This document discusses several Earth-like exoplanets and moons including Mars, Titan, Kepler-62e, Kepler-62f, Proxima Centauri b, and KOI 4878.01. It describes their atmospheric compositions, temperatures, potential habitability, and similarities and differences from Earth to determine what qualities are needed for a planet to be considered Earth-like. The document aims to help students understand the characteristics of exoplanets and moons that could support life.

1. EARTH-LIKE
PLANETS

2. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the discussion, the students will
be able to:
1. Identify the Earth-like planets.
2. Describe the qualities of the Earth-like
planets.

3. WHEN CAN WE SAY THAT
IT IS AN EARTH-LIKE
PLANET?

4. The Main Components of the
Earth System are:
•Atmosphere(Air)
•Hydrosphere (Water)
•Biosphere(Living things)
•Lithosphere(Land)

5. MARS

6. MARS
Like Earth, Mars has seasons,
polar ice caps, volcanoes,
canyons, and weather. It has a
very thin atmosphere made of
carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and
argon.

7. Temperature
Mariner 4, which flew by Mars
on July 14, 1965, found that
Mars has an atmospheric
pressure of only 1 to 2 percent
of the Earth. Temperatures on
Mars average about -81
degrees °F. However,
temperatures range from
around -220 degrees °F in the
wintertime at the poles, to +70
degrees F.

8. Atmosphere
The atmosphere of Mars
is much thinner than
Earth. The Red Planet’s
atmosphere contains
more than 95% carbon
dioxide and much less
than 1% oxygen. People
would not be able to
breathe the air on Mars.

9. Mars is the
fourth planet
from the sun. It
is a terrestrial
planet.

10. The habitat on Mars will need to be
self-sustainable for future Martians
having to provide oxygen for them to
breathe, water to drink, food to eat,
protection from the harsh radiation
environment, light and power, and
stable comfortable

11. TITAN(SATURN MOON)

12. TITAN (SATURN MOON) Titan is the largest moon of
Saturn and the second-largest
natural satellite in the Solar
System. It is the only moon
known to have a dense
atmosphere, and is the only
known object in space other than
Earth on which clear evidence of
stable bodies of surface liquid
has been found.

13. Titan is about 759,000
miles (1.2 million
kilometers)
from Saturn, which
itself is about 886
million miles (1.4
billion kilometers)
from the Sun, or about
9.5 astronomical units
(AU).

14. Titan is primarily composed of ice and rocky material, which
is likely differentiated into a rocky core surrounded by
various layers of ice.

15. Titan’s atmosphere is mostly
nitrogen (about 95 %) and
methane (about 5 %), with
small amounts of other
carbon-rich compounds.

16. Titan’s cold surface
temperature is (-90 °F) allow
methane to form clouds and
precipitation.

17. Does Titan have oxygen?
Titan also has a presence of organic molecules that contain
carbon and hydrogen, and that often include oxygen and other
elements similar to what is found in Earth’s atmosphere and that
are essential for life.
Is the water on Titan drinkable?
Titan is going to have methane and ethane tainting the ice. And
Enceladus and Europa are going to be all kinds of salts and
possibly magnesium sulphate, or epsom salts if it’s hydrated. So
if you drink that water you’ll be trotting off to the loo quite soon.
Can humans live on Titan?
Habitability. Robert Zubrin has pointed out that Titan possesses
an abundance of all the elements necessary to support life,
saying “In certain ways, Titan is the most hospitable
extraterrestrial world within our solar system for human
colonization.” The atmosphere contains plentiful nitrogen and
methane.

18. KEPLER’S 62e

19. Kepler-62e also known by its Kepler Object of
Interest designation KOI-701.03) is a super-Earth
exoplanet (extrasolar planet) discovered orbiting
within the habitable zone of Kepler-62, the second
outermost of five such planets discovered by
NASA’s Kepler spacecraft. It is located about 1,200
light-years from Earth.

20. Kepler-62e is a super-Earth with a radius 1.61 times
that of Earth. This is just above the 1.6 Earth limit
above which planets may be more gaseous than they
are rocky, so Kepler-62e may likely be a mini-
Neptune.

21. It has an
equilibrium
temperature of
(−3 °C; 26 °F). It
has an estimated
mass of 4.5m
earth.

22. Kepler-62e
probably has a very
cloudy sky and is
warm and humid
all the way to the
polar regions.

23. Kepler-62e would have a very hospitable
climate for life, as it would be a damp and
warm environment even up to the area around
its poles. "Look at our own ocean — it is just
absolutely full of life," said Borucki, who also
led the team that discovered Kepler-62e and
Kepler-62f.

24. KEPLER’S 62f

25. Kepler-62f is the third-largest
planet of the Kepler-62 system,
with 140% the size of Earth.
This world along with the
sister planet Kepler-62e, may
be a planet mostly dominated
in water. What Kepler-62f does
not share with its sibling is a
potentially thick atmosphere
mostly made of carbon dioxide

26. Kepler-62f orbits every 267 days
and is only 40 percent larger than
Earth, making it the smallest
exoplanet known in the
habitable zone of another star. It
is located about 1,200 light-years
from Earth

27. Can we breathe on Kepler-62f?
The soupy atmosphere of Kepler-62f could
prove difficult for humans to breathe, unless
they were to come with special equipment,
researchers pointed out.
Kepler-62f would be cooler, but still
potentially life-friendly.

28. PROXIMA CENTAURI B

29. Proxima Centauri b sometimes referred to as Alpha
Centauri Cb, is an exoplanet orbiting in the habitable
zone of the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, which is
the closest star to the Sun and part of the triple star
system Alpha Centauri. It is approximately 4.2 ly (1.3
pc) from Earth.

30. Its equilibrium temperature is about (−39
°C; −38 °F). Various factors, such as the
orbital properties of Proxima Centauri b,
the spectrum of radiation emitted by
Proxima Centauri and the behaviour of
clouds and hazes influence the climate of
an atmosphere-bearing Proxima Centauri
b.

31. The stability of an atmosphere is
a major issue for the habitability
of Proxima Centauri b: Strong
irradiation by UV radiation and
X-rays from Proxima Centauri
constitutes a challenge to
habitability. Proxima Centauri b
receives about 10-60 times as
much of this radiation especially
X-rays, as Earth.

32. KOI 4878.01

33. KOI-4878.01 is an exoplanet candidate that
orbits the F-type main-sequence star KOI-
4878. It is located about 1075 light years from
Earth. The features of the planet are very
similar to that of Earth, and if it is confirmed,
it would be one of the most Earth-like planets
found. The orbital period of the exoplanet is
around 449 Earth days. It is very likely located
within the habitable zone of its parent star.

34. Temperature:
KOI- 4878.01 has a temperature of -16.5°C (256.6K ;
2.3°F).
Mass:
0.4- 3.0 Earth masses or likely about 0.99 Earth
masses.
Star:
Koi-4878

35. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
Reporter:
Frences Lyn Escorial