This document describes a microchip electrophoresis (MCE) method for separating unsaturated disaccharides from glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microchips dynamically coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). PVA coating was shown to increase the hydrophilicity of the PMMA surface and reduce nonspecific adsorption. Using PVA-coated PMMA chips, two pairs of GAG disaccharide isomers (nDi-diSB/nDi-diSD and nDi-0S/nDi-HA) were baseline separated within 130 seconds by MCE for the first time. The dynamic PVA coating approach improves MCE resolution for
Enhanced electrophoretic resolution of monosulfate GAG disacchride isomers on...Yong Zhang
This document describes research on improving the separation of monosulfate glycosaminoglycan disaccharide isomers by microchip electrophoresis. Key findings include:
1) Addition of 1,4-dioxane (DO) to the running buffer dramatically improved resolution of the isomers, likely due to solvation effects.
2) Methylcellulose was used to suppress electroosmotic flow and analyte adsorption to the poly(methyl methacrylate) microchip surface.
3) Optimization of buffer pH, addition of beta-cyclodextrin, and concentration of 1,4-dioxane enhanced resolution of the monosulfate isomers.
4) Under optimized conditions,
The document discusses the purification of a Sitag/RGD/His-tag fusion protein for use as a scaffold in tissue engineering. It examines different lysis and purification methods to extract the protein from E. coli cells. Lysing methods tested include freeze-thaw, detergents, and enzymes. Purification was initially attempted using nickel affinity chromatography via the His-tag, but residual proteins remained. Purification using silica and the silica-binding Sitag was then explored, but elution with L-lysine was ineffective. Increased washes and incubation improved elution, but some bacterial proteins still remained. Future work may use a silica gel system or alter purification conditions.
miniemulsion polymerization of butadiene 2015Ahmed Moustafa
The document summarizes a study on the kinetics of miniemulsion polymerization (MEP) and conventional emulsion polymerization (CEP) of butadiene. Some key findings:
1) MEP of butadiene showed a much faster initial conversion rate and propagation rate compared to CEP, due to MEP polymerizing monomer reservoirs rather than micelles.
2) The maximum swelling of butadiene liquid into hexadecane miniemulsion droplets was achieved within 3 hours at room temperature.
3) Reducing the swelling time to 45 minutes before initiating polymerization still resulted in faster kinetics for MEP compared to CEP.
4) The propagation rate for MEP was found to
This document summarizes a study that evaluated a glycopeptide esterification method to better estimate sialylation levels and differentiate sialic acid linkages in monoclonal antibodies by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Glycopeptides isolated from tryptic digests of monoclonal antibodies were ethyl esterified. Esterification neutralized sialic acids and decreased metastable fragmentation, allowing more accurate quantification of sialylation. Esterification patterns also enabled differentiation of α2,3 and α2,6 sialic acid linkages. The method was demonstrated to be fast, simple, and effective for monoclonal antibody glycopeptide analysis.
Life cycle Assesment and waste stratigies of PLASabahat Ali
Group 2 presented on strategies for polylactic acid (PLA) waste, including recycling and biodegradation. There are three main routes for producing PLA: polymerization of lactic acid monomers, condensation of lactic acid, and fermentation. PLA can be chemically recycled through hydrolytic or alcoholytic depolymerization. An innovative process called the Zeus Waste PLA Depolymerization Process uses solvents like chloroform and alcohols like methanol at low temperatures to break PLA down into its original lactic acid monomers. PLA biodegrades through hydrolysis of ester bonds, thermal degradation, and photodegradation when exposed to sunlight.
This document discusses a study on mixed-linker zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) containing two types of imidazole linkers. The researchers show that these mixed-linker ZIFs have tunable properties including pore size, hydrophilicity, and organophilicity. They synthesized a series of ZIF-8x-90100-x materials with different ratios of two linkers, resulting in a wide range of crystal sizes from 338 nm to 120 μm. Using various characterization and measurement techniques, they demonstrate that properties like hydrocarbon and alcohol diffusion can be continuously tuned over 2-3 orders of magnitude by varying the mixed-linker composition. This tunability allows mixed-linker ZIFs to
Preparation of pyrimido[4,5 b][1,6]naphthyridin-4(1 h)-one derivativeselshimaa eid
This document describes the preparation of pyrimido[4,5-b][1,6]naphthyridin-4(1H)-one derivatives using a zeolite-nanogold catalyst. An efficient one-pot synthesis is developed involving the cyclocondensation of 6-amino-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one, aromatic aldehydes, and 1-benzylpiperidin-4-one in ethanol at 80°C. The nanogold catalyst is characterized and found to contain 4-6 nm gold nanoparticles dispersed on zeolite. Several derivatives are synthesized in good yields and characterized. Molecular dock
Enhanced electrophoretic resolution of monosulfate GAG disacchride isomers on...Yong Zhang
This document describes research on improving the separation of monosulfate glycosaminoglycan disaccharide isomers by microchip electrophoresis. Key findings include:
1) Addition of 1,4-dioxane (DO) to the running buffer dramatically improved resolution of the isomers, likely due to solvation effects.
2) Methylcellulose was used to suppress electroosmotic flow and analyte adsorption to the poly(methyl methacrylate) microchip surface.
3) Optimization of buffer pH, addition of beta-cyclodextrin, and concentration of 1,4-dioxane enhanced resolution of the monosulfate isomers.
4) Under optimized conditions,
The document discusses the purification of a Sitag/RGD/His-tag fusion protein for use as a scaffold in tissue engineering. It examines different lysis and purification methods to extract the protein from E. coli cells. Lysing methods tested include freeze-thaw, detergents, and enzymes. Purification was initially attempted using nickel affinity chromatography via the His-tag, but residual proteins remained. Purification using silica and the silica-binding Sitag was then explored, but elution with L-lysine was ineffective. Increased washes and incubation improved elution, but some bacterial proteins still remained. Future work may use a silica gel system or alter purification conditions.
miniemulsion polymerization of butadiene 2015Ahmed Moustafa
The document summarizes a study on the kinetics of miniemulsion polymerization (MEP) and conventional emulsion polymerization (CEP) of butadiene. Some key findings:
1) MEP of butadiene showed a much faster initial conversion rate and propagation rate compared to CEP, due to MEP polymerizing monomer reservoirs rather than micelles.
2) The maximum swelling of butadiene liquid into hexadecane miniemulsion droplets was achieved within 3 hours at room temperature.
3) Reducing the swelling time to 45 minutes before initiating polymerization still resulted in faster kinetics for MEP compared to CEP.
4) The propagation rate for MEP was found to
This document summarizes a study that evaluated a glycopeptide esterification method to better estimate sialylation levels and differentiate sialic acid linkages in monoclonal antibodies by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Glycopeptides isolated from tryptic digests of monoclonal antibodies were ethyl esterified. Esterification neutralized sialic acids and decreased metastable fragmentation, allowing more accurate quantification of sialylation. Esterification patterns also enabled differentiation of α2,3 and α2,6 sialic acid linkages. The method was demonstrated to be fast, simple, and effective for monoclonal antibody glycopeptide analysis.
Life cycle Assesment and waste stratigies of PLASabahat Ali
Group 2 presented on strategies for polylactic acid (PLA) waste, including recycling and biodegradation. There are three main routes for producing PLA: polymerization of lactic acid monomers, condensation of lactic acid, and fermentation. PLA can be chemically recycled through hydrolytic or alcoholytic depolymerization. An innovative process called the Zeus Waste PLA Depolymerization Process uses solvents like chloroform and alcohols like methanol at low temperatures to break PLA down into its original lactic acid monomers. PLA biodegrades through hydrolysis of ester bonds, thermal degradation, and photodegradation when exposed to sunlight.
This document discusses a study on mixed-linker zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) containing two types of imidazole linkers. The researchers show that these mixed-linker ZIFs have tunable properties including pore size, hydrophilicity, and organophilicity. They synthesized a series of ZIF-8x-90100-x materials with different ratios of two linkers, resulting in a wide range of crystal sizes from 338 nm to 120 μm. Using various characterization and measurement techniques, they demonstrate that properties like hydrocarbon and alcohol diffusion can be continuously tuned over 2-3 orders of magnitude by varying the mixed-linker composition. This tunability allows mixed-linker ZIFs to
Preparation of pyrimido[4,5 b][1,6]naphthyridin-4(1 h)-one derivativeselshimaa eid
This document describes the preparation of pyrimido[4,5-b][1,6]naphthyridin-4(1H)-one derivatives using a zeolite-nanogold catalyst. An efficient one-pot synthesis is developed involving the cyclocondensation of 6-amino-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one, aromatic aldehydes, and 1-benzylpiperidin-4-one in ethanol at 80°C. The nanogold catalyst is characterized and found to contain 4-6 nm gold nanoparticles dispersed on zeolite. Several derivatives are synthesized in good yields and characterized. Molecular dock
This document discusses the synthesis of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biomaterials. There are two main synthetic methods - direct polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization of lactide monomers. Direct polycondensation includes solution and melt polycondensation, but yields PLA with low molecular weight. Ring-opening polymerization using metal catalysts is more common and can produce high molecular weight PLA, but the metal catalysts require removal. Recent research focuses on developing non-toxic catalysts and new polymerization conditions.
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphonate framework material (Ca-PiPhtA) and its derivatives for proton conductivity applications. The parent framework Ca-PiPhtA-I was synthesized from calcium chloride and the ligand 5-(dihydroxyphosphoryl)isophthalic acid under acidic aqueous conditions, producing a structure with 1D channels and high water content. Upon heating or exposure to ammonia vapors, it undergoes partial dehydration or structural transformations to form new derivatives Ca-PiPhtA-II and Ca-PiPhtA-NH3 respectively, as characterized through methods such as X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Proton conductivity measurements found the materials conduct
This document summarizes a study that found neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is capable of binding tightly to single-stranded poly(A) RNA with a Kd in the micromolar range. Circular dichroism experiments showed neomycin forms a complex with poly(A) and increases its melting temperature from 44°C to 61°C, suggesting neomycin strongly stabilizes the poly(A) duplex. Isothermal titration calorimetry found neomycin binds oligo(A)30 with a binding constant of 5.3×10^6 M^-1 and a stoichiometry of one neomycin per 10 adenine bases. This study demonstrates that neomycin can target single
1) The document describes a novel method called INLIGHTTM for the relative quantification of N-linked glycans using isotopically labeled glycan hydrazide tags.
2) The method involves releasing N-linked glycans from glycoproteins using PNGase F, then derivatizing the glycans from two samples with either a light or heavy tagged reagent.
3) The tagged glycans are mixed, analyzed by LC/MS, and ratios of light and heavy glycan pairs are calculated to quantify differences between the two samples after correcting for isotopic overlap.
This document summarizes a presentation about polysaccharide hydrogels and their applications. It discusses how polysaccharides can be used to form hydrogels through various methods like ionotropic gelation or chemical cross-linking. It then outlines several biomedical applications of polysaccharide hydrogels, including for drug and protein delivery, tissue engineering, dental applications, and heritage protection. The document also discusses using polysaccharide nanohydrogels for controlled drug delivery and how they can be loaded with various drugs and biological agents.
Degradation of poly-L-lactide. Part 1, IMechE, 2004Dr Neill Weir
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the in vitro and in vivo degradation of poly-L-lactide (PLLA) over time. PLLA samples were processed into rods and tensile specimens, sterilized, and degraded in both physiological buffer solution and implanted subcutaneously in rats. Properties like molecular weight, crystallinity, mechanical strength, and thermal properties were evaluated at various time points. The results showed degradation proceeded at the same rate in both environments, suggesting enzymes did not accelerate degradation in vivo. Additionally, the lack of inflammatory response indicated good biocompatibility of PLLA over the 44-week study period before mass loss was observed.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of two disaccharides (trehalose and sucrose) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) on amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and interaction with lipid membranes. The key findings were:
1) In the absence of lipid vesicles, trehalose and sucrose delayed Aβ aggregation as measured by Thioflavin T fluorescence, but TMAO did not affect aggregation.
2) In the presence of lipid vesicles, all three osmolytes (trehalose, sucrose, TMAO) significantly attenuated dye leakage from the vesicles induced by Aβ aggregates.
3) Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HX-MS) and
Analyzing ligand and small molecule binding activity of solubilized myszkaJohannesdedooper
This document describes a study that used biosensor technology to analyze the binding activity of solubilized G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Specifically, it analyzed the binding of natural ligands and small molecules to the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5. Both receptors were solubilized from cell pellets and captured on an antibody surface for analysis. The solubilized receptors maintained high-affinity binding of chemokines and allowed characterization of binding kinetics for novel small molecule inhibitors of CCR5. This demonstrated that the solubilized receptors retained native binding properties, making them useful for biophysical studies and structural analysis.
Applications of Poly (lactic acid) in Tissue Engineering and Delivery SystemsAna Rita Ramos
Applications of Poly (lactic acid) in Tissue Engineering and Delivery Systems
Poly (lactic acid) is a thermoplastic derived from renewable resources and is at present, one of the most promising biodegradable and nontoxic biopolymers. In addition to its versatility and consequent large-scale production, PLA can be processed with a large number of techniques.
Due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, this polymer is becoming largely applied in the biomedical field such as in tissue engineering for scaffolds and in delivery systems in the form of micro and nanoparticles. Furthermore, because it’s relatively cheap and an eco-friend, it has been considered as one of the solutions to lessen the dependence on petroleum-based plastics and solid waste problems.
In order to maximize the knowledge and development of this polymer, it is necessary to understand the material synthesis, proprieties, manufacturing processes, main applications, commercialization and its market state, which will be presented in this review.
PLGA is a biodegradable and FDA-approved copolymer of poly lactic acid and poly glycolic acid. It is commonly used as a carrier for drug delivery due to its biodegradability and ability to tune degradation kinetics by adjusting the lactic acid to glycolic acid ratio. The document discusses the types of biodegradable polymers including synthetic polymers like PLGA and natural polymers. It explains that PLGA degradation is dependent on hydrolysis and factors like crystallinity and molecular weight that influence properties. The pharmacokinetics of PLGA is non-linear and dose-dependent, and PLGA has been shown to accumulate in organs like the liver and spleen. Surface modification with polymers like PEG can
Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic polymer made from renewable resources like corn, sugar beets and wheat. PLA is produced through fermentation of carbohydrates to lactic acid, then polymerization to form polylactic acid. It has physical properties comparable to polyethylene terephthalate but requires less fossil fuels to produce. While PLA has potential applications for single-use items and packaging due to its sustainability, its production also has criticisms related to energy usage and slowed degradation with certain additives.
Analytical Development of Biosimilar Mabs: From Vision to Reality SGS
The approval of the first biosimilar mAbs in Europe last June (Celltrion’s Remsima™ and Hospira’s Inflectra™ versions of infliximab) paves the way for the advent of more widespread access to biological treatments in indications such as rheumatology and oncology. One year on, lessons learned from these approvals will guide the global regulatory framework for such complex biomolecules. Indeed, several more biosimilar mAbs are currently in late-stage clinical trials and can be expected to be submitted to Regulatory Authorities shortly. Read more or listen to live streaming http://bit.ly/SGSBiosimilarWebinar
This document describes the synthesis and properties of mixed backbone oligodeoxynucleotides containing both negatively charged phosphodiester linkages and positively charged guanidinium linkages. Specifically, it reports the solid phase synthesis of chimeric guanidinium/phosphodiester oligonucleotides and studies their thermal stability when hybridized to complementary DNA or RNA strands. It also examines the resistance of these chimeras to degradation by exonuclease I enzyme.
This document describes a study characterizing a novel gene cluster involved in the degradation of 4-chlorocatechol by Pseudomonas reinekei MT1. The researchers found that during growth on 5-chlorosalicylate, a novel (chloro)catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12OccaA) and a novel (chloro)muconate cycloisomerase (MCIccaB) were induced. MCIccaB was found to transform 3-chloromuconate into equal amounts of cis-dienelactone and protoanemonin, acting as a functional intermediate between known chloromuconate cycloisomerases and muconate cycloisomerases
Glycan Structural Analysis Throughout Biotherapeutic Development SGS
Glycosylation is a key structural and functional element found on a wide variety of biotherapeutics. As such, alterations in glycan profile can significantly affect the efficacy of a drug through, for example, half life in the bloodstream or biological activity as well as being a potential source of immunogenicity. The glycan profile can be selected and controlled through the choice of cell line as well as control of bioreactor conditions. The use of analytical techniques that provide structural data on this type of post translational modification are vital in the development and characterisation of biologics. Techniques in glycan structural characterisation are discussed in this presentation.
This document provides an overview of nanogels for drug delivery applications. It defines nanogels as nanosized polymer networks that swell in solvent. Nanogels have properties like biocompatibility and drug loading capacity. They can be administered via various routes and classified based on responsive behavior or linkage type. The document discusses synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanogels in cancer treatment, ophthalmic use, and more. Nanogels are a promising drug delivery system due to abilities like controlled drug release and delivery of therapeutics to targeted sites.
Gawrisch Insights From Biophysical Studies On The Role Of Pufa For Function O...lab13unisa
This document summarizes recent insights into the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for the function of G-protein coupled membrane receptors like rhodopsin. It discusses how DHA chains have high conformational flexibility and tend to be located near lipid-water interfaces, altering the properties of lipid bilayers. It also presents evidence that DHA interacts weakly and nonspecifically with some sites on rhodopsin, and that certain photointermediates of rhodopsin have stronger interactions with DHA.
This document summarizes Federica Campana's doctoral thesis on investigating drug-cell membrane interactions using molecular dynamics simulations. The thesis examines how membrane composition influences the effects of membrane fluidizers and heat shock protein co-inducers. It also analyzes the binding of anti-inflammatory molecules like hydroxyarachidonic acid to cyclooxygenase enzymes. The overall goal is to better understand how drug molecules interact with and modulate lipid bilayer properties at a molecular level.
Nanogels are innovative drug delivery system that can play an integral part in pointing out many issues related to old and modern courses of treatment such as nonspecific effects and poor stability.
a viscosity tunable polymer for DNA separation by MCEYong Zhang
This document describes a study on using Pluronic F127, a thermo-responsive polymer, as a separation matrix for microchip electrophoresis of DNA fragments. Key points:
- Pluronic F127 solutions are low viscosity at low temperatures, allowing easy loading into microchips, but become more viscous and gel-like above 25°C due to formation of micelles.
- Viscosity measurements showed a marked increase above 23°C as micelles form.
- Separation of DNA fragments from 100 bp to 1500 bp was achieved on chips using Pluronic F127 solutions between 20-25% concentration and temperatures above 25°C.
- Fluorescence microscopy showed that T
O documento repete várias vezes o endereço de um site sobre concursos públicos, sugerindo que ele fornece informações sobre preparação e notícias sobre concursos públicos no Brasil.
This document discusses the synthesis of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biomaterials. There are two main synthetic methods - direct polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization of lactide monomers. Direct polycondensation includes solution and melt polycondensation, but yields PLA with low molecular weight. Ring-opening polymerization using metal catalysts is more common and can produce high molecular weight PLA, but the metal catalysts require removal. Recent research focuses on developing non-toxic catalysts and new polymerization conditions.
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphonate framework material (Ca-PiPhtA) and its derivatives for proton conductivity applications. The parent framework Ca-PiPhtA-I was synthesized from calcium chloride and the ligand 5-(dihydroxyphosphoryl)isophthalic acid under acidic aqueous conditions, producing a structure with 1D channels and high water content. Upon heating or exposure to ammonia vapors, it undergoes partial dehydration or structural transformations to form new derivatives Ca-PiPhtA-II and Ca-PiPhtA-NH3 respectively, as characterized through methods such as X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Proton conductivity measurements found the materials conduct
This document summarizes a study that found neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is capable of binding tightly to single-stranded poly(A) RNA with a Kd in the micromolar range. Circular dichroism experiments showed neomycin forms a complex with poly(A) and increases its melting temperature from 44°C to 61°C, suggesting neomycin strongly stabilizes the poly(A) duplex. Isothermal titration calorimetry found neomycin binds oligo(A)30 with a binding constant of 5.3×10^6 M^-1 and a stoichiometry of one neomycin per 10 adenine bases. This study demonstrates that neomycin can target single
1) The document describes a novel method called INLIGHTTM for the relative quantification of N-linked glycans using isotopically labeled glycan hydrazide tags.
2) The method involves releasing N-linked glycans from glycoproteins using PNGase F, then derivatizing the glycans from two samples with either a light or heavy tagged reagent.
3) The tagged glycans are mixed, analyzed by LC/MS, and ratios of light and heavy glycan pairs are calculated to quantify differences between the two samples after correcting for isotopic overlap.
This document summarizes a presentation about polysaccharide hydrogels and their applications. It discusses how polysaccharides can be used to form hydrogels through various methods like ionotropic gelation or chemical cross-linking. It then outlines several biomedical applications of polysaccharide hydrogels, including for drug and protein delivery, tissue engineering, dental applications, and heritage protection. The document also discusses using polysaccharide nanohydrogels for controlled drug delivery and how they can be loaded with various drugs and biological agents.
Degradation of poly-L-lactide. Part 1, IMechE, 2004Dr Neill Weir
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the in vitro and in vivo degradation of poly-L-lactide (PLLA) over time. PLLA samples were processed into rods and tensile specimens, sterilized, and degraded in both physiological buffer solution and implanted subcutaneously in rats. Properties like molecular weight, crystallinity, mechanical strength, and thermal properties were evaluated at various time points. The results showed degradation proceeded at the same rate in both environments, suggesting enzymes did not accelerate degradation in vivo. Additionally, the lack of inflammatory response indicated good biocompatibility of PLLA over the 44-week study period before mass loss was observed.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of two disaccharides (trehalose and sucrose) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) on amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and interaction with lipid membranes. The key findings were:
1) In the absence of lipid vesicles, trehalose and sucrose delayed Aβ aggregation as measured by Thioflavin T fluorescence, but TMAO did not affect aggregation.
2) In the presence of lipid vesicles, all three osmolytes (trehalose, sucrose, TMAO) significantly attenuated dye leakage from the vesicles induced by Aβ aggregates.
3) Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HX-MS) and
Analyzing ligand and small molecule binding activity of solubilized myszkaJohannesdedooper
This document describes a study that used biosensor technology to analyze the binding activity of solubilized G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Specifically, it analyzed the binding of natural ligands and small molecules to the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5. Both receptors were solubilized from cell pellets and captured on an antibody surface for analysis. The solubilized receptors maintained high-affinity binding of chemokines and allowed characterization of binding kinetics for novel small molecule inhibitors of CCR5. This demonstrated that the solubilized receptors retained native binding properties, making them useful for biophysical studies and structural analysis.
Applications of Poly (lactic acid) in Tissue Engineering and Delivery SystemsAna Rita Ramos
Applications of Poly (lactic acid) in Tissue Engineering and Delivery Systems
Poly (lactic acid) is a thermoplastic derived from renewable resources and is at present, one of the most promising biodegradable and nontoxic biopolymers. In addition to its versatility and consequent large-scale production, PLA can be processed with a large number of techniques.
Due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, this polymer is becoming largely applied in the biomedical field such as in tissue engineering for scaffolds and in delivery systems in the form of micro and nanoparticles. Furthermore, because it’s relatively cheap and an eco-friend, it has been considered as one of the solutions to lessen the dependence on petroleum-based plastics and solid waste problems.
In order to maximize the knowledge and development of this polymer, it is necessary to understand the material synthesis, proprieties, manufacturing processes, main applications, commercialization and its market state, which will be presented in this review.
PLGA is a biodegradable and FDA-approved copolymer of poly lactic acid and poly glycolic acid. It is commonly used as a carrier for drug delivery due to its biodegradability and ability to tune degradation kinetics by adjusting the lactic acid to glycolic acid ratio. The document discusses the types of biodegradable polymers including synthetic polymers like PLGA and natural polymers. It explains that PLGA degradation is dependent on hydrolysis and factors like crystallinity and molecular weight that influence properties. The pharmacokinetics of PLGA is non-linear and dose-dependent, and PLGA has been shown to accumulate in organs like the liver and spleen. Surface modification with polymers like PEG can
Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic polymer made from renewable resources like corn, sugar beets and wheat. PLA is produced through fermentation of carbohydrates to lactic acid, then polymerization to form polylactic acid. It has physical properties comparable to polyethylene terephthalate but requires less fossil fuels to produce. While PLA has potential applications for single-use items and packaging due to its sustainability, its production also has criticisms related to energy usage and slowed degradation with certain additives.
Analytical Development of Biosimilar Mabs: From Vision to Reality SGS
The approval of the first biosimilar mAbs in Europe last June (Celltrion’s Remsima™ and Hospira’s Inflectra™ versions of infliximab) paves the way for the advent of more widespread access to biological treatments in indications such as rheumatology and oncology. One year on, lessons learned from these approvals will guide the global regulatory framework for such complex biomolecules. Indeed, several more biosimilar mAbs are currently in late-stage clinical trials and can be expected to be submitted to Regulatory Authorities shortly. Read more or listen to live streaming http://bit.ly/SGSBiosimilarWebinar
This document describes the synthesis and properties of mixed backbone oligodeoxynucleotides containing both negatively charged phosphodiester linkages and positively charged guanidinium linkages. Specifically, it reports the solid phase synthesis of chimeric guanidinium/phosphodiester oligonucleotides and studies their thermal stability when hybridized to complementary DNA or RNA strands. It also examines the resistance of these chimeras to degradation by exonuclease I enzyme.
This document describes a study characterizing a novel gene cluster involved in the degradation of 4-chlorocatechol by Pseudomonas reinekei MT1. The researchers found that during growth on 5-chlorosalicylate, a novel (chloro)catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12OccaA) and a novel (chloro)muconate cycloisomerase (MCIccaB) were induced. MCIccaB was found to transform 3-chloromuconate into equal amounts of cis-dienelactone and protoanemonin, acting as a functional intermediate between known chloromuconate cycloisomerases and muconate cycloisomerases
Glycan Structural Analysis Throughout Biotherapeutic Development SGS
Glycosylation is a key structural and functional element found on a wide variety of biotherapeutics. As such, alterations in glycan profile can significantly affect the efficacy of a drug through, for example, half life in the bloodstream or biological activity as well as being a potential source of immunogenicity. The glycan profile can be selected and controlled through the choice of cell line as well as control of bioreactor conditions. The use of analytical techniques that provide structural data on this type of post translational modification are vital in the development and characterisation of biologics. Techniques in glycan structural characterisation are discussed in this presentation.
This document provides an overview of nanogels for drug delivery applications. It defines nanogels as nanosized polymer networks that swell in solvent. Nanogels have properties like biocompatibility and drug loading capacity. They can be administered via various routes and classified based on responsive behavior or linkage type. The document discusses synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanogels in cancer treatment, ophthalmic use, and more. Nanogels are a promising drug delivery system due to abilities like controlled drug release and delivery of therapeutics to targeted sites.
Gawrisch Insights From Biophysical Studies On The Role Of Pufa For Function O...lab13unisa
This document summarizes recent insights into the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for the function of G-protein coupled membrane receptors like rhodopsin. It discusses how DHA chains have high conformational flexibility and tend to be located near lipid-water interfaces, altering the properties of lipid bilayers. It also presents evidence that DHA interacts weakly and nonspecifically with some sites on rhodopsin, and that certain photointermediates of rhodopsin have stronger interactions with DHA.
This document summarizes Federica Campana's doctoral thesis on investigating drug-cell membrane interactions using molecular dynamics simulations. The thesis examines how membrane composition influences the effects of membrane fluidizers and heat shock protein co-inducers. It also analyzes the binding of anti-inflammatory molecules like hydroxyarachidonic acid to cyclooxygenase enzymes. The overall goal is to better understand how drug molecules interact with and modulate lipid bilayer properties at a molecular level.
Nanogels are innovative drug delivery system that can play an integral part in pointing out many issues related to old and modern courses of treatment such as nonspecific effects and poor stability.
a viscosity tunable polymer for DNA separation by MCEYong Zhang
This document describes a study on using Pluronic F127, a thermo-responsive polymer, as a separation matrix for microchip electrophoresis of DNA fragments. Key points:
- Pluronic F127 solutions are low viscosity at low temperatures, allowing easy loading into microchips, but become more viscous and gel-like above 25°C due to formation of micelles.
- Viscosity measurements showed a marked increase above 23°C as micelles form.
- Separation of DNA fragments from 100 bp to 1500 bp was achieved on chips using Pluronic F127 solutions between 20-25% concentration and temperatures above 25°C.
- Fluorescence microscopy showed that T
O documento repete várias vezes o endereço de um site sobre concursos públicos, sugerindo que ele fornece informações sobre preparação e notícias sobre concursos públicos no Brasil.
Oscar de la Hoya Biography by Alejandroalejandroeld
Oscar De La Hoya was born in 1973 in Los Angeles, California to Joel and Cecilia De La Hoya. He had a difficult childhood growing up in a poor neighborhood with gang violence. His father and brother introduced him to boxing and sent him to a local gym to train, where he discovered his talent and powerful left hook. After winning hundreds of amateur bouts, De La Hoya won a gold medal at the 1992 Olympics and went on to become a ten-time world champion in six weight classes, making him one of the most popular and highest-paid boxers in history before his retirement in 2009.
This document provides a performance review for Erica Caracciolo's summer internship at Wabtec Corporation in the Freight Pneumatic Accounting department. She received excellent ratings in all categories, with comments praising her strong work ethic, attention to detail, initiative, willingness to take on new tasks, and ability to work well with others. Her main project was implementing locators in the inventory system to improve organization and locate parts more easily. Her supervisor was highly satisfied with her work and would recommend her for future internships based on her skills and positive contribution.
Your to-do list before traveling abroad includes making copies of important documents like your passport and prescriptions, notifying your bank of travel dates and locations, and bringing your travel health insurance card. You are allowed 1 carry-on bag, 1 personal item, and 1 checked bag up to 50 lbs for international travel. Prohibited carry-on items include sharp objects, firearms, and flammable materials. Essential items to pack are comfortable walking shoes, travel toiletries, bug spray, a rain jacket, empty water bottle, and medicine kit. Electronics are allowed but only bring what is necessary. Seek medical advice and ensure you have adequate prescription medication and understand local health resources. Spanish is the main language in
This document provides a summary of qualifications and experience for Shawnna Johnson, an aspiring media producer. She has expertise in content management systems, marketing strategies, and the software development life cycle. Her qualifications include skills in marketing, data entry, customer service, and compliance with fair housing regulations. She has experience producing live guest segments, strategic planning, social media, and collaborating with other departments. She is proficient with various software programs and has experience in roles such as radio show producer, quality technician, supervisor, and administrative assistant. She has a background in graphic design, audio/video production, and computer science.
Velocity gap mode of capillary electrophoresis developed for high-resolution ...Yong Zhang
This document describes a new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method called velocity gap mode CE (VGCE) for enhancing the resolution of chiral separations. VGCE uses two consecutive electric fields along two connected capillaries to drive analytes through the system. By adjusting the relative strengths of the electric fields, it is possible to observe different velocities, or a net velocity change, for different analytes as they pass through the capillaries. This net velocity change can be exploited to improve resolution of chiral separations. The document demonstrates the feasibility of VGCE for improving the separation of three pairs of enantiomers compared to conventional CE under the same conditions.
This document summarizes an intern presentation given by Erica Caracciolo. It outlines her background in management information systems from Penn State University. As an intern, her goals were to apply her coursework, improve business skills, and organize inventories. She created locator systems in Oracle to improve inventory accuracy for two sub-inventories and implemented barcode labeling. While projects for one inventory went smoothly, the other required a physical count to resolve auditing and negative inventory issues. Overall, the experience aligned with Wabtec core values of safety, customer focus, continuous improvement, teamwork and leadership.
This document reviews the use of quantum dots for bioimaging applications. It discusses:
1) The synthesis of quantum dots, particularly CdSe/ZnS core/shell structures, and methods to tune their optical properties.
2) Modification of quantum dot surfaces with ligands to make them water soluble and biocompatible while maintaining fluorescence. Common surface modifications include adding carboxylic acids, silica shells, and encapsulation in micelles.
3) Applications of quantum dots in biology, including labeling of proteins and targeting of specific cell surface receptors due to their photostability and ability to detect multiple signals simultaneously.
Neha Gupta has over 7 years of experience as a DB2 Database Administrator for z/OS. She has extensive experience creating and maintaining database objects, privileges, and utilities in test and production environments. She is proficient in JCL, has participated in system upgrades, and has successfully handled 24x7 on-call production support. She has worked as a DBA for telecommunications companies Telstra and Sprint, maintaining their DB2 databases and providing support to application teams.
octanol water distribution coefficient measurement based on hollow fiber memb...Yong Zhang
This document describes the development of a high-throughput method for simultaneously measuring the octanol/water distribution coefficient (log D) of organic compounds using a hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction technique. The method utilizes a 96-well plate modified with 96 hollow fiber membrane tubes to separately extract the aqueous and octanol phases. Key factors like membrane type, extraction time, temperature and pressure were investigated. The results showed the method was accurate, precise, reliable and useful for high-throughput screening of log D values.
This document describes the synthesis of hydroxyapatite/alginate (HAP@Alg) core-shell nanoparticles as pH-responsive drug delivery vehicles. HAP provides pH-responsive biodegradability while alginate provides biocompatibility. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a pre-gel method by adding calcium and phosphate solutions to an alginate solution, resulting in HAP cores surrounded by alginate shells. Rhodamine 6G and doxorubicin were loaded into the nanoparticles and showed pH-dependent release and increased cytotoxicity compared to free drugs. The HAP@Alg nanoparticles demonstrate potential as biocompatible pH-responsive drug carriers.
Hydrophilic affinity isolation and maldi multiple stage tandem mass spectrome...Vincent Paul Schmitz
This document describes a method for isolating and characterizing glycopeptides using hydrophilic affinity isolation and MALDI mass spectrometry. Glycoproteins are digested with trypsin and lysyl endopeptidase to generate glycopeptides. The glycopeptides are then isolated using cellulose or Sepharose, which bind to the glycopeptides via hydrophilic interactions with the oligosaccharides. The isolated glycopeptide mixtures are then analyzed by MALDI mass spectrometry and multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) to determine both the oligosaccharide and peptide structures of individual glycopeptides. This strategy efficiently characterized glycoproteins such as β2-glycoprotein I and
This document describes a method for enriching and identifying O-GlcNAc-modified proteins and sites using click chemistry, on-resin digestion, and selective β-elimination. The method involves metabolic labeling of cells with azide-modified GlcNAc, click chemistry to purify labeled proteins, on-resin digestion, and β-elimination to selectively tag and identify former O-GlcNAc sites. Using this approach, the authors identified over 1500 O-GlcNAc proteins and 185 modification sites from a single cell line, demonstrating the utility of the method for proteome-wide analysis of O-GlcNAcylation. They also applied the method to study the effects of an
Best possible natural ligands which were enlisted on NPACT website were screened ( aid of major drug likeness parameters - pkCSM) and docked with the 2OJG(Target protein) using autodock.
This document describes the development and characterization of hydrogel microparticles containing lovastatin for the purpose of enhancing its solubility and bioavailability. Lovastatin is a poorly water soluble drug with low oral bioavailability. β-cyclodextrin and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were used to synthesize poly(β-CD-g-AMPS) hydrogel microparticles via free radical polymerization. Various formulations with different ratios of β-CD, AMPS, crosslinker and initiator were prepared and tested for drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, swelling, and in vitro drug release. The lovastatin loaded microparticles showed up to 9.37
Biosimilar Development Regulatory, Analytical, and Clinical Considerations SGS
The development pathway of a biosimilar is unlike that of a novel biotherapeutic. While there is an increased requirement for analytics throughout a biosimilars development project, and a Phase II clinical trial is generally omitted, careful consideration must be given to the planning of the other phases of development. Many regulatory authorities reference a “step-by-step” approach to establishing biosimilarity. This presentation will provide a look at the multi-stage development for a biosimilar, including a review of the regulatory landscape, structural characterization techniques for biosimilarity assessment, and early phase clinical research challenges
In this research in order to produce blood sugar biosensor, an appropriate
membrane for glucose oxidase immobilization by using nanofibers created from
polymers of polyacrylic acid and starch are studied. They are biocompatible and
biodegradable respectively and were prepared by electro-spinning method for
nanofiber fabrication. Dimethylformamide and distilled water were used as solvent for
PAA and starch respectively to get a homogeneous solution. Because nanofibers made
of polyacrylic acid-starch face with enzymes, due to its extremely high hydrophilic
‘OH’ groups may lose their cohesion, crosslinking as chemical surface modification
and for better enzyme immobilization, non-thermal plasma surface modification using
atmospheric pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) were used. Crosslinking was
carried out by APTMS and Glutaraldehyde (GA). The effect of electro-spinning process
variables on morphology of nanofibers was examined by Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM). Nanofibers structure and chemical composition to demonstrate
the successful linking and immobilization of enzymes in the composite membrane was
obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and improved thermal
stability of nanofibers in presence of enzyme and surface modifications was
determined by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA).
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of anionic liposaccharide derivatives intended to act as absorption enhancers and improve oral bioavailability of drugs. The liposaccharides were designed with a lipophilic lipid side chain and a hydrophilic head containing glucose and glutamic acid. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the critical aggregation concentrations and thermodynamic profiles of the liposaccharides. Two liposaccharides formed nanoparticles below 100 nm and had critical aggregation concentrations below 0.325 mM, indicating favorable aggregation in aqueous solution driven by entropy.
1) A new highly efficient and enantioselective synthesis of phthioceranic acid is reported using a convergent approach.
2) The key steps involve ZACA-catalyzed vinylation to prepare smaller deoxypropionate fragments and two sequential Cu-catalyzed stereocontrolled cross-couplings to join the fragments.
3) This allows the assembly of the long polydeoxypropionate chain of phthioceranic acid in just 8 steps with full stereocontrol, representing a significant improvement over previous syntheses.
C-terminal Sequencing of Protein : Novel Partial Acid Hydrolysis & Analysis b...Keiji Takamoto
The document describes a novel method for C-terminal sequencing of proteins using partial acid hydrolysis and mass spectrometry analysis. Peptides or proteins are hydrolyzed with vapors of strong organic acids like trifluoroacetic acid or hepta-fluorobutyric acid at high temperatures. This results in successive degradation of the C-terminal residues as seen by mass spectrometry. The degradation is believed to occur via formation of an oxazolone ring at the C-terminal amino acid, followed by removal of the C-terminal residue. Specific cleavages also occur at the peptide bonds preceding aspartic acid and serine residues. This method allows efficient C-terminal sequencing of proteins in small quantities directly from mass
This document describes a study that characterized O-glycosylation sites and glycan structures of human cerebrospinal fluid glycoproteins using LC-MS/MS. The researchers pretreated cerebrospinal fluid samples with peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) to remove N-glycans and facilitate characterization of O-glycopeptides. They identified 106 O-glycosylation sites and found that Pro residues were preferentially located near the Ser/Thr attachment sites. The characterization of glycans and glycosylation sites provides a basis for future studies on the biological and diagnostic importance of specific protein glycosylations in relation to human disease.
Immobilization of Glucose oxidase on PANI-2 Amino Pyridine composite film by ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document discusses amyloid and its relationship to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in three parts:
1. Amyloid plaques are a hallmark of AD and the "amyloid hypothesis" proposes amyloid is the cause of AD symptoms. However, the mechanism by which amyloid forms fibrils from unstructured proteins is still unclear and challenging to study.
2. Amyloid formation involves a complex process with polymorphisms and multiple cellular pathways are also involved in APP processing and Aβ production/clearance.
3. Despite decades of research, the role and mechanisms of amyloid in AD remain controversial. While amyloid is a major therapeutic target, no disease-modifying treatments have been successful, highlighting the continued difficulties in fully
This document discusses materials and methods used in a study involving the chemical fipronil and zinc. Twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups of five rats each: a control group, a zinc group that received zinc supplementation, a fipronil group exposed to the insecticide fipronil, and a combination group exposed to both zinc and fipronil. Biochemical assays were conducted to assess oxidative stress markers like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and total protein in the rats. Chemicals used including fipronil and zinc sulfate were obtained from reputable suppliers. Kits for the biochemical assays were purchased from a diagnostic
This study investigated the effects of spermine NONOate (a nitric oxide donor), ATP, and sodium/potassium buffer environment on the thermal stability of human hemoglobin using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The main findings were:
1) Spermine NONOate decreased the unfolding temperature of hemoglobin irrespective of buffer composition.
2) ATP increased the unfolding temperature by 3°C in both sodium and potassium buffers.
3) The effects of ATP and nitric oxide depended strongly on the specific buffer ionic composition.
Electrophoresis principle and types by Dr. Anurag YadavDr Anurag Yadav
the general principle on how the electrophoresis performs.
the different types of electrophoresis and the mechanism of separation based on different character of the medium and type of electrophoresis.
electrophoresis-
principle
types
details on paper electrophoresis
cellulose acetate electrophoresis
zone electrophoresis
SDS-PAGE
iso-electric focussing gel electrophoresis
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
pulsed gel electrophoresis
isotachophoresis
capillary electrophoresis
microchip electrophoresis
Design, Synthesis, and 3D Fabrication of Novel Nutraceutical Hydrogels to Rep...Charles Malcolm Roberson
The document describes research into developing novel hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage repair. The hydrogels are synthesized from poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) and hyaluronic acid, and functionalized with nutraceuticals. Initial studies showed cross-linked hydrogels provided more robust structures for 3D printing geometric shapes encapsulated with cartilage cells. Further studies aim to investigate how nutraceuticals in the hydrogels protect cartilage cells from oxidative stress and improve extracellular matrix protein synthesis.
Similar to Dynamic modification of PMMA chips using PVA for GAG disaccharide isomer separation (20)