Economy of india and china
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While both India and China have large, diverse economies that were historically influenced by ancient civilizations, China's economy has developed more than India's for a few key reasons. China was not colonized like India was, allowing it to avoid huge economic losses from draining resources. Additionally, China adopted a planned economic model earlier than India. Currently, China has a larger nominal GDP, higher GDP growth rate, and greater GDP per capita than India. The main industries and economic sectors of both countries include agriculture, mining, manufacturing, energy, and services.
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![ECONOMY OF INDIA AND CHINA<br />Making an in depth study and analysis of India vs. China economy seems to be a very hard task. Both India and China rank among the front runners of global economy and are among the world's most diverse nations. Both the countries were among the most ancient civilizations and their economies are influenced by a number of social, political, economic and other factors. However, if we try to properly understand the various economic and market trends and features of the countries, we can make a comparison between Indian and Chinese economy.<br />In some respects, the rise of India has been greatly overshadowed by what has happened in China over the past twenty years. If the development in China had not occurred, then it would be India that would be considered the new darling of global growth. To some extent, that has enabled India to commence its own growth curves without the media attention that has been focused on China.<br />If we make the analysis of the India vs. China economy, we can see that there are a number of factors that has made China a better economy than India. First thing, India was under the colonial rule of the British for around 190 years. This drained the country's resources to a great extent and led to huge economic loss. On the other hand, there was no such instance of colonization in China. As such, from the very beginning, the country enjoyed a planned economic model which made it stronger.<br />Going by the basic facts, the economy of China is more developed than that of India.<br />BASISINDIACHINAGDP(Nominal)$1.235 trillion(11th)$4.990trillion(3rd)GDP(PPP)$3.526 trillion(4th)$8.770trillion(2nd)GDP Growth7.4%(yr-2009-10)9.1%(yr-2009-10)GDP Per Capita(nominal)$1031(yr-2009)Rank-139$3677(yr-2009)Rank-97GDP Per Capita(PPP)$2941(yr-2009)Rank-128$6567(yr-2009)Rank-98GDP(By Sector)Agriculture-17.5%Industry-20%Services-62.5%Agriculture-10.9%Industry-48.6%Services-40.5%Inflation10.16%(may-2010)3.1%(Q-2,2010)Labour Force467 million(yr-2009)812.7 million(yr-2009)Labour Force(By occupation)Agriculture (52%)Industry (14%) Services (34%) (2003)Agriculture (39.5%)Industry (33.2%)Services (27.2%) (2008)Gini Index36.846.9Unemployment10.7%4.3%Exports$155 billion (yr-2009 )$1.2 trillion (yr-2009)Imports$232.3 billion (yr-2009 )$1.01 trillion (yr-2009)Revenues$153.5 billion (yr-2008 )$972.3 billion (yr-2009)Expenses$223 billion (yr-2009 )$1.137 trillion (yr-2009)Foreign Reserves$287.37 billion $2,447.1 billion <br />MAIN INDUSTRIES:-<br />,[object Object],IMPORT GOODS<br />,[object Object],EXPORT GOODS<br />,[object Object],MAIN EXPORT PARTNERS<br />,[object Object], <br />MAIN IMPORT PARTNERS<br />,[object Object],MAIN SECTORS OF ECONOMY<br />,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/economyofindiaandchina-111011084953-phpapp02/85/Economy-of-india-and-china-1-320.jpg)
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A Cross Cultural Comparison Of Ethical Attitudes Of Business Managers India, ...
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Economics is the study of how societies use their resources to produce goods and services. It is a social science that examines the production, distribution, .... Essays in economic development ... and obstacles faced by the poorer nations of the global economy on the path to development are extremely diverse.. Free Essay: Many people think that economics is about money. Well, to some extent this is true. Economics has a lot to do with money: with how much money.... Analysis of the Tourism & Airline Industry in the UAE. Example essay. Last modified: 4th Jun 2023.. Up: Economics Network > Writing for Economics. Essay writing. The idea of setting essays is to offer you the chance to make a longer, more complex argument.. Economics essays often examine how governments can manage resources to promote economic growth. In addition, economics essays may also analyze the impact of .... evidence on three issues within the field of economic development: the effect of social networks on immigrants' labor market outcomes (first essay), .... Lionel Robbins, biography, from the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Robbins' most famous book was An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science .... This thesis was written while I worked at the Research Unit on Economic ... Lilja examined an earlier version of the first essay and provided useful .... The list of economic essay topics is endless – the field focuses on multiple areas of human interactions on different scales. Choosing one of the economics ...
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Job less growth
The wave of Economic reforms appeared on India’s shores in 1991, much after china’s and other south East Asian countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong. Due to economic reforms, however delayed they were, Indian economy were able to brake the shackles of heavy protectionism and license raj. Economic reforms (1980s reforms and 1991 reforms) did bring out the economy from the shameful reference of so called “Hindu Growth rate” of witnessing almost stagnant 3.5% GDP growth rate. Since independence India being a country with a demographic reality which are both challenging and unique, has a perennial problem of providing employment to millions of job seekers. The other fact which is unique to India only is that service sector contribution into growth rate has risen sharply in the developing countries’ economies like India in nineties, and, therefore, have become a self propelling and dynamic sector in the accelerated growth in the economies.
This study focuses on service sector as a vector of Indian globalization. The impact of new economic reforms which acted as a catalyst for service sector is to be reviewed as they opened door for the growth rate of the country and made India a destination of FDI inflow and out flow but that increased growth rate is not translated in providing employment to the millions.
Job less growth
The wave of Economic reforms appeared on India’s shores in 1991, much after china’s and other south East Asian countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong. Due to economic reforms, however delayed they were, Indian economy were able to brake the shackles of heavy protectionism and license raj. Economic reforms (1980s reforms and 1991 reforms) did bring out the economy from the shameful reference of so called “Hindu Growth rate” of witnessing almost stagnant 3.5% GDP growth rate. Since independence India being a country with a demographic reality which are both challenging and unique, has a perennial problem of providing employment to millions of job seekers. The other fact which is unique to India only is that service sector contribution into growth rate has risen sharply in the developing countries’ economies like India in nineties, and, therefore, have become a self propelling and dynamic sector in the accelerated growth in the economies.
This study focuses on service sector as a vector of Indian globalization. The impact of new economic reforms which acted as a catalyst for service sector is to be reviewed as they opened door for the growth rate of the country and made India a destination of FDI inflow and out flow but that increased growth rate is not translated in providing employment to the millions.
Development of indian economy
India has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, ranked 4th globally by PPP in 2001. Its economy is driven by agriculture, manufacturing, and services industries. Economic development depends on increasing efficiency, technological progress, and a shift away from agriculture. Historically, India's economy has progressed through pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial phases. It faces challenges like poverty, unemployment, population growth, and rural-urban disparities but is addressing these through reforms and investment in infrastructure, education, and technology. If current growth continues, India may become a developed economy by 2020-2025.
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The document discusses the impact of globalization on the Indian economy and service sector. It notes that globalization has had a highly positive impact on India's economic growth, reducing poverty and increasing employment, exports, and competitiveness. The service sector is a major contributor to India's social and economic growth, and has grown significantly due to factors like urbanization and privatization. India's GDP growth rate has increased from 5.6% in 1980-1990 to over 8% in some years since the 1990s. India has also improved its global economic position and is now a top exporter of services. However, the document cautions that policies like liberalization and privatization must be properly sequenced and paced to provide safety nets and avoid
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China's economy has grown rapidly since economic reforms began in 1978. It is now the world's second largest economy, having surpassed major economies like Germany and Japan. However, China's impact on the global economy depends not just on its growth but also on how integrated its economy is with the world. While China's exports and imports have increased as a percentage of its GDP, indicating greater economic integration, its share of global GDP and contribution to world growth have begun to level off in recent decades as other nations like India experience stronger growth. Both China and India influence the global economy through increased trade but also compete in some markets while complementing each other in others. Overall China's large economy has significant effects on global trade and growth patterns
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The document discusses India's share in the world economy over different periods of history. It was divided into three eras: pre-colonial, British colonial rule, and post-independence. After independence in 1947, India's economy was influenced by the British system and focused on import substitution, industrialization, and state intervention. Economic reforms in 1991 opened India's economy. The document also outlines India's contributions to the world economy through sectors like agriculture, industry, services, and its growing GDP and workforce. It compares India's economic growth to China's and projects that India may become a superpower if it focuses on infrastructure, education, and improving its business climate and public expenditure efficiency.
Economy of India
The economy of India is the eleventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third largest by purchasing power parity. Some key facts about the Indian economy include:
- Agriculture accounts for around 17% of GDP while industry accounts for 26% and services 56%;
- The economy has grown rapidly in recent decades since liberalizing and opening up in the 1990s, with growth rates over 6% annually;
- Major industries include telecommunications, textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software and pharmaceuticals.
Economics
Globalization has had a highly positive impact on the Indian economy. It has led to high economic growth, booming exports, reduced poverty, increased employment, decreased inflation, and improved quality of products. The service sector is a major driver of India's social and economic growth. It has grown due to urbanization, privatization, and increased demand for intermediate and consumer services. While globalization has benefited India, its policies must be customized to each country and have adequate safety nets and regulatory frameworks to balance economic development with social costs.
Economy Of India
India has seen significant economic growth since gaining independence in 1947, transforming from a primarily agricultural economy to one with heavy industry, transportation, and telecommunications. However, India still faces issues with infrastructure, as nearly 25% of Indians lack access to electricity and road connectivity in rural areas remains limited. The government has implemented various five-year plans to boost economic development and infrastructure spending. While trade deficits have fluctuated, India has maintained strong economic ties with partners like the US, UK, and Germany through imports and exports.
Indian Economy Smart
1. The document discusses the "flying geese" model of economic development in Asia whereby countries develop in a staggered formation led initially by Japan, then followed by South Korea, Taiwan, and later Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand as they transitioned to higher value manufacturing.
2. It notes that China has now surpassed Japan as the largest economy in Asia and discusses India's rapid economic growth which differs from the export-led models of other Asian countries by being driven more by domestic consumption and the services sector rather than manufacturing.
3. The document argues that with continued high growth, India has the potential to become one of the largest economies in the world on par with China, but that infrastructure bottlenecks currently constrain
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Syllabus
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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