EAPP

3. •Text Structure
Every student should understand that a
text should present its details and main
ideas. Text structure helps them to organize a
written text, giving its cause and effect, or its
different views. Text structure refers to
organization of information in a passage.
Using Knowledge of Text Structure to Glean Information

4. Common Types of Text Structure
SPATIAL OR DESCRIPTION
• It gives a reader a detailed feature that creates a picture on
his/her mind about a topic.
• Spatial organization is when information in a passage is organized
in order of space or location. Spatial organization can also be
called as descriptive writing. If you are about to describe how
something looks, you are describing it spatially. It can also be
used in fiction and non-fiction. Even if narration style of writing is
usually arranged chronologically, if the author is describing a
setting of a certain scene, the author is describing it spatially.

5. SPATIAL OR DESCRIPTION
•Example: Volcanoes can be a source of fear and
destruction. Even though volcanoes are like pressure
valve in the inner earth, they are very beautiful
sights. One of the parts of the volcanoes that cannot
be seen all the time is its magma chamber. It is
beneath the earth’s bedrock and is very hot. Conduit
is the one that runs from the magma chamber to
the crater, which can be seen at the top of the
volcano. The crater is where the magma exits.
Volcanoes are very scenic yet very dangerous.

6. Common Types of Text Structure
Cause and Effect
- It presents the relationship between specific events, ideas, or
concepts.
- Cause and effect is one way of organizing information in a text. It
explains reasons why something happened. It can be ordered as
cause to effect or vice versa. It is generally used in expository and
persuasive writing modes.
- It can be cause to effect wherein it explains why something
happened and the effect of it. It can be also effect to cause
wherein it explains the result of things that happened and its
reasons. This structure is commonly used, most of the time
writers do not notice that they use this kind of text structure.

7. Cause and Effect
•Example: Many people think that they can acquire
illness by going into cold weather improperly
dressed. However, illnesses are not caused by
temperature. They are caused by germs. So,
trembling outside in the cold probably won’t
strengthen your immune system, but you are more
likely to acquire illness outdoors because you will
greatly be exposed to germs. In the previous
example, the paragraph explains how germs cause
illnesses. The germs are the cause in the paragraph
and the illness is the effect.

8. Cause and Effect
•Here is another example of a paragraph that is
written using the cause and effect text structure:
Students are prohibited to chew gum in my class.
While other students think that I am just being mean,
I have a lot of good reasons for this rule. First, there
are some irresponsible students who can make
messes with their gums. Students may leave them on
the bottoms of desks, drop them on the floor, or put
them on other people’s property.

9. Another reason why I don’t allow students to chew
gum is because it can be a source of distraction while
listening, reading, writing and learning. When they are
allowed to chew gum, students are more worried about
having it, popping it, chewing it, and snapping it. This is
why I don’t allow students to chew gum in my class.
Note: Identifying a text written using the cause and effect
pattern of organization can be tricky. Though stories are
arranged chronologically, Cause and Effect pattern is only
organized by the time an event happened that has causal
relationship. Contrarily, cause and effect passages usually
focus on explaining the reason why something occurs or
occurred.

10. These are the signal words
that may indicate that
information in a paragraph is
organized as cause and effect:
because, as a result, resulted,
caused, affected, since, due to,
effect.