Dr. Bataa Autonmic nervous system Dr. Bataa Autonmic nervous system Dr. Bataa Autonmic nervous system Dr. Bataa Autonmic nervous system Dr. Bataa Autonmic nervous system Dr. Bataa Autonmic nervous system Dr. Bataa Autonmic nervous system Dr. Bataa Autonmic nervous system

1. Autonomic NervousAutonomic Nervous
SystemSystem
Professor of PhysiologyProfessor of Physiology

11. Division of the A.N.SDivision of the A.N.S
 1)sympathetic1)sympathetic
 Origin :thoracolumbarOrigin :thoracolumbar
 Short preganglionicShort preganglionic
 Long postganglionicLong postganglionic
 The gangliaThe ganglia
paravertebralparavertebral
&colateral&colateral
 The effect generalizedThe effect generalized
 (fight & flight)(fight & flight)
 2)parasympathetic2)parasympathetic
 CraniosacralCraniosacral
 Long preganglionicLong preganglionic
 Short postganglionicShort postganglionic
 The gangliaThe ganglia
terminal & colateralterminal & colateral
 The effect localizedThe effect localized
 (rest & digest)(rest & digest)

21. From the previous discussion answer theseFrom the previous discussion answer these
questionsquestions::
 Compare between somatic and autonomic nervous system ?Compare between somatic and autonomic nervous system ?
 Compare between pre-ganglionic and postganglionic neurons?Compare between pre-ganglionic and postganglionic neurons?
 Define the autonomic ganglia , mention its types and itsDefine the autonomic ganglia , mention its types and its
function?function?
 What are sympathetic cholinergic fibers?What are sympathetic cholinergic fibers?
 Why sympathetic postganglionic fibers release norepinephrinWhy sympathetic postganglionic fibers release norepinephrin
but not release epinephrine?but not release epinephrine?
 Explain why the sympathetic nervous system has generalizedExplain why the sympathetic nervous system has generalized
effects while the parasympathetic has a localized effects?effects while the parasympathetic has a localized effects?
 Mention the origin of both sympathetic and parasympatheticMention the origin of both sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous system?nervous system?
 Complete: the …….ganglia is pure sympathetic whileComplete: the …….ganglia is pure sympathetic while
the……..is pure parasympathetic gangliathe……..is pure parasympathetic ganglia

22. BASAL SYMPATHETICBASAL SYMPATHETIC
EFFECTSEFFECTS
AT REST (WITHOUTAT REST (WITHOUT
STRESS)STRESS)

24. Importance of sympathetic supply to adrenal

26. Importance of sympathetic toneImportance of sympathetic tone
 DefinitionDefinition : a state of continual partial: a state of continual partial
constriction of blood vessels.constriction of blood vessels.
 ImportanceImportance ::
 1- to maintain the normal blood pressure at1- to maintain the normal blood pressure at
rest ( pressure of the blood on the wall of bloodrest ( pressure of the blood on the wall of blood
vessels)vessels)
 2- this tone could be increased by the body to2- this tone could be increased by the body to
correct a condition of hypotension.correct a condition of hypotension.
3- this tone could be decreased by the body to3- this tone could be decreased by the body to
correct a condition of hypertensioncorrect a condition of hypertension

27. EFFECTS ON HEAD AND NECKEFFECTS ON HEAD AND NECK
STUCTURESSTUCTURES

29. GENERALIZED EFFECTSGENERALIZED EFFECTS
DURING STRESSDURING STRESS

38. HORNER”S SYNDROMEHORNER”S SYNDROME

41. EFFECTS ON CHEST STRUCTURESEFFECTS ON CHEST STRUCTURES

45. Effects on heartEffects on heart
 Increases heart rate (+ chronotropic )Increases heart rate (+ chronotropic )
 Increases contractility (+inotropic)Increases contractility (+inotropic)
 Increases excitability.Increases excitability.
 Increases conductivityIncreases conductivity
 Coronary dilatationCoronary dilatation indirectlyindirectly as itas it
increases cardiac activity which result inincreases cardiac activity which result in
increased accumulation of metabolites ,increased accumulation of metabolites ,
which in turn causes vasodilatation ofwhich in turn causes vasodilatation of
coronariescoronaries

46. Effects on the lungEffects on the lung
 Bronchodilatation as it causes relaxation ofBronchodilatation as it causes relaxation of
smooth muscle in the wall of bronchi.smooth muscle in the wall of bronchi.
 Vasoconstriction of bronchial blood vessels.Vasoconstriction of bronchial blood vessels.
 Decreases the bronchial gland secretionsDecreases the bronchial gland secretions

47. SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS ONSYMPATHETIC EFFECTS ON
ABDOMINALABDOMINAL
ANDAND
PELVIC STRUCTURESPELVIC STRUCTURES

52. PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTSPARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS

53. w

61. Organs with only sympathetic supplyOrgans with only sympathetic supply
 Sweat glandSweat gland
 Piloerector musclePiloerector muscle
 Dilator pupillae muscleDilator pupillae muscle
 Ventricles of the heart ( vagal escape)Ventricles of the heart ( vagal escape)
 Adrenal medullaAdrenal medulla
 Most of the blood vesselsMost of the blood vessels
 Kidney and reninKidney and renin

62. Organs with only parasympatheticOrgans with only parasympathetic
supplysupply
 Parotid glandParotid gland
 Lacrimal glandLacrimal gland
 nasopharyngeal glandsnasopharyngeal glands
 Constrictor pupillae muscleConstrictor pupillae muscle

63. Effect of autonomic supply to theEffect of autonomic supply to the
pancreaspancreas
 ParasympatheticParasympathetic input to the pancreatic beta cellsinput to the pancreatic beta cells
stimulatesstimulates insulin secretion when food is first eaten.insulin secretion when food is first eaten.
There is activation of parasympathetic efferents in theThere is activation of parasympathetic efferents in the
vagus nervevagus nerve that stimulate insulin secretion eventhat stimulate insulin secretion even
before there is an increase in blood glucose.before there is an increase in blood glucose.
 Sympathetic inputSympathetic input to the pancreatic beta cellsto the pancreatic beta cells
inhibitsinhibits insulin secretion specially duringinsulin secretion specially during exercise asexercise as
the body needs to prevent glucose uptake by non-the body needs to prevent glucose uptake by non-
muscle cells (which are insulin stimulates)muscle cells (which are insulin stimulates)

64. A
Also the relation in the ganglia is high 1:32 to 1 ; 100