Chinese philosophy originated thousands of years ago and includes Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Buddhism, and Mohism. Confucianism, founded by Confucius, emphasized proper social relationships, education, and moral behavior. Taoism focuses on natural order and balance of yin and yang. Legalism advocated for clear, strict laws. Buddhism arrived from India and was later influenced by Chinese traditions. These philosophies also influenced philosophies in Korea and Japan, along with native religions like Shinto in Japan.

2. Robelyn Sabior

4. China

5. Chinese Philosophies
Introduction
Chinese Philosophy refers to any of several
schools of philosophical thought in the Chinese
tradition,
including Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Bu
ddhism and Mohism. It has a long history of
several thousand years.

6. History of Chinese Philosophy

7. It is known that early Shang
Dynasty (c. 1600 BC - 1046 B.C.)
thought was based on cyclicity,
from observation of the cycles of
day and night, the seasons, the
moon, etc.

8. During this time, both gods and ancestors were
worshipped and there were human and
animal sacrifices. Kings were political and religious
leaders. In this dynasty, they believe that there is life
after death. They sacrificed human to win the favor
of the gods.

9. During the succeeding Zhou
Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 B.C.), the
concept of the Mandate of
Heaven was introduced

10. •Kings were called the “Sons of Heaven
•Longest lasting dynasty in Chinese History
•Founders were king Wen and Wu
•1st sections of the great Wall were built
•Divided into 2 part: Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou
•Confucius was born during this dynasty
•Chopsticks were thought to be invented in the Zhou dynasty
•Also known as the Chou dynasty

11. The main schools of Chinese philosophy are:
Confucianism:
Confucianism was founded in China around 500 BCE, during the
Zhou Dynasty.
Confucianism was founded by Confucian, aka Kongzi in 551-479
BC.
Confucius believed that there was a basic order in the Universe
that should be reflected in human relationships. The family unit
being the central relationship.
Confucianism emphasized the importance of education.

12. Confucianism:
Use the right relationships
to produce social order
Respect for family and
older generations
Educate individuals and
society
Act in morally correct ways
Confucianism emphasized the following principles:

13. Confucianism:
Practitioners work to
become a person of
moral quality.

14. Confucianism:
5 virtues of Confucianism:
Rén (仁, benevolence, humaneness);
Yì (義/义, righteousness or justice)
Lǐ (禮/礼, proper rite);
Zhì (智, knowledge);
Xìn (信, integrity).

15. Sometimes also written Daoism, Taoism is
a philosophy which later also developed
into a religion. Tao literally means "path"
or "way", although it more often used as a
meta-physical term that describes the flow
of the universe, or the force behind the
natural order.
Taoism

16. Taoism
The Yin and Yang symbol is important in Taoist symbology (as in
Confucianism), as are the Eight Trigrams, and a zigzag with
seven stars which represents the Big Dipper star constellation.
The most influential Taoist text is the "Tao Te
Ching" (or "Daodejing") written around the 6th
Century B.C. by Lao Tzu (or Laozi), and a secondary text is the
4th Century B.C. "Zhuangzi", named after its author.

18. Legalism
Legalism is a pragmatic political
philosophy, whose main motto is "set clear
strict laws, or deliver harsh punishment",
and its essential principle is one
of jurisprudence.

19. Legalism
According to Legalism, a ruler should govern his
subjects according to Fa (law or
principle), Shu (method, tactic, art, or statecraft)
and Shi (legitimacy, power, or charisma).

22. Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion,
a practical
philosophy and arguably
a psychology, focusing on
the teachings
of Buddha(Siddhartha
Gautama), who lived
in India from the mid-
6th to the early 5th
Century B.C.

23. Chinese tradition focuses
on ethics rather
than metaphysics, and it
developed several schools
distinct from the
originating Indian school, and
in the process integrated the
ideas of Confucianism, Taoism
and other indigenous
philosophical systems into
itself.
Buddhism

24. The most prominent Chinese
Buddhist schools
are Sanlun, Tiantai, Huayan and C
hán (known as Zen in Japan).
Buddhism

25. Mohism
Mohism was founded by Mozi (c. 470 - 390 B.C.)
It promotes universal love with the aim
of mutual benefit, such that everyone must love
each other equally and impartially to avoid
conflict and war.

26. Mozi was strongly against Confucian ritual,
instead emphasizing pragmatic
survival through farming, fortification and
statecraft.
Mohism

28. Korea

29. Korean Philosophies

30. Korean Philosophies
Korean Philosophy has been influenced by a
number of religious and philosophical thought-
systems over the years,
including Shamanism, Buddhism, Confucianis
m and Taoism:

31. History and Major Schools

32. Native shamanism
Developed in Korea for millennia, although the traditional
rites and shamanistic practices were later deeply influenced
by Buddhism and Taoism. In Korea, a shaman is known as
a mudang, and she (it is usually a woman) seeks to solve human
problems through a connection to the spirit world. Korean
Shamanism held three spirits in especially high
regard: Sanshin (the Mountain Spirit), Toksong (the Recluse)
and Chilsong (the Spirit of the Seven Stars, the Big Dipper).

33. Buddhism
Arrived in Korea
from China during the Three
Kingdoms period (57 B.C. -
A.D. 668), specifically in the
year A.D.372. Korean
Buddhism accepted and
absorbed many shamanistic
spirits, and early schools
like Samnon, Gyeyul and Yeol
ban attempted to develop a
new holistic approach to
Buddhism in order to resolve
what it saw as internal
inconsistencies
in Chinese Mahayana
Buddhism.

34. Buddhism
Buddhism in Korea initially enjoyed wide acceptance, even being
supported as the state ideology during the Goryeo Dynasty (also
known as Koryo: 918-1392), but it suffered extreme repression
during the long Joseon Dynasty (or Chosun: 1392-1910),
when Neo-Confucianism became dominant.

35. Confucianism
the second major intellectual import from China during
the Three Kingdoms period, alongside Buddhism, although the
exact date of its introduction is not clear

36. Confucianism
Korean Confucianism was, and remains, a fundamental part of
Korean society, shaping the moral system, the way of life, social
relations between old and young, high culture and is the basis for
much of the Korean legal system.

37. During the Joseon Dynasty, Korean Confucianism (or, arguably, Neo-
Confucianism) was the primary system of belief amongst the scholarly and
military classes.
Confucianism

38. Korean Confucian schools were built, and there was even greater
encouragement of Confucian ideas and ideals such
as chung (loyalty), hyo (filial piety), in (benevolence) and sin (trust).
Confucianism in Joseon Korea flourished most notably in the 16th Century,
under the guidance of the country's two most prominent Confucian scholars, Yi
Hwang (Toegye) (1501–1570) and Yi I (Yulgok) (1536–1584).
Confucianism

39. Taoism
Largely shaped by the writings of
the Chinese philosophers Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu,
also arrived in Korea during the latter part of the Three
Kingdoms period, in A.D. 674. Korean Taoism enjoyed
its greatest popularity during the Goryeo Dynasty

40. Taoism
Taoism never grew into an autonomous religion or
philosophy in Korea, being rejected by Confucian and
Buddhist elites, but it remains a minor but
significant element of Korean thought.
Modern Era

41. Japan

42. Japanese Philosophies
Japanese Philosophy has historically been
a fusion of both foreign
(particularly Chinese and Western) and
uniquely Japanese elements.

43. In its literary forms, Japanese philosophy began about fourteen
centuries ago. Confucianism entered Japan from China around
the 5th Century A.D., as did Buddhism. Neo-
Confucianism became most prominent in Japan in the 16th
Century. Also since the 16th Century, certain indigenous ideas of
loyalty and honour developed within the Japanese samurai or
warrior class were integrated. Western philosophy has had its
major impact in Japan only since the middle of the 19th Century.

44. History and Major Schools

45. Shinto is the native religion of Japan and, up until
the Second World War, its state religion. It is a type
of polytheistic animism, and involves the worship
of kami (or spirits). It can be traced back to the
earliest natives of Japan, although it was
significantly modified by the arrival
of Buddhism in the 6th Century.

46. Shinto has no binding set of dogma, and the most
important elements are a great love and reverence
for nature in all its forms, respect for tradition and
the family, physical cleanliness and matsuri (or
festivals dedicated to the kami). Shinto is not a
philosophy as such, but has greatly influenced all other
philosophies in their Japanese interpretations.

47. Buddhism definitively entered Japan (from its
native India, via China and Korea) in A.D. 550. Each
major period after that - the Nara period (up to 784),
the Heian period (794–1185) and the post-Heian period
(1185 onwards) - saw the introduction of new doctrines
and upheavals in existing schools. The three main
schools of Japanese Buddhism are:

48. Zen Buddhism
Although many people consider Zen to be an
exclusively Japanese school of Buddhism, it actually
originated in China.
The Chinese called the tradition,”Ch’an” and “Zen” is
Japanese reading of the same word which means
meditation.

49. Zen Buddhism
It asserts that all sentient beings possess a Buddha-nature, a
nature of inherent wisdom and virtue, which lies hidden in
the depths of their minds. Zen practitioners attempt to
discover this Buddha-nature within themselves,
through meditation and mindfulness of daily experiences.

50. Zen Buddhism
Zen sitting meditation, (such as the lotus, half-lotus,
Burmese or seiza postures) is known as zazen. The
schools of Zen that currently exist in Japan
are Soto (largest), Rinzai (split into several sub-schools)
and Obaku(smallest).

51. Pure Land (or Amidist) Buddhism:
Pure Land is a broad branch
of Mahayana Buddhism and
currently one of the most
popular schools of Buddhism
in East Asia, along with Zen.
It is a devotional or "faith"-
oriented branch of Buddhism
focused on Amitabha
Buddha.

52. Pure Land (or Amidist) Buddhism:
Pure Land Buddhism teaches
that through devotion to just
Amitabha, one will be reborn in
the Pure Land in which
enlightenment is guaranteed.

54. Nichiren Buddhism
Nichiren Buddhism is a branch of Buddhism based on the
teachings of the 13th Century Japanese monk Nichiren (1222–
1282). It focuses on the Lotus Sutra and an attendant belief that
all people have an innate Buddha-nature and are therefore
inherently capable of attaining enlightenment in their current
form and present lifetime.

55. Two other religions that were brought into Japan from mainland China
are Confucianism and Taoism. According to early Japanese
writings, Confucianism was introduced to Japan via Korea in the year
285 A.D. Some of the most important Confucian principles
are humanity, loyality, morality and consideration on an individual
and political level.

56. Taoism spread to Japan in the 7th century. For more than 1,000
years, these religions have had a significant impact on Japan's
society. The rules of Confucianism in particular have had major
influence on ethical and political philosophy, especially during
the 6th to 9th Centuries and later after Meiji Restoration of 1868.

57. Modern Era

58. Later, Chinese Neo-Confucianism also made its way into Japan,
where it became ascendant during the Edo (or Tokugawa) period
(1603 - 1868). Japanese Neo-Confucians such as Hayashi
Razan and Arai Hakuseki were instrumental in the formulation
of Japan's dominant early modern political philosophy.
Hayashi Razan
Arai Hakuseki

59. Kokugaku was a school of Japanese philology (the study of
ancient literature and the origins of language) and philosophy
originating during the Edo period. Kokugaku scholars tended
to relativize the study of Chinese and Buddhist texts and
favoured philological research into the early Japanese
classics.

60. Mitogaku refers to a 17th Century school of Japanese
historical and Shinto studies, originally commissioned
to compile the History of Great Japan in a Neo-
Confucianist context, based on the view that historical
development followed moral laws. Around the end of
the 18th Century, Mitogaku expanded its remit to
address contemporary social and political issues, based
on Confucianist and kokugaku thought, and eventually
became one of the driving forces behind the Meiji
Restoration of 1868.

61. The Kyoto School is the name given to a 20th Century Japanese philosophical
movement centered at Kyoto University that assimilated Western philosophy and
religious ideas and used them to reformulate religious and moral insights unique to the
East Asian cultural tradition.