This document discusses digital rights management (DRM) interoperability and flexibility. It covers how DRM and the DMCA impact personal use and cultural diversity. It also describes different types of DRM systems and how they control access, copying, distribution and metadata. A key issue is incompatibility between different DRM standards and systems. The document suggests that full interoperability may not be achievable in the near future, but that technical alternatives like converters and open standards could help address the challenges. It leaves flexibility as an open question.

1. DRM Interoperability
HMJ

5. I.

6. Interoperability
and
Flexible Use

7. 1.
Personal Use Freedoms
Semiotic democracy
Cultural diversity and autonomy

9. DRM
+ DMCA
1201(a): “accessto a work”
1201(b): “rights of the
copyright owner”

10. 2.
Interoperability
Cultural diversity, autonomy
Innovation

11. II.

12. Flexible DRMs

13. TPM/DRM
Non-TPM DRMs
TPM-enabled-DRMs

14. TPM/DRM
4 Categories
Access
Copy
Distribution
Ancillary

15. TPM/DRM
4 Categories
Ancillary
Identification metadata
Watermarks
Fingerprint
RELs (XrML / ODRL / CC)

17. TPM/DRM
4 Categories
Access
Conditional Access (STB)
DVD encoding
Content Scramble System (CSS)
Advanced Access Content System
(AACS)

18. TPM/DRM
4 Categories
Copy
Analog Copy Protection (Macrovision)
Copy Generation Management System
(CGMS)

19. TPM/DRM
4 Categories
Distribution
Digital Transmission Content
Protection (DTCP)
High-bandwidth Digital Content
Protection (HDTP)

20. TPM/DRM
Systems–
Encoding Fair Use

23. III.

24. Incompatibility

25. Incompatibility
XrML (REL)

26. Incompatibility
XrML (REL) ContentGuard

27. Incompatibility
XrML (REL) ContentGuard
ISO, MPEG 21

28. Incompatibility
XrML (REL) ContentGuard
ISO, MPEG 21 Microsoft

29. Incompatibility
XrML (REL) ContentGuard
ISO, MPEG 21 Microsoft
ODRL

30. Incompatibility
XrML (REL) ContentGuard
ISO, MPEG 21 Microsoft
ODRL
OMA-REL

31. Incompatibility
XrML (REL) ContentGuard
ISO, MPEG 21 Microsoft
ODRL
OMA-REL
Apple

32. Incompatibility
XrML (REL) ContentGuard
ISO, MPEG 21 Microsoft
ODRL
OMA-REL
Apple, Sun Microsystems

33. Incompatibility
XrML (REL) ContentGuard
ISO, MPEG 21 Microsoft
ODRL
OMA-REL
Apple, Sun Microsystems, CORAL/DLNA

34. Incompatibility
XrML (REL) ContentGuard
ISO, MPEG 21 Microsoft
ODRL
OMA-REL
Apple, Sun Microsystems, CORAL/DLNA, DVB

36. IV.

37. Why?
Network Effects
Standards war pre-tipping
De Facto Standard

38. Breaking Deadlock
Standards
&
Converters

39. Breaking Deadlock
Standards
(open / proprietary)
• De facto
• SSO

40. Breaking Deadlock
Converters
CORAL

42. Conclusions and Trends
Interoperability:
Not any time soon

43. Conclusions and Trends
Tech. alternatives available:
Converters, open standards

44. Conclusions and Trends
Interoperability
Flexibility
¿?