The document summarizes information about earthquakes, including: 1) Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale, which assigns a number based on the size of the seismic waves. 2) Major earthquakes can cause significant damage by destroying buildings and killing people. 3) The 2011 Tohoku earthquake near Japan's northeast coast was very powerful, registering 9.0 on the Richter scale. 4) This large earthquake displaced GPS sensors and triggered a devastating tsunami.

1. Earthquakes Donovan Flack Eric MacNeil 3rd hour April 8, 2011

2. Basic Background Information What is an earthquake? A series of vibrations induced in the earth’s crust by abrupt rupture. How are earthquakes measured? By a Richter scale. What does magnitude mean? greatness of size or amount. How is magnitude measured? Using the Richter scale you can assign a number on the size of the earthquake by measuring it’s maximum amplitude of the seismic wave.

3. Damage Caused by Earthquakes Buildings are destroyed. People are killed City’s are destroyed and a lot of cultural damage is done.

4. Waves What are earthquake waves called? Seismic waves What two types of seismic waves are there? P waves and S waves What two types of body waves are there? P and S

5. Body Waves How do P waves travel? They travel fast through rock material by making the rock to vibrate. How do S waves travel? S waves travel by making the rock vibrate in right angles where the wave is moving. Which move faster? P-waves move faster then S-waves do.

6. Elastic Rebound The elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. They occur at plate boundaries.

7. The Tohoku Earthquake This quake occurred at : occurred near the northeast coast of Honshu. This quake occurred March 11, 2011 The magnitude of this quake was The magnitude was 9.0

8. Effects on the environment/earth The earthquake effected the earth’s mineral supplies The earthquake effected the people who live there The earthquake effected the economy of Japan.

9. Effects on the People of Japan Jobs are ruined Everyone houses are destroyed. Business are ruined

10. Effects on the Economy of Japan Japan will go in a depression. Japan has to rebuild everything Japan is in a economic disaster.

11. GPS Sensors One interesting fact about this earthquake is that it moved several GPS sensors. This will require …(Type answer here) How does elastic rebound explain this movement? Type your answer here .

12. Tsunamis A tsunami is a tidal wave Tsunami waves are formed as the displaced water, which acts under the influence of gravity, attempts to find a stable position again. Typically, the height of a tsunami wave is anywhere from 30-50 feet tall, sometimes reaching 100-300 hundred feet tall. The speed at which tsunamis travel depends on the ocean depth. A tsunami can exceed 500 mph in 15,000 feet of water but slows to 40 feet or less in 100 feet of water.

13. Websites Used http://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080327020633AAvYabf http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=1680&bih=897&q=how+fast+can+tsunamis+travel&aq=f&aqi=&aql=& oq = www.wsaz.com/blogs/askjosh/How_Do_Tsu_117931649.html en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami www.vaisala.com/Vaisala%20Documents/.../11.Honma.pdf en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tōhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic-rebound_theory en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tōhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami thewatchers.adorraeli.com/.../tohoku-earthquake-critically-affects-worlds-mineral-supplies/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tōhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami thewatchers.adorraeli.com/.../tohoku-earthquake-critically-affects-worlds-mineral-supplies/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tōhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tōhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami - earthquake-report.com/.../understanding-the-m-9-0-massive-tohoku-sendai-japan-earthquake-and-tsunami/ www.clydeco.com/.../The%20Tohoku%20Earthquake%20and%20Tsunami_2011.pdf en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tōhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/labs/seismic/index.htm