a brief overview of complications due to drug abuse.

1. DR AMIT GUPTA
MD PSYCHIATRY
GUPTA HOSPITAL, BATHINDA

4. ..

5. .
Studies work
Family children
girlfriend , art,
excersise , hobbies,
love
Wife friends
sex
Drugs,
Drugs next dose,
drugs, drugs ,
drugs
Money,
Drugs money
next dose
Drugs , money
Drug dependence
Obsessions about
drugs

6. Cycle of
addiction
Neglect
responsibility
GATEWAY DRUGS
ALCOHOL, smoke
Substance use progresses from initial experimentation ……often
with GATEWAY DRUGS …. Alcohol, tobacoo or Cannabis …….,
gradually more frequent use , ….to regular intake.
Regular users start
neglecting their life
responsibilities,….. and
are unable to enjoy life
apart form drug.
As tolerance to drug
develops …….there are
withdrawal affects,
…..and Dependence
occurs.

7. Prolonged drug abuse changes the brain in
ways that reinforce drug taking and lead to
addiction.
changes are difficult to undo
and last a long time.

9. Source - SAMHSA
About 40% of substance use disoder associated with Mental illness
About 20 % Mental illness associated with Substance use Disorder

10. National Crime Records Bureau

11. .
In this graph showing relation of dependence &
Physical harm ………Heroin also known as
CHITTA at the right upper corner is the most
addicting and harmful drug currently being used.
D
E
P
E
N
D
E
N
C
E

12.  Traditionally used opium
( Affim ) and Poppy husk
( BHUKI ) have typical effects
of dry mouth, constipation and
miosis.
 When ingested in large
amounts it can cause
respiratory depression &
seizures.
Briefly I will outline most characteristic complications of
commonly used substances in our area

13. ( the real heroin among drugs of abuse) is
extremely addictive.
Tolerance develops rapidly and usersTolerance develops rapidly and users
shift from snorting to injecting.shift from snorting to injecting.
intravenously to keep up with theintravenously to keep up with the
requirement of dose escalationrequirement of dose escalation
thrombophlebitis , DVT , Infectivethrombophlebitis , DVT , Infective
endocarditis , Pneumonia, Pulmonary embolism ,endocarditis , Pneumonia, Pulmonary embolism ,
Respiratory depression ,Respiratory depression , abscesses, cellulitisabscesses, cellulitis

14.  Alcoholic liver
disease
 Cirrhosis
 Peptic ulcers
 Cardio-myopathy
 Osteoporosis
 Avascular necrosis
 .
spares no body organ. Common
complications include……..

15.  Withdrawal seizuresWithdrawal seizures
 Memory problemsMemory problems
 Common cause of falls- fractures in elderlyCommon cause of falls- fractures in elderly
 Respiratory depression in OVERDOSERespiratory depression in OVERDOSE
 .

16.  Leading cause of LUNG CA
 CA of Oropharynx
 Peripheral vascular disease
 Ischemic heart disease
 GERD, Peptic ulcers
 .
. - either SMOKED or CHEWED

17.  Responsible
for various
psychiatric
disorders.
Smoking
cannabis is
linked to
development
of COPD
.

18.  Hypertension , arrhythmias
 Paranoia
 Seizures
 Hallucinations
OVERDOSE
 Heart failure, Stroke
 Respiratory failure
 Cerebral hemorrhage
rarely available
& used in our
area of Punjab
is often used
Party drug in
Metro Cities

19. Myocarditis
Arythmias
endocarditis
Gastritis
CA
COPD
Pulmonary embolism
Bronchiactasis
Hepatitis, cirrhosis, CA,
portal hypertension
pancreatitis
colitis
Kidney stones
nephritis
Peripheral vascular
disease
Peripheral neuropathy
Osteoporosis
Avascular Necrosis
Sexual dysfunction
Infertility
miscarage
“track marks”, Acne, cellulitis,
Wound botulism, tetanus,
necrotizing fasciitis
thrombophlebitis, DVT,
eczema, psoriasis

20. needle sharing
high-risk
behaviors
unprotected sex

21.  Tests were done on 1,155 …..IV drug users from
Amritsar, Tarn Taran, Batala, Jalandhar and Ludhiana
and….results showed
 29 percent to be infected with HIV and
 49 percent with Hepatitis C.
 Drug users belowDrug users below 19 years of age19 years of age showedshowed
 12 percent had12 percent had HIV and
 27 percent had Hepatitis C.

22.  .

24. .
Studies work
Family children
girlfriend , art,
exercise ,
hobbies, love
Wife friends
sex
Drugs,
Drugs next dose,
drugs, drugs , drugs
Money,
Drugs money
next dose
Drugs , money
Drug dependence
Obsesions about drugs

25.  Isolation.
 Neglect of
responsibilities.
 Academic
problems
 , disrupted
families, EMA’s
and legal
problems are
the other social
issues

26. 05/13/17 Dr Amit Gupta MD Psychiatry 26

27. Residents are living aResidents are living a
life of 'social stigma'life of 'social stigma'
and anguish.and anguish.
Its men are either deadIts men are either dead
or are dying, Sinceor are dying, Since
then, it has gotten athen, it has gotten a
lot worse and thelot worse and the
name got stuck evername got stuck ever
sincesince..
 .

28.  Almost every family
has a person recklessly
sharing needles,
swallowing sometimes
100 pills a day,
peddling their blood,
stealing, falling into
debt, forcing their
wives and mothers to
give them their hard-
earned money.
 .

29. .
Research shows –
1) More individuals are
held in jails for drug
offenses than for any
other offense;
2) Arrestees frequently
test positive illicit drugs
3) Arrestees and
incarcerated offenders
were often under the
influence of illicit drugs
when committing their
offenses

30.  Buying drugs – depletes resources.Buying drugs – depletes resources.
Addicts poor health leads to greaterAddicts poor health leads to greater
spending on healthcare.spending on healthcare.
 Potential bread earner for the family is lostPotential bread earner for the family is lost
Substance use is a constant drain
on the finances of a family

31. 45.50%
42.50%
32.50%
22.30%
14%
7.90%
6.90%
5.90%
2.80%
1.30%
Earned money
given/borrowed family money
family money - by lying
borrow from friends
steal from home/ sell household…
stealing from outside
begging
helping sell items stolen by others
snatching money from others
other means
source of money for drugs
Source- National
commission for protection of
Child Rights
Addict pays for drugs by literally “begging, borrowing and stealing” …….with time self
earned money becomes inadequate and family resources' get exhausted …. Turns to
petty theft….and Gradually taking up other crimes.

32. HOW DRUG ECONOMY
WORKS
ADDICT to PEDDLERADDICT to PEDDLER
.so circumstances compel him to become a

33.  Occupational complications missing work,
poor work quality, frequent work place
accidents, poor rapport with coworkers, and
eventually lose job.
BURDEN TO SOCIETY-
 diversion of public funds for healthcare.
 Wasted potential young workforce.
In India about 40% of work
accidents have been attributed to
drug use.

34. National crime
control Bureau
In Punjab , approximately 60% ofIn Punjab , approximately 60% of
children have tried drugschildren have tried drugs
An Ominous signAn Ominous sign

35. .
Drug abuse: affects theDrug abuse: affects the
health of the individualshealth of the individuals
and destroy theand destroy the
economic structure ofeconomic structure of
the family and societythe family and society..

36. .
Organized crimeOrganized crime
connects drugconnects drug
trafficking withtrafficking with
corruption andcorruption and
moneymoney
laundering.laundering.

37. .
Drug trafficking alsoDrug trafficking also
aggravates the politicalaggravates the political
instability in North-Westinstability in North-West
and North-East India.and North-East India.

38. .
A survey conducted inA survey conducted in
2003–2004 by Narcotics2003–2004 by Narcotics
Control Bureau foundControl Bureau found
that India has at leastthat India has at least
four million drug addictsfour million drug addicts