episode so don't miss the rare opportunity to ask questions and make comments either before or during the show.
rotocols & How the Web Works
Setting up A Domain Name
Understanding Web Servers
Personal Web Server
Professional Web Hosting
Uploading Files to A Web Server
The Domain Name System (DNS) allows users to access websites using domain names instead of IP addresses. DNS works by mapping domain names to their corresponding IP addresses through a hierarchical distributed database system. When a user enters a domain name, a series of DNS servers work together to resolve the domain name to the correct IP address. This process begins with local DNS servers and may involve root servers and authoritative name servers for different domains.
The document provides details about upgrading the network design and infrastructure for King of Prussia Medical Associates. It discusses implementing a new physical security system, logical security measures, and data security policies to protect the network and patient information. The project will involve installing new hardware, software, and networking components across the five medical office locations.
SharePoint Intersections - SP09 - Introduction to SharePoint 2013 for IT ProsDan Usher
The document provides an introduction to new features in SharePoint 2013 for IT professionals, covering improvements to infrastructure, services, user interface and developer story. It highlights key changes such as distributed database and cache services, shredded storage, workflow and social collaboration updates, and the new apps model. Hardware and software requirements are also outlined.
Celebrating 31 Years Of The Domain Name System (DNS) This Month!Marie Moore
This document celebrates the 31st anniversary of the Domain Name System (DNS) which was introduced in November 1984. It provides a brief history of how DNS was developed by Jon Postel and Paul Mockapetris at the University of Southern California to address the growing difficulty of remembering IP addresses as the predecessor to the internet, ARPANET, expanded. DNS works by translating easy to remember domain names into their corresponding IP addresses, allowing computers to communicate over the internet. It concludes by explaining how DNS is a crucial component of the internet that enables all online activities and influences performance, and why outsourcing DNS to an expert provider can improve reliability.
To build a web app, one must:
1. Get a unique domain name so users can easily access the site.
2. Set up hosting for a server by renting a computer and web server space from a provider that will assign an IP address.
3. Write application code using common frameworks like LAMP or MEAN stacks, then deploy the code on the rented server. Once the domain is linked to the server IP, the web app will be accessible to users worldwide.
The document provides instructions on how to configure a DNS server. It begins by explaining what a DNS server is and its purpose of translating domain names to IP addresses. It then discusses IP addresses and the differences between dynamic and static IP addresses. Finally, it provides the steps to install and configure a Microsoft DNS server using DNS Manager. These include adding the DNS component in Windows and using DNS Manager to configure the server.
Web hosting is a service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible online by providing space on a server to store website files. There are different types of hosting including shared hosting, where resources are shared across multiple websites, VPS hosting, where each website has its own dedicated space, and dedicated hosting, where a single website has exclusive access to the server. To make a website accessible, one must register a domain name, which acts as the website's address, and choose a hosting plan from a provider to store the website files on their servers and make the site publicly available.
Nt1310 Final Exam Questions And AnswersLisa Williams
This document discusses current and future developments in open source software and information and communications technology (ICT). It first defines open source operating systems and provides examples like Linux and Kubuntu. It then defines open source application software and examples like Mozilla Firefox. It concludes by discussing recent hardware developments like Canon printers released in 2011 and 2012 that allow printing, scanning, copying and faxing over wireless connections.
some fundamental topics to remember when starting with HTMLfaiz324545
The document discusses several key aspects of web technology:
1) The internet is organized around clients making HTTP requests to servers, which return responses. Browsers are clients that request pages from web servers.
2) URLs provide a universal way to identify web pages and consist of a prefix, hostname, and path. Domain names are translated to IP addresses by DNS servers.
3) HTTP uses TCP to open connections between clients and servers to transfer requests and responses. Requests are stateless, with servers forgetting each request after sending the response.
Getting Started with Sql Server Compact EditionDonRobins
SQL Server Compact 3.51 is a free, easy-to-use, embedded database engine that lets developers build robust Windows Desktop and mobile applications that run on all Windows platforms including Windows XP, Vista, Pocket PC, and Smartphone. It allows you to replicate a local database with a big brother SQL Server using Sync Services over the web. This slide deck was presented to the San Francisco .NET User Group by Don Robins on July 29, 2009. In this presentation you will learn: •What SQL Server Compact Edition 3.51 is and how it works •How you can synchronize a database with a back-end server over the web
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Discovering Digital Process Twins for What-if Analysis: a Process Mining Appr...Marlon Dumas
This webinar discusses the limitations of traditional approaches for business process simulation based on had-crafted model with restrictive assumptions. It shows how process mining techniques can be assembled together to discover high-fidelity digital twins of end-to-end processes from event data.
We are pleased to share with you the latest VCOSA statistical report on the cotton and yarn industry for the month of May 2024.
Starting from January 2024, the full weekly and monthly reports will only be available for free to VCOSA members. To access the complete weekly report with figures, charts, and detailed analysis of the cotton fiber market in the past week, interested parties are kindly requested to contact VCOSA to subscribe to the newsletter.
Did you know that drowning is a leading cause of unintentional death among young children? According to recent data, children aged 1-4 years are at the highest risk. Let's raise awareness and take steps to prevent these tragic incidents. Supervision, barriers around pools, and learning CPR can make a difference. Stay safe this summer!
Enhanced data collection methods can help uncover the true extent of child abuse and neglect. This includes Integrated Data Systems from various sources (e.g., schools, healthcare providers, social services) to identify patterns and potential cases of abuse and neglect.
4. 01
02
04
05
06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKA5hz3dV-g&feature=youtu.be
✓ Introduction to Internet
5. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Most people think the Internet is a set of services such as Facebook,
Snapchat, Instagram, Gmail, etc.
✓ But, it is a global computer communication system that has made all the
services possible.
✓ Internet is a network of networks.
✓ A network is defined as a group of two or more computers / electronic
devices which are linked together.
✓ Introduction to Internet
6. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ WWW (World Wide Web)
✓ The leading information retrieval service of the Internet.
✓ The Web gives users access to a vast array of documents that are
connected to each other by means of hypertext or hypermedia links—
i.e., hyperlinks.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYUMqsqNAdM
7. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ WWW (World Wide Web)
✓ The development of the World Wide Web was begun in 1989 by Tim
Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN, an international scientific
organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.
✓ In 1990, first website was published which was info.fern.ch
✓ WWW was made available publically in 1991.
✓ In 1993, it was made free globally.
9. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Web Browser
✓ The Web operates within the Internet’s basic client server format.
✓ Servers are computer programs that store and transmit documents to
other computers on the network when asked to, while clients are
programs that request documents from a server as the user asks for
them.
✓ Browser software allows users to view the retrieved documents.
10. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Web Server
✓ A web server is computer software and underlying hardware that
accepts requests via HTTP.
11. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Web Page
✓A web page is a hypertext document on the World
Wide Web.
✓ Web pages are delivered by a web
server to the user and displayed in
a web browser.
✓A website consists of many web
pages linked together under a
common domain name.
12. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ URL
(Uniform Resource Locator)
✓ How does a browser know where to find information?
✓ A user must specify the correct web server and a web page on the
server. To do so, a user enters a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
✓ A URL is a string of characters divided into several parts by
punctuation characters
13. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Domain Name
✓A domain name is essential for website. (name and extension).
✓A web browser needs a domain name to direct you to a website.
✓An organization called ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers).
✓ICANN specifies which domain name extensions are available and keeps
a database of where the domain names point to.
14. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Domain Name
✓ Without a domain name, anyone who wanted to visit your website would
have to enter the full IP address.
✓ But the problem is that an IP address is difficult for people to memorize.
✓ Different Top level domains - .com .org .net .edu
.in .gov co.in
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkEYOt08-rU
15. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Domain Name
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72snZctFFtA
16. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Domain Name
✓Top-Level Domain Names (TLDs)
A top-level domain (TLD) identifies the rightmost part of the domain
name. A TLD is either a generic top-level domain, such as com for
commercial, or a country code top-level domain, such as fr for France.
17. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Domain Name
✓Top-Level Domain Names (TLDs)
18. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Domain Name
✓Top-Level Domain Names (TLDs)
✓ Country Code Top-Level Domain Names
➢ Two-character country codes have also been assigned as top-level domain names.
➢ These were originally intended to be meaningful and relate the domain name country code
to the geographical location of the individual or organization that registered the name.
19. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Domain Name
The DNS associates domain names with IP addresses. The following happens each time
a new URL is typed into a Web browser:
1. The DNS is accessed.
2. The corresponding IP address is obtained and returned to the Web browser.
3. The Web browser sends an HTTP request to the destination computer with the
corresponding IP address.
4. The HTTP request is received by the Web server.
5. The necessary files are located and sent by HTTP responses to the Web browser.
6. The Web browser renders and displays the Web page and associated files.
20. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Domain Name System Working:
1. DNS Resolver: When you type in google.com in your web browser and if your web browser or
operating system cannot find IP address in its own cache memory, it will send a query to next level
to what is called resolver server. Resolver server is basically your ISP or Internet service provider,
so when resolver receives this query, it will check its own cache memory to find an IP address for
google.com, and if it cannot find it it will send query to next level which is root server.
2. Root Server: The root servers are the top most server in the DNS hierarchy. There are 13 sets
of these root servers from a.root-servers.net to m.root-servers.net and they are strategically placed
around world, and they are operated by 12 different organizations and each set of these root
servers has their own unique IP address. So when root server receives query for IP address for
google.com, root server is not going to know what IP address is, but root server does know where
to send resolver to help it find IP address. So root server will direct resolver to TLD or top-level
domain server for that domain.
21. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Domain Name System Working:
3. Top Level Domain Name Server: The top-level domain server stores address information for
top-level domains such as .com and .net, .org, and so on. So when a TLD server receives query for
IP address, TLD server is not going to know what IP addresses. So the TLD will direct resolver to
next and final level, which are authoritative name servers. So once again the resolver will now ask
authoritative name server for IP address.
4. Root Server: Authoritative name server or servers are responsible for knowing everything
about domain which includes IP address. They are final authority. So when the authoritative name
server receives query from resolver, name server will respond with IP address for google.com.
And finally, resolver will tell your computer IP address and then your computer can now retrieve
google web page.
It is important to note that once resolver receives IP address, it will store it in its cache
memory in case it receives another query for that website. So it does not have to go
through all those steps again.
22. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Search Engines
A search engine is a software program that helps people find the information they are
looking for online using keywords or phrases.
23. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ IP Address
✓ Every computer on the Internet has a unique address, called an IP address, that
distinguishes it from other computers on the Internet.
✓ An IP address acts as an identifier for a specific device on a particular network.
✓IP addresses are managed and allocated by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA).
✓ Currently, there are two versions of IP addresses exist: IPv4 (Internet Protocol
Version 4) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6).
24. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ IPv4
✓IPv4 is an IP version widely used to identify devices on a network using an
addressing system.
✓It was the first version of IP deployed for production in the ARPANET in
1983.
✓It uses a 32-bit address scheme to store 2^32 addresses which is more than 4
billion addresses.
✓It is considered the primary Internet Protocol and carries 94% of Internet
traffic.
✓IPv4 address has two parts that identify a specific computer.
✓One part to identify the network where that computer resides and a second part
to pinpoint the specific computer or host within that network.
25. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ IPv4 Classful Addressing (Addressing scheme)
26. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ IPv6
✓This new IP address version is being deployed to fulfil the need for more
Internet addresses.
✓It was aimed to resolve issues which are associated with IPv4. With 128-bit
address space, it allows 340 undecillion unique address space. IPv6 also called
IPng (Internet Protocol next generation).
✓An IPv6 address has three parts.
✓A global prefix to identify the network, a subnet to identify the location
within the network, and the interface ID to identify the specific computer or
host.
27. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ IPv6 Addressing Scheme
✓ The lower 16 bits are used for subnets on an internal networks, and are
controlled by a network administrator.
✓ The upper 48 bits are used for the global network addresses and are for routing
over the internet.
29. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓Protocols
✓ Protocols are rules that describe how clients and servers communicate with
each other over a network.
✓ There is no single protocol that makes the Internet and Web work—a
number of protocols with specific functions are needed.
30. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
✓HTTP is a set of rules for exchanging files such as text, graphic images,
sound,
video, and other multimedia files on the Web.
✓Web browsers and Web servers usually use this protocol. When the user of a
Web browser requests a file by typing a Web site address or clicking a
hyperlink, the browser builds an HTTP request and sends it to the server.
✓The Web server in the destination machine receives the request, does any
necessary processing, and responds with the requested file and any
associated media files.
31. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ HTTP vs HTTPS
32. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ HTTP vs HTTPS
33. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
✓ File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a set of rules that allow files to be
exchanged between computers on the Internet.
✓ Unlike HTTP, which is used by Web browsers to request Web pages and
their associated files in order to display a Web page, FTP is used simply to
move files from one computer to another.
✓ Web developers commonly use FTP to transfer Web page files from their
computers to Web servers.
✓ FTP is also commonly used to download programs and files from other
servers to individual computers.
34. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
✓ We can use FTP to access a remote computer on the network to get or
receive files, or to put or send files.
✓ A computer on the Internet that offers FTP access is said to be an FTP host
or FTP server.
35. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ Why FTP?
✓ Although transferring files from one system to another is very
simple and straightforward, but sometimes it can cause problems.
✓ For example, two systems may have different file conventions.
✓ Two systems may have different ways to represent text and data.
✓ Two systems may have different directory structures.
✓ FTP protocol overcomes these problems by establishing two
connections between hosts.
✓ One connection is used for data transfer, and another connection
is used for the control connection.
36. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓FTP mechanism
✓ Control Connection: The control connection uses very simple rules for
communication. Through control connection, we can transfer a line of
command or line of response at a time. The control connection is made
between the control processes. The control connection remains connected
during the entire interactive FTP session.
✓ Data Connection: The Data Connection uses very complex rules as data types
may vary. The data connection is made between data transfer processes. The
data connection opens when a command comes for transferring the files and
closes when the file is transferred.
37. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ FTP mechanism
38. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP)
✓ Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) has been adopted as
the official communication protocol of the Internet.
✓ TCP and IP have different functions that work together to ensure reliable
communication over the Internet.
✓ TCP starts by breaking files and messages into individual units called packets.
These packets contain information such as the destination, source, sequence
number, and checksum values used to verify the integrity of the data.
39. 06
Prof. Surabhi R Palkar
Basics of Web Design (09CE2102)
✓ TCP/IP
✓TCP is used together with IP to transmit files efficiently over the Internet.
✓IP takes over after TCP creates the packets, using IP addressing to send each
packet over the Internet using the best path at the particular time.
✓When the destination address is reached, TCP verifies the integrity of each
packet using the checksum, requests a resend if a packet is damaged, and
reassembles the file or message from the multiple packets.