This document discusses drugs and their classification. It begins by defining a drug and explaining the qualities of an ideal drug. Drugs are then classified in two main ways: by their chemical structure and by their therapeutic action or medicinal use. Functional drugs are classified that modulate physiological functions like analgesics, antipyretics, and antihistamines. Chemotherapeutic agents are used to cure diseases caused by microbes and include antiseptics, antimicrobials, antibiotics, and anticancer drugs. The document provides examples of common drugs that fall under different functional and chemotherapeutic classifications.

1. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Dr. S. N. Battin
(shankarbattin@gmail.com)
Associate Professor, Head, Dept. of Chemistry
Walchand College of Arts and Science, Solapur
(www.wcas.org)
Drugs and Their Classification
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2. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Learning Objectives
After this session, you will be able to explain-
• Meaning and qualities of a drug and
• Classification of Drugs on the basis of their medicinal
use.
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3. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Contents
• Meaning of a Drug
• Sources of Drug
• Testing of a chemical for its therapeutical value
• Qualities of an ideal drug
• Classification of Drugs
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4. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Meaning of a Drug
• WHO- A Chemical compound used to or intended to
be used for modifying physiological systems or
pathological states for the benefit of recipient
• Drug- Compound possessing therapeutical value
• Paul Ehrilch- Father of modern Chemotherapy
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5. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Sources of Drug
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Source Examples
Plants Morphine, Quinine, Reserpine
Animals Insuline, Thyroid, Heparin
Minerals Mercury, Gold, Copper
Micro-organisms Penicillin, Bacitracin
Synthetic Aspirin, Procaine
Genetic Engineering Harmones

6. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Steps in Testing of a Chemical
for its Therapeutical Value
1. In Vitro Testing
2. In Vivo Testing
3. Direct Testing
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7. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Qualities of an Ideal Drug
Drug action should be localised at the site where it is
desired to act
Should destroy the causative micro-organisms without
affecting the host tissues
Causative micro-organisms should not develop
resistance
Should not have any toxicity
Should have minimum side effects
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8. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Qualities of an Ideal Drug
 Bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic.
 Higher potency and specific action
 Should not be retained in the body for a longer period than
required
 Mode of application of drug must be easy
 Stable, safe and cost effective
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9. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Classification of Drugs
1. On the basis of Chemical structure
2. On the basis of Therapeutical action i.e. Medicinal use-
(A)Functional Drugs
(B)Chemotherapeutic agents
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10. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
(A)Functional Drugs
• Modulate various physiological functions
• overcome the symptoms of discomforts.
Types of functional drugs-
1. Anesthetics-
e.g.Diethyl ether, Chloroform, Novacaine
2. Sedatives-
e.g.Lumanal
3. Hypnotics-
e.g. Veronal
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11. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
(A)Functional Drugs
4. CNS stimulants-
e.g. Theobromine, Caffeine
5.Anticonvulsants-
e.g. Phenobarbitone, Thiopentone Sodium
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12. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur 12
Classify Following functional drugs
Aspirin
Paracetamol

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Drug Type Function
Aspirin Analgesic Relives body pains
Paracetamol Antipyretic Lowers body temperature
in fever
Answers

14. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
(A)Functional Drugs (continued)
6.Analgesics-
e.g. Morphine, Aspirine
7.Antipyretics-
e.g. Paracetomol, Phenacetin, Antipyrin
8.Anti-inflammatory agents-
e.g. Ibuprofen, Diclofenac
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15. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
(A)Functional Drugs (continued)
9.Antihistamines-
e.g. Banadryl, Ranitidine
10.Antidiabetics-
e.g. Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide
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16. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
(B) Chemotherapeutic Agents
• used to cure the diseases caused by microbes
• Exhibit bactericidal or bacterostatic action
Types of Chemotherapeutic agents-
1. Antiseptics and Disinfectants-
e.g.Phenol, Crystal violet,Chloramine-T
2.Antimalerials-
e.g. Pamaquine, Paludrine, Chloroquine
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17. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
(B) Chemotherapeutic Agents
3.Antitubercular
e.g. Isonizide, Ethambutol
4. Antileprotic agents-
e.g. Dapsone, Aminosalycylic acid
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18. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
(B) Chemotherapeutic Agents (continued)
5. Anthelmintics-
e.g.Dichlorophen,Piperazine
6.Antiamoebic agents-
e.g. Emetine, Metronidazole, Tinidazole
7.Sulpha Drugs (Antibacterials)-
e.g. Prontosil, Sulphapyridine
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19. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
(B) Chemotherapeutic Agents (continued)
8.Antineoplastic agents-
e.g.Chlorambucil, Mustine
9.Antiviral Agents-
e.g.Amantadine, Iodoxuridine
10.Antibiotics-
e.g. Penicillin, Chloromycetin
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20. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
References
1.Medicinal Chemistry by Burger
2. Medicinal Chemistry by Ashitosh Kar
3.Organic Chemistry Volume I and II by I.L. Finar,
ELBS,London
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21. Walchand College of Arts & Science, Solapur
Thank you…
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