For the undergraduate course entitled Ag. Econ. 6.4: Farm Management, Production and Resource Economics offered by Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat as well as other State Agricultural Universities (SAU's) in India and Land Grant Universities around the globe.
For the undergraduate course entitled Ag. Econ. 6.4: Farm Management, Production and Resource Economics offered by Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat as well as other State Agricultural Universities (SAU's) in India and Land Grant Universities around the globe.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the what'sapp contact of my personal vendor.
+12349014282
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just what'sapp this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
+12349014282
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
This presentation poster infographic delves into the multifaceted impacts of globalization through the lens of Nike, a prominent global brand. It explores how globalization has reshaped Nike's supply chain, marketing strategies, and cultural influence worldwide, examining both the benefits and challenges associated with its global expansion.
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What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the what's app number of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
+12349014282
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
الدرس الأول اقتصاد
1. Title
Date
Lifetime Learning… Building Success… Towards Globalization
Economics -Chapter 1
The Nature of Economics
Lifetime Learning… Building Success… Towards Globalization
2. Economics - Definition
• Economics is the;
• science which studies human behavior;
• as a relationship;
• between ends and scarce means;
• which have alternative uses
– Lord Robbins.
EIBFS/Economics
3. Definition Explained
a. Economics is a social science in that it uses scientific methods
to study human behaviour.
b. Human needs are unlimited whereas resources are in limited
supply, hence the problem of scarcity.
c. The resources can be put to alternative uses in order to meet
certain ends. (needs)
Note: Choices have to be made to utilize scarce resources
EIBFS/Economics
4. Scarcity and choice
• Wants unlimited
• Means (resources) limited
• Choice between alternatives
• Opportunity cost.
EIBFS/Economics
4
5. Reading Graph
EIBFS/Economics
• Vertical and horizontal axis
• Price → vertical axis
• Quantity demanded →
Horizontal axis
• Price is shown in units,
Quantity demanded in time
period
• The relationship between
the two variables is inverse;
negative.
Economists make assumption of ceteris paribus ‘meaning other things being equal’
6. The Nature of Economic Problem
• Economics studies the;
– allocation
– distribution
– utilization of resources
– to meet human needs.
EIBFS/Economics
7. Economic Problem cont…
• Main economic problem can be summarized as:
• Allocation of Resources: What gets produced.
• Distribution of Resources between different groups
in the society. (who gets what is produced)
• Utilization of resources: All the available resources
are used effectively.
• Since the resources are limited in supply (scarce) and
the wants are unlimited choice has to be made.
EIBFS/Economics
8. The Nature of Economic Problem Cont…..
• The resources an economy has at its disposal to
satisfy the unlimited wants are termed by
economists as inputs or factors of production and
divided into the following categories:
a. Land; Natural resources
b. Labour: Human resources:
c. Capital: Physical resources
EIBFS/Economics
9. Opportunity Cost
Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF)
• Opportunity cost of producing more of one good is less of the
other.
• Opportunity cost can be defined as the best alternative
forgone or sacrificed.
• A production possibilities frontier (PPF) represents the
combinations of the two products that the country can
produce if it fully utilizes all of its resources.
EIBFS/Economics
10. Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF)
• An economy should
produce at any point on the
PPF.
• Points inside PPF (G in the
diagram) an economy is
underutilizing its resources.
• Points outside the frontier
(H in the diagram) are
unattainable. (production
not possible with available
resources).
EIBFS/Economics
11. • A shift outwards in the PPF
represents the ability to
produce more goods and
services with the same
inputs.
• This may be the result of
technological change or
other productive
improvements.
EIBFS/Economics
12. PPF and Opportunity Cost
• The PPF can be viewed in
terms of opportunity cost
since to produce more
units of one product
needs resources to be
taken from production of
the other.
EIBFS/Economics
A straight line opportunity
cost curve shows constant
opportunity cost at each
point.
13. Economic Systems
• Economic system refers to the approach taken when
dealing with the economic problem of;
– allocating,
– distributing‘, and;
– utilizing recourses.
EIBFS/Economics
14. • Three main types of economic systems are:
• A Market Economy:
• A Planned Economy
• A Mixed Economy
EIBFS/Economics
15. Market economy
• What is a market economy?
• A market economy allocates resources through the price
mechanism; and prices are determined by demand and
supply.
EIBFS/Economics
16. Advantages of the
• Resources are allocated without government
intervention.
• The consumer dictates to the producers, what is
produced.
• Producers produce those goods and services which
gives most profit.
EIBFS/Economics
17. Market Economy
Advantages
• Resources allocation
without government
intervention.
• The consumer dictates to
the producers, what is
produced.
• Producers produce those
goods which gives most
profit.
Disadvantages
• Based on the ‘ability to pay’
and not on need.
• Generates competition
between producers.
• Pollution, noise, traffic
congestions etc.
• Certain public goods (health
education, defence) may be
not provided
EIBFS/Economics
18. The Planned Economy
• In a planned economy the government decides;
– what to produce;
– how to allocate the resources and;
– distribute the goods and services
EIBFS/Economics
19. Planned Economy
Advantages
a. No wasteful
competition.
b. more equal distribution
of income and wealth.
c. price control.
Disadvantages
a.Overproduction/underpro
duction of certain goods
and services.
b.lack of motivation for
work.
c. lack of competition
between the companies
d.misuse of resources.
EIBFS/Economics
20. The Mixed Economy
• A mixed economic system combines merits of both the
market and planned economies.
• The mixed economy aims to allow the market to operate, with
government intervening in the economy only where the
market fails.
• Providing those goods and services such as;
– law and order, education and health services which would have been
under-provided if left to the market.
– Most economies throughout the world are mixed economies
EIBFS/Economics
21. Why Mixed Economy?
• The free market economy can cause:
a.Up and down in the economic activity.
b.Monopoly power
c.Inequalities
d.Environment problem
So government intervention and control is required
EIBFS/Economics
22. Positive and Normative Economics
• Positive economics deal with what is or what will be—
statements that can be empirically tested.
– Example: If the government increase the income tax it will
lead to a fall in the level of consumer expenditure.
• Normative economics deals with should or ought —
statements that cannot be tested empirically.
– Example: Income should be distributed more equally.
EIBFS/Economics
23. Micro and Macroeconomics
• Microeconomics deals with the decision making of
individuals and firms and how particular market
works.
• Macroeconomics studies the operation of the
economy as a whole covering such areas as;
unemployment, inflation and aggregate demand.
EIBFS/Economics