Thank you for the presentation on drug abuse. I learned about the various types of drugs, signs of abuse, treatment options, and prevention strategies.
Drug abuse is the excessive, maladaptive, or addictive use of drugs for nonmedical purposes which could create harmful effects on human health and society.
Purpose:
The purpose of this webinar is to raise awareness among the people about the demerits of such chemicals, their causes , their effects and preventive measures. The illegal use of drugs not only anguishes the persons mental and physical health but it destroys his family's life as well. The ignorance about the after effects of drugs could lead to destruction of society economically , ethically and health wise. Our collaborative movement towards this issue will help us eliminate the illegal usage of drugs. So , become a part of this movement by attending the session.
Drug abuse is the excessive, maladaptive, or addictive use of drugs for nonmedical purposes which could create harmful effects on human health and society.
Purpose:
The purpose of this webinar is to raise awareness among the people about the demerits of such chemicals, their causes , their effects and preventive measures. The illegal use of drugs not only anguishes the persons mental and physical health but it destroys his family's life as well. The ignorance about the after effects of drugs could lead to destruction of society economically , ethically and health wise. Our collaborative movement towards this issue will help us eliminate the illegal usage of drugs. So , become a part of this movement by attending the session.
This is a drugs presentation for year 8 students who are learning about drugs and their effects of humans, this is being used as part of a PSHE course.
Addiction is a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by repeated use of drugs, or repetitive engagement in a behavior such as gambling, despite harm to self and others.
This is a drugs presentation for year 8 students who are learning about drugs and their effects of humans, this is being used as part of a PSHE course.
Addiction is a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by repeated use of drugs, or repetitive engagement in a behavior such as gambling, despite harm to self and others.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
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Drug Abuse.pptx
1.
2. Presentation on drug abuse
Presented by-
1. Asraful Islam Rayhan
2.Md. Shafiul Islam
3.Md. Arman Ahmed
4.Md. Suhin Hossain
5. Mohammud Ali
Dept . Of pharmacy,
JESSORE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY.
3.
4. What is drug abuse ?
Physical & mental dependence,
Cause of drug abuse,
Route of administration,
Sign & symptoms of drug abuse,
How drug addiction occur,
Categories of drug abuse,
Various types of abused drug , their
side effect & mechanism of action,
Prevention & control of drug abuse.
5. What is drug?
A drug is any substance that, when
absorbed into the body of a living organism,
alters normal bodily function. Drugs are
chemicals that change the way a person’s
body works by altering emotions and
thoughts.
Drugs have been part of our culture
since the middle of last century.
6.
7. Drug abuse may be defined as the habitual use of
drugs not needed for therapeutic purposes,
solely to alter one's mood, affect of state of
consciousness, or to affect a body function
unnecessarily.
Continued use of drugs can lead to drug
dependence, a state of physical & mental
dependence.
Commonly abused drugs :
Marijuana, Cocaine, Heroine, Alcohol.
(Sometimes sedatives, coffee and cigarettes can all be used
to harmful excess.)
8. -Bloodshot eyes,
-Pupils larger or smaller than usual,
-Changes in appetite or sleep
patterns,
-Sudden weight loss or weight gain,
-Deterioration of physical
appearance,
-Unusual smells on breath,
-Impaired coordination.
Physical warning : Behavioral warning :
-Poor work,
-Decline in performance,
-Financial Problems,
-Secretive behaviors,
-Sudden change in friends and
associates,
-Accident or trouble prone,
-Lack of motivation and withdrawn,
-Unexplained anxiety.
Sign & Symptoms of drug abuse
9. Effects of drug abuse:
Drug abuse leads to:
Loss of coordination
Poor judgment
Slowed reflexes
Distorted vision
Memory loss
Age based statistics
Almost 5.8% of the adult population
Nearly 25% of youth population
10. The Progression of Drug Abuse
tobacco
inhalants
Rx drugs
alcohol
party drugs marijuana
cocaine
heroin
MAJOR PROBLEMS
12. Physical & Mental Dependence
In physical
dependence , the
body has been altered
in ways that create
cravings for the drug
& manifests
withdrawal
symptoms.
In mental
dependence
individual believes
that optimal state of
well being is achieved
only through action of
drug .
17. Stimulants
Stimulants are drugs that
> stimulate the brain and the central nervous system
> increase the state of mental alertness
> decrease appetite
A) Amphetamines
B) Cocaine
C) Nicotine
18.
19. Cocaine
( Erythroxylon coca , local anesthetic & CNS stimulant )
Street name : Crack, Snow , Star dust, Charlie, Nose candy .
Sign & symptoms of cocaine abuse :
Increase agitation .
Disinhibition
Change in concentration & focus .
Common cold like symptoms .
Increase movement .
20.
21.
22. Heroine
•Most infamous product of
opium poppy
•Current resurgence in use:
white powder & black tar
heroin
•High purity and
skyrocketing profits
•Cheaper than “Oxy” and
other pain meds
25. How is nicotine addictive :
Over time, nicotine affects the neurotransmitter in the
brain changing the way certain brain cells work.
When one stops using nicotine the changes remains for a
while until the brain can revert back to normal state.
These change are what cause the withdrawal symptoms
characteristics of addiction.
26. Amphetamine
(Potent CNS stimulant , phenyl amine derivative , used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,
Street name : Black beauties , co-pilots ,crystal meth , heart )
Sign & symptoms of
amphetamine abuse :
Increased body
temperature
Dry mouth
Increased blood pressure
Faster breathing
Decreased appetite
Euphoria
27.
28.
29. Depressant
Depressant is a substance that
reduces the normal body activity,
function or an instinctive desire
such as appetite for food. It is also
known as “downers”.
Classification of depressants:
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Cannabis
Opioids
Benzodiazepines
30.
31. Memory loss, impaired judgment,
headaches, depression, anxiety,
blackouts, insomnia
Impotency, reproductive disorders
Chronic alcohol use may result in:
Cancers of the esophagus,
mouth, throat
Heart disease, high blood
pressure, stroke
Liver disease, liver cancer
Muscle damage, osteoporosis
Chronic stomach problems, GI
bleeding, diarrhea , ulcers, malnutrition
32. BENZODIAZEPINES
(Anxiolytic drug & have sedative, hypnotic ,anti convulsant properties)
Street name : Benzos, Downers, Goofballs
Effects of benzodiazepines:
Normal therapeutic dose:
Dry mouth, light headache, confusion.
Acute overdose :
Prolong sleep.
Decrease libido.
Erection problem.
33. Mechanism of action:
Benzodiazepines
Binds with specific regulatory site of GABA receptor in the brain
Enhance GABA activity
Channel opening
Hyperpolarization
CNS depression
34. OPIOIDS
( Synthetic & semisynthetic compounds, used as analgesic & suppress diarrhea,
cough
Street name : Dope , Painkillers , Oxy )
Effects of opioids :
Common :
Constipation
Dry mouth
Sedation
Sweats
Less common :
Delirium
Seizures
Urinary retention
Hallucinations
35. Morphine
(Analgesic & narcotic drug act on CNS , isolate from crude opium
Street name: Smack, Dragon , H , Dope .
If you can’t remember much about Morphine…
…think of MORPHINE :
Myosis
Out of it (sedation)
Respiratory depression
Pneumonia (aspiration)
Hypo-tension
Infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
Nausea
Emesis
36.
37. Hallucinogen
Hallucinogens are substances that
alter sensory processing in the brain,
causing perceptual disturbances,
changes in thought processing, and
depersonalization.
Types of hallucinogen
1.Psychedelics (Ex: LSD, Peyote,
mescaline)
2.Dissociative (Ex: Magic mashroom,
ketamin,pcp)
3.Deliriants (Ex: Datura /Jimson Weed)
38.
39. Lysergic acid diethylamide/LSD
( Psychedelic drug ,5HT-agonist,cause hallucination
Street name : Supper man , Dots, Zen , Golden dragon )
43. Hospitalization,
Behavioral Therapies,
Occupational Therapy,
Change in addict’s social environment.
Prevention is better than cure
Treatment for drug addiction:
44. Prevention and Control of Drug Abuse
Requires knowledge of :
→ Causes of drug-taking behavior,
→ Sources of illicit drugs,
→ Drug laws,
→ Treatment programs,
→ Community organizing skills.
Persistence and cooperation of various individuals
and agencies.
45. Elements of Prevention
Education,
Treatment,
Public policy,
Law enforcement.
Education and treatment goals same:
Reduce demand for drugs
Public policy and law enforcement goals same:
Reduce supply and availability of drugs.