3. Department of Computer Sciences
Agenda
Problem Statement
Aims and Objectives
Literature Review
Methodology of Implementation
Theoretical Studies
Experimental Setup
Method of Analysis
Results Expected
Time Schedule
Utilization of Research Results
References
4. COGNITIVE RADIOS
A Perspective
Department of Computer Sciences
Cognitive radio
technology is
declared amongst
the top 10
Emerging
Technologies by
the world’s
leading Centers
of Radio
Research and
Excellence
5. Cognitive Radios
These are the futuristic devices which will
operate as secondary users on licensed
frequency bands with out interfering with the
primary users (Licensed Users)
The technology is likely to emerge as
implementable by 2030#
# Dynamic Spectrum Access by Ekram Hussain
Department of Computer Sciences
6. Department of Computer Sciences
Traditional Radios
1G, 2G, 3G
WiMax, LTE,
FHSS, DSSS
Cellular
Wi-Fi
PAN/Bluetooth
Software
Defined Radios
Band
Independence
Agile RF
Tuning &
hopping
Cognitive
Radios
RF
Environment
Awareness,
Learning,
Agility,
Dynamic
spectrum
Access
7. Department of Computer Sciences
Research Parameter
This reaserch and impemetnation project is part of a post
graduate reaserch on “Dynamic Spectrum Access Using
Multi-Antennas in Cognitive Radios” undertaken by the
following Researcher:
Agha Syed Muhammad Ayub Shah - External Supervisor
Affiliating Institutions:
UET Taxila, Pakistan
Georgia Tech, Atlanta USA
Polito, Torino, Italy
Consultings:
Dr. Ekram Hossain, University of Menatoba
Dr. Adeel Akram Khan, UET Taxila
Dr. Mukaram Khan,
Dr. Asad Mehmood, CASE Pakistan
8. Department of Computer Sciences
Problem Statement
Cognitive Radios (CR) are RF Environment aware devices
The proposed CR models use unintelligent sensing functions Sx
followed by the Communication Functions Cx through
interleaving
Addition of an Independent Intelligent Sensing Function ISx will
attribute to the continuum in communication without
interruptions
One of the ISx technique is to assign weightages to the learned
or identified gaps or holes@ in the available range of frequency
spectrum towards their perceived higher probability of
availability for usage/hopping sequence by the secondary user
This weighted table like a routing table will have database of
mostly available gaps or frequencies in the available frequency
band and can readily provide prioritized shift or hopping
sequence
9. Department of Computer Sciences
Perceived….
Spectrum Scanning of specified band for gaps
ISxISx
Send
Receive
------
------
------
Frequencies
Weighted
Table
------
------
------
Frequencies
Weighted
Table
Coordinated b/w peers
11. Department of Computer Sciences
Aims & Objectives
The project aims at simulation of a part of the
intelligent spectrum sensing technique in Cognitive
Radios. A number of system models are under
evaluation with an aim of finding an intelligent
system for readily providing a hopping sequence to
the communicating radio peers.
12. Department of Computer Sciences
Literature Review
A new area of research and a concept un-
explored hitherto
Scarcity of the literature with specifics on
resource scheduling particularly air
interfacing resources
Spectrum Sensing and Dynamic Spectrum
Access is mostly discussed with different
algos designed and simulated
13. Department of Computer Sciences
Literature Review Cont’d
A correlated area of 3G and 4G air interface
besides standards like 802.11m initiative may
help in understanding the competitive
resources
Modulation Schemes like CDMA and OFDM
need revisiting for a comprehensively
developed simulation modeling
Digital Communication Systems and OSI
protocol stack in particular Physical and DLL
layers with proposed protocols will be studied
14. Department of Computer Sciences
Project Methodology
Theoretical Studies
The books will serve as a foundation stone towards
understanding the basic concepts related to the area of
CRs.
Available literature and published papers and articles,
available ones, will be used for understanding the latest
research in the area of air interface and CR architecture.
A handsome amount of published work and related
information is available at the websites of the commercial
equipment manufacturers like Huawei, Motorola and
Nokia, enabling study of vendor specific implementations.
15. Department of Computer Sciences
Implementation
A higher level abstraction model has been developed
Intricate detailed architecture using use cases will be
developed
Module implementation using object oriented
paradigm
Integration schema and testing
User acceptance and testing
A first hand functional simulation model will be the
final deliverable with possibility of add ons.
Project Methodology Cont’d
16. Department of Computer Sciences
Project Methodology Cont’d
Method of Analysis
Net throughput and uninterrupted
communication link with the max data transfer
will be the relative standing criteria of system or
model efficiency.
Exact benchmarks will be explored during the
course of research.
Available tools and their results/outputs will
serve as data ingredients.
17. Department of Computer Sciences
Project Methodology Cont’d
Result Expected
A sustained communication link establishment
between the CR peers through
Continuous scanning of the spectrum,
Updation of a frequency analysis table
Hopping according to a weighted sequence.
18. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Simulation of spectrum sensing and holes
identification.
Formation of Tables.
Iterative freq scanning and weighing the
freq/holes available.
Data sharing with other peers.
Allocation of freq./ hooping over the avail
freq./holes.
Department of Computer Sciences
21. Department of Computer Sciences
Activity
Dec
2010
Jan
2011
Feb
2011
Mar
2011
April
2011
May
2011
Collection of Literature
Review of the Literature
Analysis of existing schemas
Exploration for enhancing in the
proposed functionality of the
system
Implementation/Coding
Testing
Final Write-up and Thesis
Time Schedule
22. Department of Computer Sciences
Utilization of Project Results
The Project results will be utilized towards
furtherance of existing literature/technology
through new publications and developing a
new communication system for military use.
They will also lay a foundation of an entirely
new area for exploration introducing next
generation of devices.
23. Department of Computer Sciences
References
IEEE Standards Association, CR Information Center
Cognitive Radio: Making Software Radios More Personal, J. Mitola III and G.Q. Maguire Jr., IEEE
Personal Communications, vol. 6,
Cognitive Dynamic Systems, S. Haykin, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 94
Cognitive Functionality in Next Generation Wireless Networks, R. Venkatesha Prasad,
Przemyslaw Pawelczak, James A. Hoffmeyer, H. Steven Berger
IEEE Communication Society, IEEE Communication Journals.
Books
E. Hossain, V. K. Bhargava (Editors), Cognitive Wireless Communication Networks, Springer
2007
B. A. Fette (Editor), Cognitive Radio Technology, Elsevier 2006
Ekram Hossain, Dusit Niyato, Zhu Han (Authors), Dynamic Spectrum Access and Management in
Cognitive Radio Networks, Cambridge University Press 2009
Joseph Mitola, III Cognitive Radio Architecture: The Engineering Foundations of Radio XML,
Wiley 2006
White Papers
Air Interface Technologies, Requirement and Solutions. Stefan Kaiser and Bernard Hunt (Editors)
4G Radio Access Networks, G. Hiddink, Motorola Mobile Devices, Nieuwegein, April 2010
Leading Edge--802.16m: ready for 4G
