DVT AND PE
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This document discusses thromboprophylaxis, or the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in hospitalized patients. It notes that evidence-based guidelines for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis have been available for over 15 years, but are still underused globally. It provides the rationale for thromboprophylaxis, stating that DVT is prevalent in at-risk patients, often clinically silent, and difficult to predict; complications are also difficult to manage. Thromboprophylaxis, it concludes, is highly effective at preventing DVT and PE, and cost-effective.
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Sodium Imbalances in NEURO ICU.pptx
This document discusses the approach to hypo- and hypernatremia in neurosurgical patients in the perioperative period. It covers several key points:
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2. Hypernatremia results from a loss of free water and can cause central nervous system dysfunction. Rapid correction poses risks like cerebral edema. The approach involves assessing volume status based on labs and symptoms.
3. Diabetes insipidus is a potential complication after pituitary or brain surgeries/injuries. It involves excessive
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2) Various anesthesia induction and maintenance techniques for children including inhaled anesthetics, intravenous agents, opioids, muscle relaxants and their reversal.
3) Airway management considerations like different laryngeal mask sizes for children of varying weights and the challenges of needles and intravenous access for children.
4) Fluid maintenance using Holliday-Segar formula and blood replacement guidelines based on child's age. Reversal and extubation procedures are also outlined.
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This document discusses trigeminal neuralgia, a neuropathic pain condition that causes severe, sporadic facial pain. It provides information on:
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2) Symptoms like brief, severe facial pain that may be triggered by light touch.
3) Treatment options like carbamazepine, microvascular decompression surgery, and percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion.
4) Imaging techniques like MRI that can identify compressive vascular structures.
Intensive fcare for spinal cord injury
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- Gastric emptying delayed - Adversely affect ventilation. Rx: Put NG tube.
- Peptic ulcer disease - One cause is high dose steroids.
- Gastritis, hemorrhage - Rx: PPI, Sucralfate (continued for 4 weeks). Enteral feeding.
- Ileus
Arise,awake doctors
This document discusses the issue of fatigue among anesthesiologists and its impacts. It notes that fatigue due to lack of adequate sleep can degrade cognitive function and increase medical errors. Studies have found that over 50% of anesthesiologists report making fatigue-related errors. The document calls for more research into tools and strategies to address fatigue, such as scheduling algorithms, light therapy, melatonin, modafinil, and napping. It argues that more must be done to solve the problem of fatigue in anesthesiology in order to improve patient safety.
Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury
1. Primary injuries occur at the moment of trauma from physical forces that deform brain tissue, leading to focal injuries like skull fractures and hemorrhages or diffuse injuries like axonal shearing.
2. Specific primary injuries include skull fractures, intracranial hematomas, brain contusions and lacerations caused by compressive, tensile and shear forces on brain tissue.
3. Epidural hematomas are caused by tears to the middle meningeal artery, potentially causing rapid neurologic decline, while intracerebral hemorrhages result from tears to deep cerebral vessels with extensive cortical contusions.
Diabetes insipidus
The document discusses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It notes that the hypothalamus secretes hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary, while the posterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus and stores hormones. The anterior pituitary develops from Rathke's pouch and the posterior pituitary develops from the infundibulum. The hypothalamus regulates water balance and vasopressin secretion through the posterior pituitary. Diabetes insipidus occurs when there is a deficiency of vasopressin, and can be central or nephrogenic in origin. Post-operative diabetes insipidus is a common complication of pituitary surgery.
Positioning in neurosurgeries
This document discusses various patient positioning techniques used in neurosurgery. It outlines positions such as supine, lateral, semi-lateral/Janetta, and three-quarter prone. For each position, it describes the relevant anatomy, physiology considerations, advantages, disadvantages, and safety precautions. Proper patient positioning is important for optimal surgical exposure while ensuring patient safety and comfort during long neurosurgical procedures.
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DVT AND PE
- 1. WELCOME TO CME ON DVT & PULMONARY EMBOLISM
- 2. • We are eager to talk about scams, cams and to do [face] booking! • We love to complain when others break rules, but will we step out of our comfort zones to follow any of them… ? •
- 3. . • Evidence based consensus guideline for VTE prophylaxis have been available for more than 15 years, despite which VTE prophylaxis remains under-used globally
- 4. Why knowledge is not getting transformed into practice?
- 5. Rationale of Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Patients • DVT is very prevalent • Majority of patients have at least one risk factor • DVT is clinically silent • It is difficult to predict which at risk patients will develop DVT • complications are difficult to manage..
- 6. Rationale of Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Patients • Thromboprophylaxis is highly efficacious at preventing DVT and • The prevention of DVT also prevents PE • Cost effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis has repeatedly been demonstrated.
- 7. Hope this discussion guides us to use our knowledge in the right way….. • S