76. 76Sarasin Global Strategy and Outlook | June 2019
“We always overestimate the change that will occur in the next two years
and underestimate the change that will take place in the next ten.”
Bill Gates
A slowing world economy….but why?
77. 77Sarasin Global Strategy and Outlook | June 2019
Africa
Rest of Asia
China
India
Europe
South America
North America
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1950 2017 2050
Population(millions)
Source: UN Population Division - World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision
WORLD POPULATION
An expected increase of 67 million additional mouths per annum to feed each
year
2.5 billion
7.6 billion
9.8 billion
2018
78. 78
A decline in the working age population means fewer salaries and reduced tax revenues
DEVELOPED WORLD LABOUR FORCES STATIC OR IN DECLINE – HIGH LDC POPULATION GROWTH BUT AT VERY LOW WAGES
Growth of the labour force is the key driver of economic
growth, and it is turning negative…
79. 79
Source: Marcrobond, Sarasin Forensics, 2019
Nominal GDP growth (real GDP growth plus inflation) is the measure comparable with company profits growth
SLOWER GDP GROWTH THAN WE HAVE BEEN USED TO
Slowdown: our forecast is for global nominal GDP growth to
drop from an average of 7.5% p.a. to just 3.5% (2% real +1.5% inflation)
80. 80
…3.5% nominal GDP growth before taking a haircut for excessive debt or
climate change & resource depletion…
Source: Climate Lab Book
81. 81
Source: Macrobond, 2019
Human and Wild Animal Populations – Last 50 Years : UN Reports
THE TRAGIC V SIGN…
The human population has more than doubled since 1970
The wild animal population has more than halved
Nearly half of the world's remaining species of
plants, animals and microorganisms will be
destroyed or severely threatened over the next
quarter century due to deforestation
Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth's
land surface; now they cover a mere 6%
25% of species are threatened with extinction
Experts estimate that we are losing 137 plant,
animal and insect species every single day due
to rainforest deforestation. That equates to
50,000 species a year
“We are eroding the very foundations of our
economies, livelihoods, food security, health
and quality of life worldwide.” [IPBES Chair, Sir
Robert Watson]
Since 1970 alone, vertebrate populations have fallen by 40% for land-
based species, 84% for freshwater species and 35% for marine species
82. 82
Source: Global Footprint Network 2016 – Ecological Footprint, global hectares per person Population data source: United Nations 2015
Does increasing adoption of ‘Western civilization’ such as democracy, ethical values, and technologies, also have to equate to a wasteful lifestyle?
HECTARES OF LAND PER PERSON NEEDED TO SUSTAIN CURRENT LIFESTYLE – GLOBAL FOOTPRINT NETWORK
The cause of biodiversity loss is the rapacious demands of human consumer
lifestyles
USA
320 million people
Footprint 8.22 ha/person
EU
512 million people
Footprint 5.57 ha/person
China
1,404 million people
Footprint 3.38 ha/person
India
1,309 million people
Footprint 1.16 ha/person
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
The Ecological Footprint
measures the ecological
assets required, in global
hectares, to produce the
resources consumed and to
absorb waste like carbon
emissions
It includes plant-based food
and fibre products, livestock
and fish products, timber and
other forest products, space
for urban infrastructure etc.
83. 83
COWBOY ECONOMY
When you have depleted and devastated the current place, you simply break up and go west. There are no limits to
growth, and the only issue that matters is to make profits. Development is defined as increased growth without limits,
increased consumption, increased waste production and conversion of natural resources to financial.
84. 84
SPACEMAN ECONOMY
“The closed economy of the future might similarly be called the 'spaceman' economy, in
which the earth has become a single spaceship, without unlimited reservoirs of anything,
either for extraction or for pollution” Kenneth Boulding’s 1966 essay
85. 85
2 Assumes future global profits growth in line with global GDP growth forecast
5 Year Profits Growth, Annualised – Estimated Global Average 3.5%2
FUTURE RETURNS – MORE COMPANIES WITH FALLING PROFITS
Sarasin & Partners – Model uses data from US S&P 500, all 5 year periods since 2004
1 Bloomberg/MSCI ACWI Data
5 Year Profits Growth, Annualised – Global Average 7.6% since 19701
HISTORIC DISTRIBUTION OF COMPANY PROFITS GROWTH
What does much slower global GDP growth mean? Lower average
company profits growth and the risk of falling profits increases…
0
50
100
150
200
250
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
0
50
100
150
200
250
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
28% of
companies
with falling
profits
The distribution moves
left as global growth
slows – more
companies with falling
profits or growth
challenges
5 Year Average % Profits Growth 5 Year Average % Profits Growth
7.5% 3.5%
17% of
companies
with falling
profits
87. 87Sarasin & Partners | Services for Private Clients
Source: Macrobond
US Equity Volatility (VIX)
EQUITY VOLATILITY (VIX)
Source: Macrobond
Global Asset Returns GBP, year-to-date
GLOBAL ASSET CLASS RETURNS (GBP, YTD)
Another strong year for equities and now gold - with benign equity market
volatility…
88. 88Sarasin & Partners | Services for Private Clients
Source: Macrobond, 2019
Japanese and German bond investors now receive a negative yield on 10 year government bonds
GOVERNMENT 10 YEAR BOND YIELDS
But someone is still worried enough to pay an extra-ordinary premium for
safety…
89. 89Sarasin & Partners | Services for Private Clients
Source: Macrobond
UK, Japanese and German Equity-Bond yield gap
BUT ACTIVE DIVIDEND MANAGEMENT ATTRACTIVE
Source: Macrobond
US S&P 500 Index and operating profits
US INDEX GROWING FASTER THAN PROFITS
US profits are lagging equity market growth…but there is still value in global
dividends
90. 90Sarasin & Partners | Services for Private Clients
Source: Macrobond, 2019
GLOBAL EQUITY PERFORMANCE BY STYLE
Source: Macrobond, 2019
GLOBAL COMMODITY PRICES (-5 YEAR = 100)
Cyclical Commodities and Value Stocks have been weak – Gold and
‘Growth’ have led markets…
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Key Risks for Your Clients Portfolios
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Source: Macrobond, 2019
US 10 YEAR BOND YIELDS AND SCHILLER PE
Risk 1: Global equity valuations are expensive if bond yields
were to reverse...
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Source: Macrobond and Sarasin and Partners
CENTRAL BANK ASSET PURCHASES
Risk 2: Central Bank Purchases are revived (QE) causing
even greater distortion to asset markets…
Central Bank Asset Purchases now in Decline
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Source: Congressional Budget Office 2019
ETF STRCUTURES COULD POSE LIQUIDITY CHALLENGES
Source: OECD
MARKED INCREASE IN ‘RISKY’ DEBT
Risk 3: Liquidity and Risk - Lower Quality of corporate bond issuance
coupled with ETF structures
Only non-financial companies rated by S&P, Fitch and/or Moody’s.
Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P., Eikon from Refinitiv and Bank calculations.
(a) One square = 1% of ~US$5 trillion global ETF market, data as at June 2019.
(b) All categories except emerging market (EM) equities and EM bonds exclude EM ETFs;
Indicative representation of the ETF universe(a)(b)
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Source: Macrobond
UK EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE
Source: Macrobond
UK GDP - SLOW FADE POST BREXIT
Risk 4: Currency, GBP appreciation
UK GDP (year-on-year growth) UK Effective Exchange Rate Index (BoE)
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GLOBAL STRATEGY UPDATE
Lower interest rate expectations can still support real
assets but global economic outlook has deteriorated…
1. Bonds: Reduce Underweight – real returns negative but recession risk rising
• Corporate Spreads
• Caution on high yield as corporate leverage climbs and liquidity issues emerge
2. Equities: Stay overweight – valuations still attractive as global bond yields decline
• Central bank policies & reasonable valuation levels are still supportive
• US economy close to stall speed suggesting rising risk to US earnings
• Global dividend strategies attractive where supported by sustainable thematic trends
3. Alternatives: Neutral – liquidity and rate risks in leveraged/opaque assets
• Clear preference for gold and uncorrelated assets
4. Cash: Neutral
• Active sterling currency management needed in countdown to Brexit ‘resolution.
Risks: Current: Political Risk from Brexit, Financial Liquidity, Asia/China leverage
Longer-Term: Persistent weakness in global growth, inequality & populism
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Not just the change in make-up but the tripling since 1950 – created enormous economic growth – more workers – but also bottlenecks as supply struggled to cope with demand - inflation
Key lesson is that it will pay to be active – the average / index may not be as good as it used to be
You need a good process to sort out the winners from the losers
You need to be particularly alert in some disciplines, like equity income
Now let look at the trends in long term productivity.
Economic growth depends heavily upon the pace of innovation. Productivity does not advance at a steady process. Instead, progress occurs much more rapidly in some eras than in others.
Since the sixties, we had the introduction of the mainframe computer, personal computer, internet and mobile telephony – that has led to a digital revolution which is often called the third industrial revolution.
This Chart plots productivity growth in the world economy during this period.
In the US, the digital revolution has led to two periods of higher productivity – in the 1960’s and then in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s.
Outside the US, countries in europe and japan – faced big surges in productivity – as they moved their economies to the technology frontier.
What is striking though, is that over the past 5 years, productivity has converged across developed countries – and to a very low level.