This document provides an introduction to a presentation on the economic geography of Bangladesh. It lists the group members and their details. It then outlines the introduction, background on Bangladesh, purpose of the study, and scope and objectives. The introduction section provides background on Bangladesh's population, independence in 1971, and growth in sectors like agriculture, textiles and pharmaceuticals. It states the purpose is a comprehensive analysis and the scope is to analyze economic structure, regional disparities, transportation networks, trade patterns, investment opportunities and more.

1. Welcome to Our
Presentation
On
“Economic Geography Of
Bangladesh”

2. Exam Roll Name Registration
1703009 Faysal Mahmud 07650
1703013 Md. Tazwarul Islam Tasnim 07654
1703026 Ahmmed Rezwan 07667
1703044 Kefayet Ullah Opu 7785
1703057 Afifa Islam Tonny 07698
1703077 Afsana Aktar Anni 07718
1703078 Eausuf 07719
1703083 Md. Abdus Samad 07724
Group member details

3. Eausuf
Id No: 1703078
Reg. No: 07719

4. Introduction
Background information on
Bangladesh
Purpose of the study report
Scope and objectives of the study

5. Introduction
Background information on
Bangladesh
 Bangladesh, with a population exceeding 160
million, is one of the most densely populated
countries globally.
 It gained independence from Pakistan in 1971
 Bangladesh has made remarkable strides in
agriculture, textiles, garments, and
pharmaceuticals.

6. Introduction
Purpose of the study report
 To provide a comprehensive analysis of the
economic geography of Bangladesh.
 It aims to uncover the intricate interplay
between physical geography, natural
resources, human capital, infrastructure, and
economic activities within the country

7. Introduction
Scope and objectives of the study
 Analyze the economic structure of Bangladesh, identifying
key sectors and their contributions to national GDP.
 Examine the regional disparities, spatial distribution and
the implications for development.
 Evaluate the effectiveness of transportation networks in
facilitating domestic and international trade flows.

8. Introduction
Scope and objectives of the study
 Investigate trade patterns and relationships, exploring
the country's export-import dynamics, trading partners,
and potential areas for diversification.
 Identify investment opportunities in emerging sectors,
highlighting potential avenues for economic growth and
attracting domestic and foreign investment

9. Physical Geography of
Bangladesh
(Faysal Mahmud)

10. Md. Tazwarul Islam Tasnim
ID No: 1703013; Reg. No: 07654

11. Classification of natural resources
01
05
04
02
06
03
Agricultural
resources
Animal
Resources
Power
Resources
Minerals
Water
Resources
Forests and
biodiversity

12. Classification of natural resources
07 08 09
Fisheries Coastal and
marine
resources
Renewable
energy

13. Agricultural resources
● Having 90,990 square kilometers arable lands
● GDP share of agriculture is about 14.10 percent
● 63 percent of people directly or indirectly depend on
agriculture

14. Minerals
Only a few mineral resources have been discovered here, those are:
● Natural Gas
● Limestone
● Coal
● China Clay
● Silica
● Hard Rocks

15. Natural Gas
● Contributes to more than 70% of commercial energy in
the country
● 27 gas fields of production producing
● Producing about 39.90 trillion cubic feet of natural gas
● Extracting gas from the 21-gas field

16. ● Provides oxygen, wood, a shelter for birds and animals and raw materials for industry
● Maintaining 25 percent of its area under forest to maintain a good natural environment
● Having only 11.1 percent forest which is divided into five zones
● Sundarbans taking a large share of nearly 40 percent of the total forest
● Total land covered by forests is about 20 percent of the main land
● Accounts for 2.93 percent of the GDP with annual growth rate of about 5 percent
● Official record of forest area being 2.5 million hectares or 17 percent of the total land
● Valuable tree species to Bangladesh forests include the Passur, Baen, Sundari, and Keora
● 34 Protected Areas (PA) in Bangladesh, of which 17 are National Parks and 17 Wildlife
Sanctuaries
Forests and biodiversity

17. Water Resources
There are mainly three sources of water found in this country,
those are:
1. Rivers, haor, beels, steam, canals, ponds and seas
2. Precipitation
3. Waters inside the land

18. ● Help us in many ways like fishes grown on water, the water transport system has a low
cost, hydro-electricity system
● Being heavily dependent on its groundwater resources
● Dhaka WASA (Water Supply & Sewerage Authority) produces 2,110 million liters of water
per day
● 87.72 percent of which comes from underground while the rest comes from the surface
Water Resources

19. ● Biggest consumers of fish-based animal protein of which 60% protein coming from fish
supplies
● Possesses plenty of prawns, lobsters, turtles, mollusks, and other fishery resources
● Producing more than 2.8 million tons of fish every year
● Provides about 1.4 million job opportunities to citizens of Bangladesh
● Contribute to foreign exchange earnings
● Almost 30 percent of all inland fish species are threatened with extinction
● To unlock the potential of the climate-smart "blue" economy
Fish Resources

20. ● Power System Master Plan (PSMP) 2010 to improve and expand electricity supply
to support GDP growth in the 7-8 percent range
● Installed power generation capacity needs to be increased to 24,000 MW and
39,000 MW by 2021 and 2030 respectively
Renewable energy

21. ● Non-renewable natural resources – coal, gas, minerals, ceramic soil, stone and
boulder
● The seventh-largest producer of natural gas in Asia
● Having five main coal mines such as Jamalganj and Joypurhat, Barapukuria and
Dinajpur, Khalaspir, Dighipara, Phulbari and Dinajpur
Non-renewable natural
Resources

22. Ahmmed Rezwan
Id: 1703026
Reg No: 07667

23. Industrial Sector

24. one of the world's largest exporters of garments. country exported
garments worth $34.13 billion in the fiscal year 2020-2021.
benefits from the availability of low-cost labor and the government's
support. Exports reached $8.6 billion in the fiscal year 2020-2021.
Bangladesh's companies comply with international standards and
have a strong presence in the global market. Exports from Bangladesh
stood at around $162 million.
RMG
Textile Industry
Pharmaceuticals
Overview of industrial Landscape in Bangladesh

25. Analysis of major industries of Bangladesh
Garment exports over the years:
• Fiscal Year 2018-2019: Garment exports were valued at $34.13 billion.
• Fiscal Year 2019-2020: Garment exports reached $28.14 billion.
• Fiscal Year 2020-2021: Garment exports amounted to $27.95 billion.

26. Industrial Policy 2016
BEPZA Act, 1980
SEZ Act, 2010
BIDA Act, 2016
Key policy frameworks and laws
Industrial policies and policies for industrial growth

27. The role of industries in employee generation and GDP contribution
GDP Contribution
Generating value-added output, increasing productivity, and driving export earnings.
Garments and Textiles
A major driver of Bangladesh's export-oriented economy, contributing significantly.
Pharmaceuticals
Industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years The sector's expansion, driven
by both domestic consumption and export growth,

28. Kefayet Ullah Opu
Id: 1703044
Reg No: 07785

29. Trade and export pattern
Major export sectors include garments and textiles,
jute and jute products, leather goods, pharmaceuticals,
seafood, and agricultural products.
Key markets such as the United States, European
Union, and neighboring countries like India.
Regional trade agreements like SAFTA and BIMSTEC.

30. Bangladesh's trade relationships and partners
● A major market for garments,
textiles, and other manufactured
goods.
● Bangladesh benefits from duty-
free and quota-free access to the
EU under the Everything But Arms
(EBA) initiative.
● One of the largest trading
partners for Bangladesh.
● Textiles and garments are the
primary exports.
● The Generalized System of
Preferences (GSP) program has
facilitated trade between the two
countries .
The United States European Union (EU)

31. Bangladesh's trade relationships and partners
(cont.)
● India holds strategic importance as a trading partner for Bangladesh.
● Bilateral trade includes various goods such as raw materials, textiles,
and agricultural products.
● Both countries have taken steps to enhance trade cooperation through
initiatives like the Bilateral Trade Agreement and the South Asian Free
Trade Area (SAFTA).
India

32. Regional Trade Agreements
● Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-
Sectoral Technical and Economic
Cooperation.
● BIMSTEC is a regional initiative
comprising countries bordering the
Bay of Bengal.
● Trade and economic cooperation
among member countries.
● South Asian Free Trade Area
● Aims to promote trade among
South Asian countries.
● SAFTA reduces trade barriers,
such as tariffs, and facilitates
regional economic integration.
1. SAFTA 2. BIMSTEC

33. 1. Ready Made Garments
(RMG)
2. Jute and Jute Products
10 Major Exportable Products of Bangladesh
Bringing Highest Earning
27.95
31.46
2020-21 2021-22
Billions of Dollars
6.21
6.59
2020-21 2021-22
Billions of Taka

34. ● Shrimp exports: Soared to $268.95 million (2,852 crores) from
March to August 2022.
● Frozen fish exports: Dropped to $53.05 million (532 crores)
during the same period.
● Live fish exports: Increased by 34% to $4.41 million (46
crores).
3. Fish, Shrimps, and Prawns

35. ● 30.95% increase in leather exports from July 2021 to March
2022 (Total earnings of $896.8 million or BDT 9,510 crore ).
● 34.41% growth in leather goods exports during the same
period (Export earnings reached $242.0 million or BDT 2,566
crore).
● Italy, Spain, and Hong Kong as primary export markets.
4. Leather and Leather Products

36. Cont.
● Bangladesh's vegetable exports have
grown by 100% during the July-August
period of the last fiscal year.
● Agricultural products, including
vegetables, fruits, and spices, earned
$1.16 billion or BDT 12,302 crore in FY22,
with a growth rate of 13.04%.
● Covers bed linen, bed sheets,
bedroom textiles, bath linen,
carpets etc.
● During July 2021 to April 2022
export value is around $1.3 billion
or BDT 13,786 crore.
● Main export markets include US,
Europe, Japan, Canada, and
Australia.
5. Home Textile 6. Agro Products

37. Examination of trade policies and initiatives to enhance international trade
• Promote exports
• Attract foreign direct investment (FDI)
• Improve trade facilitation
• Enhance competitiveness
These policies Aim to -

38. Some of the key trade policies and initiatives undertaken by Bangladesh:
1. Export-oriented industrialization
2. Duty drawback and cash incentives
3. Preferential trade agreements
4. Trade facilitation measures
5. Export diversification

39. Md. Abdus Samad
Id No: 1703083
Reg. No: 07724

40. Regional Disparities
Regional imbalances or disparities refer to large discrepancies across areas
in terms of per capita income, literacy rates, health and education services,
degrees of industrialization, infrastructure, and so on. areas can be states
or areas within states
Regional disparities are almost twice as great in developing countries as
they are in mature nations. Such geographical variations are also evident in
labor-market performance (for example, labor productivity, employment,
and earnings) and measures of human development (for example, education
and health outcomes)
Defination
Where?

41. Discussion
 It is ironic that geographical variance in budget allocation
remains among Bangladeshi regions. Though uniform
budget distribution is not practicable in today's
socioeconomic realities, extreme variance in budget
distribution is a barrier to the country's balanced growth. The
section that follows discusses the geographical variations in
budget allocation.
Budget Disparities

42. Discussion
Regional disparities in the allocation of yearly development plans have
become rather noticeable over the years. According to Finance
Ministry figures, Dhaka division received the greatest allocation of
ADP totaling 6263 crore taka, followed by Chattogram (4970 Cr. TK)
and Rajshahi (4354) accordingly. Sylhet was the district with the
lowest ADP allocation during this fiscal year, with just 1517 Cr. Tk.
However, in terms of per capita spending, Sylhet division had the
greatest allocation of 1.76 thousand taka, while Rajshahi division
received the lowest allocation of 1.33 million taka.
Development Budget Disparities

43. Discussion
 The non-development budget follows the same pattern as the
development budget. According to Finance Ministry figures for the
fiscal year 2008-09, Dhaka division received the largest allocation
of ADP for non-development spending of 26502 crore taka,
followed by Chattogram (11051 Cr. TK) and Rajshahi (15864).
Sylhet was the district with the lowest ADP allocation during this
fiscal year, at just 2697 Cr. Tk. In terms of per capita spending,
Dhaka division had the greatest allocation of non-development
budget per capita, totalling 6.27 thousand taka, while Sylhet division
received the lowest, totaling 3.14 thousand taka.
Non Development Budget Disparities

44. Discussion
The government should pay greater attention
to improving subsidiary facilities in order to
accelerate industrialization and decentralize it,
particularly in the country's backward regions.
It will generate more jobs, and the better
socioeconomic conditions of the remote
regions will cause macroeconomic indicators
to rise. Building social awareness through
educating people through the establishment of
new educational institutions
What to do
01
02
Sector of Progression
Agriculture, allocations for
health, education, and
agriculture should prioritize the
health of the disadvantaged
people in these regions
Private Investment
Non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) to improve social, economic,
educational, and regional levels.
Projects or programs should adhere to
the plan's objectives and aims.

45. Afsana Aktar Anni
ID-1703077
Reg no-0718

46.  Bangladesh’s economic geography faced challenges such as population growth, limited
natural resources, and environmental sustainability. These factors impact economic
activities, regional development, and the overall economic landscape of Bangladesh.
 Urbanization, infrastructure development, and transportation networks are also some
challenges for Bangladesh.
Challenges

47.  Bangladesh's economic geography has some opportunities such as:
 Agriculture, textiles and garments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, and services.
 Any regional or international initiatives that present opportunities for Bangladesh's
economic geography.
 This could include trade agreements, infrastructure projects, or partnerships with
neighboring countries or global organizations that facilitate trade and investment
Opportunities

48. Afifa Islam Tonny
ID-1703057
Reg no-07698

49. ● Prioritize inclusive regional development by investing in infrastructure, education, and
healthcare in underdeveloped areas, reducing regional disparities and promoting balanced
growth.
● Foster diversification beyond traditional industries like textiles and garments, encouraging
investments in knowledge-intensive sectors such as information technology,
pharmaceuticals, renewable energy, and tourism.
● Strengthen transportation networks through continued investment in infrastructure,
enhancing connectivity and facilitating the efficient movement of goods and people across
the country.
Recommendations:

50. ● Explore new markets and diversify export destinations to reduce dependence on a few
countries, mitigating risks associated with external shocks and expanding market access
for Bangladeshi products.
● Embrace sustainable practices in industries, promoting green technologies, sustainable
manufacturing processes, and responsible resource management to ensure long-term
environmental and economic sustainability.
Recommendations:

51. ● The significance of studying the economic geography of Bangladesh and its relevance in
understanding the country's economic development and spatial patterns was discussed.
● Mentioned the factors that shape economic activities, such as natural resources,
infrastructure, and regional disparities.
● Addressed the challenges faced by Bangladesh, including population growth, environmental
sustainability, and urbanization, and emphasize the need for sustainable solutions
● Conclude by highlighting the overall importance of understanding the economic geography
of Bangladesh in the context of its development trajectory
Conclusion