DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security Risks
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Pamela Berkowsky, founder and president of the public affairs consulting firm Blue Sapphire Strategies, is a former senior Defense Department official. Pamela Berkowsky is also Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance, a 501(c)(6) coalition of public, private and non-profit entities that seek to unite, champion and grow the military and defense/homeland security investments in South Florida (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). One of the Alliance’s key areas of effort is in the resiliency arena, developing measures to enhance infrastructure, operational and personnel readiness and resiliency at South Florida’s numerous military installations and commands. In early 2021, President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14008 directing a “whole of government” approach to tackling the climate crisis. With regard to the Department of Defense, it directed the Secretary of Defense to assess the security implications of climate change and to incorporate climate change and its potential impact into analysis, war-gaming and simulations. As a result, in October 2021, the Department published its Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) which closely followed the release of DOD’s broader “Climate Adaptation Plan.” The DCRA assessment focuses on the national security risks presented by global warming. One particular area of climate hazard singled out in the report is the vulnerability to sea level rise of island-based US military installations and facilities across the Indo-Pacific region. It highlights the possibility that China and other adversaries could take advantage of disruptions at these bases to expand their regional influence. Another potential risk relates to how “internal and external tensions” might be aggravated in various countries due to climate-driven resource scarcity. Resulting competition for basic resources could inflame international instability and pose increased security risks. In addition to the likelihood of growing instability between and within nations, the operational demands on DOD to supply urgent disaster relief and humanitarian aid could dramatically increase.
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Pamela Berkowsky is former federal government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She served in senior positions in the Pentagon, including the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Navy, and is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1), Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impact of climate change on military installations, personnel and operations. She is a CLEO-Institute Certified Climate Communicator.
Recognized by the Defense Department as a “threat multiplier,” climate change is now being formally integrated into all aspects of defense planning, strategy and budgeting. This is not a minor change. Although the National Defense Strategy has incorporated climate considerations since 2008, they were never fully considered a part of budget and force planning. The new Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) report, promulgated in October 2021, makes it clear that the challenges associated with climate change affect DOD missions, plans, equipment, capabilities, personnel, and infrastructure. Extreme weather impacts the military, with hurricanes significantly damaging North Carolina and Florida bases, and Norfolk Naval Base experiencing “sunny day" flooding. Wildfires driven by climate change are a growing concern for military installations in California, while “black flag” heat days, which prevent troops from training safely, are becoming more frequent. In an international context, climate change can also adversely impact U.S. allies, exacerbate existing global instabilities, and pose new challenges such as the retreating sea ice and permafrost thawing in the Arctic. This is ramping up U.S. geostrategic competition with Russia and China, with the latter country demonstrating a “Polar Silk Road” ambition. In the Indo-Pacific region, rising sea levels threaten Pacific Island nations, many of which house U.S. military bases and facilities, and potentially bring opportunities for China to assert dominance. The positive news is that the DOD is now working to integrate climate risk planning across all elements of the Department in ways that will have an immediate impact. And with the increased use of renewable energy assets, steps are being taken to ensure a future force that is green, climate resilient, and able to maintain target levels of readiness, training, and security cooperation with allies.
The Global Security and Defense Index on Climate Change - Preliminary Results
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The Index analyzes how governments around the world and their militaries plan for and anticipate the strategic threats of climate change.
The project determines to what extent governments around the world consider climate change to be a national or international security threat and how have they enshrined such a concern in their official documents and statements. The project will centralize the varying attitudes of national militaries and security establishments toward climate change in the hopes of providing unique insight into national, regional, and multilateral security approaches to the issue.
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The armed forces of a variety of countries share this view, with players as surprisingly disparate as China, Kiribati, Rwanda, and Belarus all in agreement on the threat climate change poses. Western, eastern, rich or poor, the consensus on the climate threat seems easily apparent.
The preliminary results of the Defense Index are being released in both Washington D.C. and Seoul, South Korea at the Climate Security Conference in the Asia-Pacific Region to a high level group of ministers and experts.
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National Security
and the
Accelerating Risks
of Climate Change
May 2014 CNA Military Advisory Board
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i i
Foreword
Projected climate change is a complex multi-decade challenge. Without action to build resilience, it
will increase security risks over much of the planet. It will not only increase threats to developing
nations in resource-challenged parts of the world, but it will also test the security of nations with
robust capability, including significant elements of our National Power here at home. Even though
we may not have 100 percent certainty as to the cause or even the exact magnitude of the impacts,
the risks associated with projected climate change warrant taking action today to plan and prepare
for changes in our communities, at home and abroad.
When it comes to thinking through long-term global challenges, none are more qualified than
our most senior military leaders. Not only do they have decades of experience managing risk and
responding to conflict on the battlefield, but they are also experts in geopolitical analysis and long-
range strategic planning.
Military leaders typically look at challenges with imperfect or conflicting information. Despite not
having 100 percent certainty, they weigh the consequences of various courses of action—including
the consequences of no action—and make informed decisions based on their experience and risk
forbearance.
It is through this analytical prism that 11 retired Generals and Admirals came together in 2007,
under the moniker of CNA’s Military Advisory Board, to examine the security implications of
climate change. Their landmark report, National Security and the Threat of Climate Change, was
the first time that such an elite body of military leaders expressed their concern over the security
implications of climate change.
Now, seven years later, the Military Advisory Board has gathered again to re-examine the nexus of
projected climate change and national security. This update reflects their decades of experience as
risk managers and geopolitical security experts. With the foundation of CNA’s established analytical
prowess, the report deserves strong attention from not only the security community, but als ...
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Expert Workshop on Adaptation Financing and Implementation, Putting Priorities into Practice in OECD Countries, Paris, 18-19 June, 2014
Climate Change: Implications for Defence
The Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base that will be used around the world to formulateclimate policies in the coming years. This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief that the defence sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
Grateful thanks are extended to all reviewers from both the science and
business communities for their time, effort and invaluable feedback on
this document. The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found
in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific
background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
The Defence and Security Implications of Climate Change
Professor Alan Dupont summarises the defence and security implications of climate change in a presentation for The Climate Institute's Boardroom Lunch Conversation on 21 October 2013.
EU climate chief says UN talks hinge on 2015 deal
EU climate chief says UN talks hinge upon 2015 deal - Yahoo NewsWARSAW, Poland (AP) " after another ...
Ven Main Cuases Of Flooding
The document discusses the main causes of flooding which can be categorized into three groups: climatic causes related to weather, human causes created by people, and physical causes related to land features. Students are instructed to add the six main causes of flooding to a Venn diagram showing the overlapping relationships between the three categories.
Impact of Climate Change in Turkey on U.S. National Security
Completed a thirty-page research paper including in depth analysis of how climate change could impact United States foreign policy and national security issues in the Middle East
Conducted research on the implications of a devastating earthquake or water shortage in Turkey on the ability of the United States to have a strategic base of operations in the United States
Presented research in a fifteen-slide PowerPoint to twenty students and five staff in the National Security Department
CCSFund_Prospectus
The Climate Change Security Fund seeks long-term growth by investing in companies involved in peacekeeping and resource security related to climate change impacts. The fund assumes climate change will increase threats to global stability and access to resources. It aims to provide higher returns than the S&P 500 by investing in defense, renewable energy, water, and food companies facilitating climate change adaptation. The portfolio manager evaluates companies' climate innovation and emissions reductions efforts. The fund targets institutional investors and aims to mature investments by 2020 to engage in financially-focused security solutions for climate challenges.
CAR Email 12.21.01
The Edison Electric Institute submitted comments in response to the EPA's request for comments on the draft Third U.S. Climate Action Report. The letter expresses concerns that the draft report is missing information about voluntary initiatives and programs that have reduced greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S., particularly programs involving the electric power industry. It requests that the final report include more details about industry-led voluntary programs and their achieved emission reductions. The letter also asks the EPA to extend the comment period to allow additional feedback on the draft report.
CAR Email 6.10.02
This summary provides the key details from the 3-page document in 3 sentences:
The document is an exchange of emails between White House officials discussing a letter by EPA Administrator Christie Whitman defending the administration's climate change policy in response to a Wall Street Journal editorial. It also includes a letter by White House Council on Environmental Quality Chairman James Connaughton making similar points in response to a New York Times article. Both letters emphasize the administration supports reducing greenhouse gas emissions while preserving economic growth and that there is no division within the administration on climate policy.
Climate change and poverty presentation
Climate change threatens to increase global poverty, especially in developing countries. As the earth warms, developing nations experience greater economic losses from more frequent natural disasters, averaging 13.4% of GDP annually. By 2020, climate change may increase the proportion of the world's poor from 53% to 70%. Poor communities are most vulnerable to climate change because they depend most on natural resources and have less ability to withstand climate variability. Overall, climate change exacerbates poverty worldwide, particularly in developing nations.
CC News ContributionModule 14
UNESCO officials in Fiji received positive feedback from secondary teachers on a climate change workshop. The workshop focused on a survey called SPARCK that will help raise awareness of climate issues and resilience in the Pacific. Through discussions, teachers provided input on knowledge gaps and needs to effectively teach climate change. UNESCO will visit schools and communities to administer the survey.
Presentation- Fourth Roundtable on Financing Water- Roger Pulwarty
This document discusses challenges related to water resources management under a changing climate. It notes that water demand is increasing while availability is becoming more unpredictable due to factors like drought and flooding. Infrastructure is at risk from these climate impacts. Additionally, the document discusses how climate change is making water resources management more complex, with uncertainties increasing and compound events becoming more common. It advocates for approaches that can adapt to uncertainty, like prioritizing observation programs, flexibility, and resilience over rigid predictive models.
Peter Tallantire, UK Cabinet Office
1) The document outlines the United Kingdom's approach to national security and resilience by identifying risks, building capabilities, and coordinating responses across levels of government.
2) Key objectives include protecting the UK from direct risks, reducing overseas risks, and systematically identifying and assessing hazards and threats.
3) Response is coordinated through the Cabinet Office Briefing Room (COBR) at different levels - local, regional, national - depending on the scale and impact of the emergency.
Adaptation
Climate change poses risks to sustainable development that can be addressed through adaptation. Two articles were analyzed that link adaptation and reducing negative climate impacts or enhancing positive ones. Adaptation can be autonomous and reactive or planned by public entities, but institutional support is important for long term success. While early views focused on predicting future risks, adaptation is now seen as an opportunity. However, the articles took a top-down approach rather than incorporating community awareness from the bottom-up. Mainstreaming adaptation into development requires overcoming challenges from their broad, vague nature and ensuring projects reduce both poverty and vulnerability.
Richard Okibe on climate change
Richard Okibe from the Federal Ministry of Environment and representative of Nigeria at the UNFCCC talks on climate change adapation.
CAR Email 9.3.02
The document summarizes the U.S. Climate Action Report 2002 submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It notes that press coverage incorrectly characterized the report as changing Administration views on climate science, when it was consistent with previous statements. It also clarifies that potential climate impact projections in Chapter 6 were based on scenarios, not forecasts. Minor typographical errors in Chapter 6 were corrected in the final version. Copies of the final report were delivered to the UNFCCC and U.S. Congress.
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - Executive Summary
The federal budget for Fiscal Year 2013 saw funding cuts to environmental research and development across all major agencies due to political disagreements over spending levels. Total federal spending on environmental R&D was estimated to be $8.135 billion, an 8.3% decrease from the previous year. The largest cuts occurred at the Department of Energy, NASA, and the National Science Foundation, which collectively provide about two-thirds of federal funding for environmental R&D. All federal agencies saw declines in their budgets for environmental research.
Days after typhoon
Typhoons commonly hit Taiwan in the summer, bringing strong winds and heavy rain that can cause flooding and landslides. When a strong typhoon hits, schools and work may be cancelled. After the typhoon passes, there is often significant damage, including collapsed houses, fallen trees, and soaked furniture. The typhoons also exacerbate landslides, as farming practices like over-pumping groundwater and removing trees have made the land more vulnerable. To reduce future damage, the document argues for protecting the environment, sustainable farming, and enforcing regulations regarding land and water conservation.
CAR Email 6.10.02 (b)
The document is a letter from the Administrator of the EPA, Christie Whitman, responding to an editorial in the Wall Street Journal. The letter defends the administration's position on climate change, stating there is a unified policy and the EPA report does not undermine the president's stance. Whitman argues the administration appropriately considers the uncertainties in climate science and need for economic growth in developing a flexible climate policy.
What's hot (19)
The Defence and Security Implications of Climate Change
The Defence and Security Implications of Climate Change
Impact of Climate Change in Turkey on U.S. National Security
Impact of Climate Change in Turkey on U.S. National Security
Presentation- Fourth Roundtable on Financing Water- Roger Pulwarty
Presentation- Fourth Roundtable on Financing Water- Roger Pulwarty
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - Executive Summary
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - Executive Summary
Similar to DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security Risks
US Department of Defense: Climate Risk Analysis
Biden-Harris administration, US Department of Defense, Oct 2021
Department of Defense, Office of the Undersecretary for Policy (Strategy, Plans, and Capabilities). 2021.
Department of Defense Climate Risk Analysis. Report Submitted to National Security Council.
Secretary of Defense Austin Establishes DOD Climate Working Group
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She currently works as a consultant on issues related to defense innovation, resiliency, and the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on military installations. In March 2021, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin established a Department of Defense Climate Working Group in response to an executive order from President Biden. The working group, comprised of senior civilian and military officials, is tasked with coordinating DOD responses to climate directives and tracking implementation progress.
Unlimited DistributionNational Security and the Acce.docx
Unlimited Distribution
National Security
and the
Accelerating Risks
of Climate Change
May 2014 CNA Military Advisory Board
CNA Corporation is a not-for-profit company that serves the public interest by providing in-depth analysis and results-
oriented solutions to help government leaders choose the best course of action in setting policy and managing operations.
Approved for Distribution:
Sherri Goodman
Executive Director, CNA Military Advisory Board
Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Corporate Secretary, CNA
The sponsor for this project was the Energy Foundation.
Printed on: GreenSeal® Certified 30 percent post-consumer fiber paper stock.
Copyright© 2014 CNA Corporation
Recommended citation:
CNA Military Advisory Board, National Security and the Accelerating Risks of Climate Change
(Alexandria, VA: CNA Corporation, 2014)
i i
Foreword
Projected climate change is a complex multi-decade challenge. Without action to build resilience, it
will increase security risks over much of the planet. It will not only increase threats to developing
nations in resource-challenged parts of the world, but it will also test the security of nations with
robust capability, including significant elements of our National Power here at home. Even though
we may not have 100 percent certainty as to the cause or even the exact magnitude of the impacts,
the risks associated with projected climate change warrant taking action today to plan and prepare
for changes in our communities, at home and abroad.
When it comes to thinking through long-term global challenges, none are more qualified than
our most senior military leaders. Not only do they have decades of experience managing risk and
responding to conflict on the battlefield, but they are also experts in geopolitical analysis and long-
range strategic planning.
Military leaders typically look at challenges with imperfect or conflicting information. Despite not
having 100 percent certainty, they weigh the consequences of various courses of action—including
the consequences of no action—and make informed decisions based on their experience and risk
forbearance.
It is through this analytical prism that 11 retired Generals and Admirals came together in 2007,
under the moniker of CNA’s Military Advisory Board, to examine the security implications of
climate change. Their landmark report, National Security and the Threat of Climate Change, was
the first time that such an elite body of military leaders expressed their concern over the security
implications of climate change.
Now, seven years later, the Military Advisory Board has gathered again to re-examine the nexus of
projected climate change and national security. This update reflects their decades of experience as
risk managers and geopolitical security experts. With the foundation of CNA’s established analytical
prowess, the report deserves strong attention from not only the security community, but als ...
National security&accelerating risks of climate change may 2014
The Military Advisory Board updates their 2007 report on how climate change poses national security risks. They find that actions to address climate change have been insufficient and that impacts are occurring faster than anticipated. Climate change exacerbates security issues abroad by increasing threats like water and food scarcity, instability, and extreme weather. It also endangers U.S. national power by threatening infrastructure and military readiness. The Board calls for urgent action to limit greenhouse gases and increase resilience to prevent the worst impacts.
2013 DOD Homeland Defense Strategy
This document outlines a strategy for homeland defense and defense support of civil authorities from 2012-2020. It identifies two priority missions: 1) defend US territory from direct attack, and 2) provide disaster assistance to civil authorities. The strategy emphasizes countering air/maritime threats, preventing terrorist attacks, preparing for CBRN incidents, and developing plans to support authorities during complex catastrophes. It also promotes integrated planning, federal-state cooperation, and expanded North American cooperation to strengthen civil support capabilities. The strategy aims to enhance homeland defense and civil support efforts within resource constraints.
Climate change threats to national security
Numerous recent reports have identified climate change as a national security threat,
but none have discussed the implications for the operation of space systems, or provided
illumination on the role of space capabilities in climate change mitigation and adaptation.
This paper suggests that the space community needs to engage immediately in this
discussion, and that space capabilities can make substantial contributions in the short and
long term.
Extreme Heat Can Impact Military Operations, Training, and Readiness
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on U.S. military installations, personnel and operations.
The American Security Project, a nonpartisan organization focused on the national security challenges of the 21st century, has identified climate change -- an “accelerant of instability” -- as one of the most critical threats to security both at home and abroad. Its president, retired Marine Corps brigadier general Stephen Cheney, recently addressed the impact of extreme heat on military operations, installations and readiness. In a desert region such as Arizona, record breaking high temperatures and heat intensity can affect training tempo, limit available flying hours, and strain demands on installation power generation. This past summer, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base alone experienced 16 days with a temperature in excess of 90 degrees. On such days, strenuous exercise and physical training activities are suspended and flight operations constrained, making it more likely they will be shifted to nighttime. Furthermore, drought conditions and desertification overseas can result in food insecurity and climate migration, forcing the Department of Defense to intensify its focus on the possibility of increased climate-driven conflict abroad.
Water security
This document discusses whether water should be considered a security issue according to realist theory in international relations. It argues that water meets the criteria of a security issue given its vital importance to human life and the potential for conflicts over scarce water resources. While realism traditionally focused narrowly on military threats to states, the failure of realists to predict major global changes like the end of the Cold War suggests the theory needs to be more flexible and adaptive to contemporary security challenges like environmental stress and resource scarcity. Including water as a security issue could make realism more relevant and effective in analyzing current global politics.
Water Security
This document discusses whether water should be considered a security issue according to realist theory in international relations. It argues that water meets the criteria of a security issue given its vital importance to human life and the potential for conflicts over scarce water resources. While realism traditionally focused narrowly on military threats to states, the failure of realists to predict major global changes like the end of the Cold War calls into question the theory's restrictive view of what constitutes a security issue. Including water broadens realism in a way that could enhance its relevance to contemporary global politics.
1NAVAL WAR COLLEGENewport, R.I.THREADING THE NEEDLE.docx
1
NAVAL WAR COLLEGE
Newport, R.I.
THREADING THE NEEDLE: HOW THE UNITED STATES NORTHERN COMMAND
CAN CREATE EFFECTIVE INTERAGENCY RELATIONSHIPS
by
Michael F. Morris
Lieutenant Colonel, USAF
A paper submitted to the Faculty of the Naval War College in partial satisfaction of the
requirements of the Department of Joint Military Operations.
The contents of this paper reflect my own personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by
the Naval War College or the Department of the Navy.
Signature: _____________________________
13 May 2000
________________________________
Albion A. Bergstrom
Professor, JMO Department
________________________________
CAPT Mark D. Seaman, USN
Professor, JMO Department
________________________________
COL Kevin G. Merrigan, USA
Faculty Advisor
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
1. Report Security Classification: UNCLASSIFIED
2. Security Classification Authority:
3. Declassification/Downgrading Schedule:
4. Distribution/Availability of Report: DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE;
DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED.
5. Name of Performing Organization : JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
6. Office Symbol :
C
7. Address:
NAVAL WAR COLLEGE
686 CUSHING ROAD
NEWPORT, RI 02841-1207
8. Title (Include Security Classification): THREADING THE NEEDLE: HOW THE UNITED STATES NORTHERN
COMMAND CAN CREATE EFFECTIVE INTERAGENCY RELATIONSHIPS
9. Personal Authors : Lieutenant Colonel Michael F. Morris, USAF
10.Type of Report: FINAL 11. Date of Report: 13 MAY
2002
12.Page Count : 23 12A Paper Advisor (if any): COL Kevin G. Merrigan, USA
13.Supplementary Notation: A paper submitted to the Faculty of the NWC in partial satisfaction of the requirements of
the JMO Department. The contents of this paper reflect my own personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by the
NWC or the Department of the Navy.
14. Ten key words that relate to your paper: United States Northern Command, NORTHCOM, homeland security, homeland defense,
interagency, Unified Command Plan, coordination, cooperation, memorandum of agreement, exercise planning
15.Abstract: This paper addresses the significant operational, political, and organizational risks inherent in the implementation of United
States Northern Command, or NORTHCOM, and how the command can mitigate those risks by carefully managing their relationships
with the homeland security interagency players. After briefly reviewing homeland security organizational issues, the author proposes
three areas of potential problems -- budget authority, unclear lines of authority and responsibility, and a lack of communication,
command, and control relationships among interagency players. To address these problems, the author suggests NORTHCOM focus on
five characteristics of their interage.
The Energy Sector Paper
The Department of Defense is one of the largest consumers of energy in the United States. Currently, the DOD is investing heavily in renewable energy and aims to spend $10 billion annually on renewable energy by 2030. This focus on renewable energy will help reduce the military's fossil fuel consumption and dependence on foreign oil.
Department of Defense, U.S. Northern Command, National Guard, and Defense Su...
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of the Department of Defense (DoD), U.S. Northern Command (NORTHCOM), and National Guard (NG) in homeland defense and civil support missions. The DoD is responsible for coordinating all government agencies related to the armed forces and national security. NORTHCOM coordinates DoD homeland defense efforts and provides defense support to civil authorities. The NG can provide specialized training and equipment to support emergency response. The DoD, NORTHCOM, and NG work within a framework established by laws and directives to provide defense support as a last resort during domestic emergencies.
lloyd_article
The document discusses the role of military engineers in security cooperation operations. It describes how engineers can work with other government agencies and non-governmental organizations to build host nation capacity through infrastructure development projects and disaster response. Specifically, it provides examples of how U.S. Army engineers have partnered with Iraqi engineers on projects like constructing a sewer system and surveying a canal system to improve governance and stability in Iraq. The document argues that engineers are well-suited to lead security cooperation efforts using a whole-of-government approach due to their technical expertise in infrastructure and experience coordinating across agencies.
The Design of an Undergraduate Program in Homeland Security - Jon E. Travis a...
The Design of an Undergraduate Program in Homeland Security - Jon E. Travis and Chris W. Bradshaw - Published in NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief
The Design of an Undergraduate Program in Homeland Security by Dr. Jon E. Tra...
The Design of an Undergraduate Program in Homeland Security by Dr. Jon E. Travis and Chris W. Bradshaw
Dr. Jon Travis - www.nationalforum.com
The document describes a study that aimed to design an undergraduate curriculum in homeland security. A Delphi panel of homeland security directors reached consensus on important content areas. They identified 8 major areas: security issues, emergency management, risk management, threat analysis, technology, introduction to homeland security, fusion/intelligence, and training and development. The panel recommended 13 specific subject areas to include in the curriculum. The study provides a proposed curriculum framework to help colleges prepare students for careers in homeland security.
Travis, jon e the design of an undergraduate program in homeland security foc...
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
Founded 1982
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS are a group of national refereed, juried, peer-reviewed, blind-reviewed professional periodicals. Any article published shall earned five affirmative votes from members of our National Board of Invited Distinguished Jurors and must be recommended for national publication by members of the National Policy Board representing all National FORUM Journals. Journal issues are distributed both nationally and world-wide.
Our website features national refereed articles that are published daily within our National FORUM Journals Online Journal Division. Over 1,000 articles are available to scholars and practitioners world-wide. Over 250,000 guests visit our website yearly. About 56,000 articles are downloaded for academic purposes at no charge. We have about an 88% rejection rate. See: www.nationalforum.com
Founded in 1982, National FORUM Journals has published the scholarly contributions of over 5,200 professors with over 2,000 articles indexed. Our journals are indexed with many global agencies including Cabell’s Directories, ERIC, EBSCO, SWETS International, Library of Congress National Serials Data Program, and the Copyright Clearance Center, Danvers, Massachusetts.
Global Website: www.nationalforum.com
Dr. Jon E. Travis - NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com
This article summarizes a study that used a Delphi panel of homeland security experts to design an undergraduate program in homeland security. The panel identified key content areas and subjects that should be included in such a program. They identified 8 major content areas as most important: security issues, emergency management, risk management, threat analysis, technology, introduction to homeland security, fusion/intelligence, and training and development. Within these areas, the panel identified 23 subjects as essential to the program, which were later narrowed down to 13 core subjects that experts agreed should make up the curriculum of an undergraduate homeland security degree.
CSIS Report Preparing for the 2014 QDR
The document summarizes a conference held by CSIS to discuss considerations for the upcoming 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review. There was general agreement among panelists that:
1) The 2014 QDR will be conducted amid unprecedented fiscal uncertainty due to budget cuts and the threat of sequestration.
2) High-level participation and buy-in are critical to successfully set priorities and manage competing interests in the QDR process.
3) The QDR process should include both small "cabal" groups and larger committee components to balance inclusivity and focused decision-making.
Red teams can also provide a valuable independent perspective. While the QDR must communicate strategy to various audiences, capturing complexity
Security sector reform defence diplomacy
1) Security sector reform has become an important component of the "whole of government" approach to addressing security challenges. The UK in particular has made security sector reform one of the military's eight defence missions.
2) The UK established interdepartmental funding pools like the Global Conflict Prevention Pool to improve coordination between departments on conflict prevention strategies and security sector reform programs.
3) These funding pools receive both overseas development assistance funds and non-ODA funds from the Ministry of Defence, Department for International Development, and Foreign and Commonwealth Office according to jointly agreed strategies.
Similar to DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security Risks (20)
Secretary of Defense Austin Establishes DOD Climate Working Group
Secretary of Defense Austin Establishes DOD Climate Working Group
Unlimited DistributionNational Security and the Acce.docx
Unlimited DistributionNational Security and the Acce.docx
National security&accelerating risks of climate change may 2014
National security&accelerating risks of climate change may 2014
Extreme Heat Can Impact Military Operations, Training, and Readiness
Extreme Heat Can Impact Military Operations, Training, and Readiness
1NAVAL WAR COLLEGENewport, R.I.THREADING THE NEEDLE.docx
1NAVAL WAR COLLEGENewport, R.I.THREADING THE NEEDLE.docx
Department of Defense, U.S. Northern Command, National Guard, and Defense Su...
Department of Defense, U.S. Northern Command, National Guard, and Defense Su...
The Design of an Undergraduate Program in Homeland Security - Jon E. Travis a...
The Design of an Undergraduate Program in Homeland Security - Jon E. Travis a...
The Design of an Undergraduate Program in Homeland Security by Dr. Jon E. Tra...
The Design of an Undergraduate Program in Homeland Security by Dr. Jon E. Tra...
Travis, jon e the design of an undergraduate program in homeland security foc...
Travis, jon e the design of an undergraduate program in homeland security foc...
Dr. Jon E. Travis - NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com
Dr. Jon E. Travis - NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com
More from Pamela Berkowsky
Hurlburt Field in Florida to Undergo Energy Efficiency Upgrades
A respected expert in defense and national security, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of federal and territorial government experience and has recently been certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute. As the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs and business consultancy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org). Her SFDA work focuses primarily on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel, readiness, and operations. In mid-2021, the US Defense Department (DOD) announced that it would undertake a comprehensive upgrade of energy infrastructure at Hurlburt Field, the Destin, Florida military base which hosts the headquarters of Air Force Special Operations Command (HQ AFSOC). The Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC), awarded by the Defense Logistics Agency – Energy, provides Schneider Electric Buildings Americas with a $22.6 million task order to bring Hurlburt Fields’s infrastructure up to standard, aiming to ensure that grid stability and critical power supply needs are fully met. The work is also expected to have a positive budgetary impact, with $1.5 million in annual energy savings forecast across the 22-year contract term – a projected annual 17.7% reduction in energy costs. The project is one of a new breed of long term ESPC contracts that strive to boost facility efficiency while also improving mission readiness and 24/7 energy reliability. Among the upgrades spanning more than 375 structures planned at Hurlburt Field are a canopy solar PV system that will supply 240kW of electricity, airfield LED lighting upgrades, enhanced HVAC capacity, and duct sealing. In addition, a microgrid control-outfitted battery energy system with 200kW/112kWhr storage capacity will boost operational resilience and help ensure mission-critical reliability. Construction is projected for completion in early 2023 and will significantly enhance HQ AFSOC’s stability and resiliency.
Denver Takes Citywide Step in Mandating Building Energy Efficiency
Pamela Berkowsky is a Fulbright scholar and former Pentagon and United States Virgin Islands government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. As a senior executive consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), she focuses on defense innovation and climate resiliency issues. Pamela Berkowsky and her Defense Alliance colleagues are carefully monitoring steps the federal and municipal governments are undertaking across the country to mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change. One important civic development in late 2021 worth noting is the Denver, Colorado, City Council adoption of an ordinance that aims to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The new municipal rules are the first ever to cover all multifamily and commercial buildings citywide. They mandate improvements spanning building electrification, efficiency, and the use of renewable energy. Backed by a local commercial real estate organization, the new regulations were adopted by a unanimous Council vote and are based on recommendations of the “Energize Denver” Task Force. Under the ambitious new rules, buildings exceeding 25,000 square feet must attain nearly one-third energy savings by 2030, with interim goals in 2024 and 2027 helping to measure progress along the way. Where cost-effective, gas-powered systems must also be replaced by electric cooling and heating systems. At the same time, buildings with a footprint of between 5,000 and 25,000 square feet are required to either have 100 percent LED lighting in place by 2030 or obtain 20 percent or more of their electricity through solar. By enabling these significant changes, which aim for net zero energy within two decades, Denver is providing a mix of incentives and support, coordinated through the Energize Denver Resource Hub.
Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) Brings Private Tech Innovation to Fore
As a former Pentagon official whose tenure spanned three Presidential administrations, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA), a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established to 1) grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and 2) educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts (https://pt.slideshare.net/pamelabberkowsky/doing-businesswithmilitarycompiled). In this regard, Pamela Berkowsky and her SFDA colleagues work closely with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council, the County’s economic development authority, to connect South Florida tech founders, funders, and entrepreneurs to the relevant Department of Defense (DOD) entities.
The Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) is one of the primary entities playing an integral role in DOD’s innovation acquisition strategy. It was established in 2015 with a mission of accelerating DOD’s commercial tech adoption through partnerships with leading companies in locales including Boston, Austin and Silicon Valley. DIU’s commercial partnerships extend well beyond the sphere of traditional defense contractors and are facilitated through a pair of complementary efforts: National Security Innovation Capital (NSIC) and the National Security Innovation Network (NSIN). The latter involves partnerships with incubators, universities, and accelerators in areas such as dual-use ventures and new concept development. It also encourages “customer discovery” as a key pathway toward commercializing technologies developed in DOD laboratories. By contrast, NSIC serves to direct investment toward next generation hardware technologies through Other Transaction Authority (OTA) agreements. In addition, the DIU has simplified the process of securing merit-based contracts for companies that have never before worked with the US government. Its current director Mike Brown (former Symantec CEO) has repeatedly underscored the need for the US military to rapidly acquire and utilize leading edge commercial technologies in areas such as autonomous systems, AI, sensors, space, communications and cyber security. With awards ranging from $500K - $3M, DIU facilitates an accelerated means of addressing challenges defined as critical for national security through delivery of workable commercial technologies within a 12- to 24-month timeframe.
Chief Heat Officer in Miami Seeks Equitable Climate Change Solutions
Pamela Berkowsky has over three decades of experience in defense and defense-related sectors. She focuses on how climate change impacts US military installations, personnel, and operations. Miami-Dade County Mayor Daniella Levine Cava appointed Jane Gilbert as the world's first Chief Heat Officer to expand and coordinate efforts to protect people from heat. Gilbert noted the profound effects of climate change in the Miami area, with average days over 90 degrees increasing from 27 to 88 by mid-century. The county has established a task force under Gilbert's leadership to address public awareness, outreach, and policy solutions for heat challenges.
Giving to ITEC through the Lippy Leadership Society
Pamela Berkowsky is an experienced executive and former Pentagon official with expertise in national security and international affairs. During the course of her career, she has served in multiple high-profile positions in the federal government as both a career civil servant and a political appointee. Currently based in Florida and the US Virgin Islands, Pamela Berkowsky serves as the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy firm. In addition, she is an avid tennis fan and supports and serves as a Board Member of multiple community organizations, including USA Foundation of the Israel Tennis & Education Centers (https://itecenters.org/).
The Israel Tennis & Education Centers (ITEC) is a non-profit organization that seeks to support children from all backgrounds living in one of the world’s most high conflict areas; it is one of Israel’s largest social impact programs. ITEC engages its young members in sports, teaching vital life skills such as focus, self-reliance, and perseverance while enhancing values of tolerance, co-existence, and self-esteem. There are multiple ways to contribute to their programs including through the Lippy Leadership Society, which provides annual funding to ITEC’s 14 centers, many of which are located in low-income neighborhoods. The Lippy Leadership Society is named after Dr. William Lippy, one of ITEC’s six original founders who has been at the forefront in supporting its social, educational, and athletic programs. These programs have in turn, benefitted both Jews and non-Jews across Israel, while positively impacting the lives of thousands of Israeli youth. Membership of the Lippy Leadership Society is classified into four categories which are the Founder Society (upon providing a $1,000 annual renewable gift), Chai Society (through an annual renewable gift of $1,800), Friends for Life Society (through an annual renewable gift of $5,000), and Masada Society (through an annual renewable gift of $10,000).
The World's First Approved Ebola Vaccine
An alumnus of Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant with the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA) www.southfloridadefensealliance.org. Married to Adam Shapiro, a double board-certified physician with whom she founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, Pamela Berkowsky focuses on the defense innovation ecosystem and the national security implications of climate change. Among her particular interests are climate impacts on infectious diseases, including Ebola, and the resulting consequences for bio-warfare defense; one of the most important medical countermeasures is vaccination. The first human vaccination against the Ebola virus was approved just two years ago. Ervebo, a vaccine produced by the pharmaceutical corporation Merck & Co., Inc., was authorized by the European Union in 2019, followed by approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration later that year. During the ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019, the World Health Organization had begun to use Ervebo as an investigational vaccine under a special program to mitigate the outbreak. Only around three percent of the roughly 100,000 persons who had been vaccinated up to that point developed Ebola. The EU and FDA approvals were based on these findings, as well as data from earlier trials including the ring vaccination study conducted during the catastrophic multi-year outbreak in Guinea that resulted thousands of fatalities. Most recently, the vaccine was credited with ending the 2021 Ebola outbreak in Guinea, only months after the first cluster was identified.
DoD Interested in Commercial Propulsion Technology for Space Missions
The president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs consulting firm, Pamela Berkowsky holds a master’s degree in national security studies from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a bachelor’s degree in public and international affairs from Princeton University. Pamela Berkowsky, who with her husband, Adam Shapiro, founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, also serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), where she focuses on the national security implications of climate change, defense innovation, and opportunities to expand Department of Defense (DOD) investments in South Florida, including the aviation and aerospace sectors. In September of this year, DOD’s Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) requested proposals from private-sector companies for “lightweight, portable, long-duration” nuclear power and propulsion technologies that may be utilized to power future DoD missions in space. Existing electrical and solar-based propulsion technologies, according to the DoD, cannot support trips beyond Earth’s orbit nor are they compatible with the reduced size and weight requirements of next-generation spacecraft. As a result, a sophisticated propulsion system that can provide significant variations in velocity and power to payloads while being fuel-efficient is essential. Due to the low-temperature nature of space, the DoD additionally asked that proposed systems be able to deliver heat to spacecraft systems and that the quantity of radiation emitted be kept to a minimum. While NASA is already working to develop fission-based propulsion and power systems, DIU’s solicitation is focused on identifying commercial technology that can be used in the nearer term. Using Other Transaction Authority, DIU expects to award contracts by the end of the year.
South Florida Defense Alliance Promotes Regional Defense Sector Growth
A graduate of Princeton University and a Fulbright scholar, Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and Virgin Islands government official. Currently, Pamela Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies – the public affairs consulting firm she founded -- and a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA).
Founded in 2017, the SFDA was established to unite, champion and grow the defense community in the four-county region of South Florida (Monroe, Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties). The area’s rich military presence includes more than 50,000 active duty, guard & reserve service members and their families, more than 230,000 veterans -- and encompasses several key military commands and installations including Homestead Air Reserve Base, Naval Air Station Key West, Coast Guard District 7, and MARFORSOUTH, some of the country’s most significant Department of Defense and homeland security assets.
SFDA is a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established by an initial grant from the Governor’s Florida Defense Support Task Force. It has partnered with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council to grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts. The SFDA is currently embarking on a significant effort to assess and enhance the climate resiliency of South Florida’s military installations and personnel.
To learn more about how the SFDA advocates for military presence, capability, and growth in South Florida, visit www.southfloridadefensealliance.org.
United States Donates Medical Equipment to India for COVID-19
A national security and international relations professional, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of consequence management experience at a senior government level. She has also gained unique insights into healthcare sector response initiatives through her husband, Adam Shapiro, an otolaryngolgist. Pamela Berkowsky leverages this knowledge and experience to provide consultancy services to nonprofit, public, and private clients as president of Blue Sapphire Strategies and to support DOD investments in the commercial and academic sectors as senior executive defense consultant for the South Florida Defense Alliance. The largest government department in the United States, the DOD trains and equips military forces to ensure U.S. national security and deter wars. The department also provides humanitarian assistance and international support to other countries, notably in the wake of natural disasters. Under the leadership of Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, the Department of Defense is providing significant assistance to India as it confronts the latest destabilizing and deadly chapter of the COVID-19 crisis. As part of its whole-of-government effort, the US has sent medical supplies and equipment to the country for aid in the battle against the pandemic. Donated to India through the US Agency for International Development, the support has included rapid diagnostic kits, oxygen cylinders and regulators, ventilators, N95 masks, therapeutics, and importantly, vaccine manufacturing supplies and public health assistance. This builds on seven decades of the US-India Health Partnership, which has served to reduce HIV infections, combat tuberculosis, help pregnant women and improve healthcare across India and in its most vulnerable communities.
European Union and United States Approve Merck’s Ebola Vaccine
A former Pentagon official, Pamela (Pam) Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy. As an active champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, and as the wife of otolaryngologist Dr. Adam Shapiro, she maintains a deep concern about potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and a keen interest in the development of vaccines to treat them.
In 2019, both the European Union and the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) announced approval of the world’s first vaccine for the viral disease Ebola. Developed by Merck, the vaccine Ervebo received conditional marketing authorization from the European Medicines Agency, allowing it to be approved on an accelerated schedule and with less required clinical data than a typical new drug. Given the public health imperative, the FDA also completed its evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of this vaccine on an expedited timetable.
Ervebo underwent trials during ebola outbreaks in Guinea, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and in additional studies in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Antibody responses to Ervebo were also tested on individuals in Canada, Spain and the United States. Administered as a single-dose injection, the vaccine is approved for people over the age of 18 to protect against Ebola Zaire, the virus’ most common subtype.
Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance Recommends the Naming of Heat Waves
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She has watched with interest the recent establishment of the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance, an international coalition that aims to raise public awareness of increasing heat risks. The top priority of the new alliance is to name and rank heat waves in order to draw public attention to extreme heat events in the same way hurricanes and winter storms are named. Naming heat waves would allow leaders to better protect citizens and prepare their communities. The alliance also seeks to improve heat-related data collection and create public insurance mechanisms to help cities fund heat mitigation and response measures.
Covid 19 as a us national security emergency
An alumnus of both Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky is proud of her decades of public service. During her Clinton Administration Pentagon tenure, Pamela Berkowsky served as the Department of Defense liaison to the National Security Council and federal, state and local agencies on domestic terrorism preparedness and homeland defense issues. As a champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, she studied potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and sought to strengthen DOD's ability to respond to such threats at home.
Numerous national security assessments, including a recent RAND Corporation study, conclude that the global coronavirus pandemic is the greatest threat to the nation in a century. Compared to World War II, which had an average of 9,000 American deaths per month, COVID-19 has claimed an average of 30,000 lives per month, with numbers expected to rise. It is not surprising, therefore, that Department of Defense assets have played a larger role in responding to the pandemic than any other domestic event in history. What began earlier this year with limited involvement in assisting stranded cruise ship passengers has since grown into a response engaging every branch of the military, including active, reserve and Guard forces; many new assets have received their debut in the midst of the pandemic. Troops and DOD civilian personnel have been engaged in numerous missions ranging from manning field hospitals and urban augmentation medical facilities, deploying hospital ships and rural response teams, distributing PPE, serving meals, conducting virus screening tests, and vaccine development and distribution. Throughout the pandemic, ensuring the safety and protection of its own military and civilian personnel and their families has also been a primary DOD objective.
Doing business-with-military-compiled
The document provides an overview of an event focused on doing business with the military. It begins with introductions, goals for the event, and an overview of Miami-Dade County's aviation industry and defense industry cluster study. It then discusses current and future DoD budget areas like aviation, science and technology, and MRO/training/drone operations. A panel discussion on these topics is outlined, including remarks from military logistics and acquisition leaders on requirements in aviation maintenance, repair, and logistics. The event aims to help local businesses understand defense opportunities and how to do business with the military.
DOD and Its Role in the National Response Framework
A former DOD official and founding member of the International Network of Women in Emergency Management, Pamela Berkowsky is the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies and serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA). While in the Pentagon, Pamela Berkowsky served as a liaison between the Department of Defense and federal, state and local authorities on domestic terrorism preparedness and consequence management. The National Response Framework (NRF), issued by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, provides a comprehensive approach to domestic incident management and response to all types of disasters and emergencies. It is built on “scalable, flexible and adaptable concepts” outlined in the National Incident Management System. The NRF prescribes key roles and responsibilities for prevention, preparation, response and recovery assigned to public, private and non-governmental entities across the Nation, and describes mechanisms for cross-sector coordination and integration. It highlights specific authorities and best practices for handling emergencies ranging from predominantly local incidents to large-scale catastrophic terrorist attacks. The NRF contains 15 emergency support functions (ESFs), and each ESF has a federal agency or department assigned as the lead coordinator. While DOD is the lead for ESF #3 (Public Works and Engineering) through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, a Defense Coordinating Officer would be responsible for DOD support of all fifteen ESFs . The most recent NRF was issued in October, 2019.
The Role of DOD in Disaster Relief & Humanitarian Assistance
As Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Civil Support, Pamela Berkowsky was the Department of Defense Liaison to the National Security Council and federal, state and local agencies on domestic terrorism preparedness and consequence management; she has testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee on these matters. While much has changed in the years since 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, including the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense continues to play an important role in disaster response and humanitarian assistance, carrying out these core missions in support of other U.S. government agencies – whether at home (FEMA) or abroad (Department of State). DOD is equipped with the manpower, equipment, capability and legal authority required to deploy relief resources around the world in the event of a natural or man-made disaster. In the event of a domestic or international contingency, Active Duty, National Guard and/or Reserve units can provide medical assistance, logistics and transportation support, engineering, aid distribution, search and rescue and security, among categories of assistance. While DOD’s forward-deployed assets facilitate the delivery of disaster relief and humanitarian assistance overseas, recent catastrophic floods, fires and hurricanes have underscored the importance of equipment pre-prepositioning for effective response efforts at home.
Reorganization of the Defense Department and Joint Chiefs of Staff
Pamela Berkowsky served over a decade at the Pentagon on the staffs of the Secretary of Defense and Undersecretary of the Navy. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, which advises the president and secretary of defense, includes the chiefs of the Army, Air Force, Naval Operations, and Marine Corps. In 2012, the National Guard Bureau chief also joined as a member, and General Craig McKinley became the first such commander to achieve four-star rank.
The Purpose of the Joint Task Force Civil Support
Executive management professional Pamela Berkowsky has years of experience in senior positions with state and federal government. Most recently, Pam Berkowsky served as the chief of staff to the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands, a position in which she oversaw management of the territory's emergency preparedness and response institutions. During her previous tenure at the Pentagon, Pamela Berkowsky held the distinction of providing the first civilian oversight of the Joint Task Force Civil Support, or JTF-CS.
Fulbright Scholars Go on to Win Nobel Prizes and Attain High Office
A senior staff member for numerous government officials including the secretary of defense, the undersecretary of the Navy, and the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Pamela Berkowsky has broad experience in national security and public administration. Before going into public service, Pamela Berkowsky was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship for graduate study at the Institut universitaire de hautes etudes internationales in Geneva, Switzerland.
Why Support the Junior Philanthropists?
The Junior Philanthropists of the Virgin Islands are a student-run organization, established three years ago, to promote youth educational programs. Members range in age from 9-16 and pay their age in membership dues. Their biggest annual fundraiser is the Youth4Youth Tennis Tournament.
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Hurlburt Field in Florida to Undergo Energy Efficiency Upgrades
Hurlburt Field in Florida to Undergo Energy Efficiency Upgrades
Denver Takes Citywide Step in Mandating Building Energy Efficiency
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Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) Brings Private Tech Innovation to Fore
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Chief Heat Officer in Miami Seeks Equitable Climate Change Solutions
Chief Heat Officer in Miami Seeks Equitable Climate Change Solutions
Giving to ITEC through the Lippy Leadership Society
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DoD Interested in Commercial Propulsion Technology for Space Missions
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South Florida Defense Alliance Promotes Regional Defense Sector Growth
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United States Donates Medical Equipment to India for COVID-19
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European Union and United States Approve Merck’s Ebola Vaccine
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- 1. DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security Risks Pamela Berkowsky
- 2. Introduction Pamela Berkowsky, founder and president of the public affairs consulting firm Blue Sapphire Strategies, is a former senior Defense Department official. Pamela Berkowsky is also Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance, a 501(c)(6) coalition of public, private and non-profit entities that seek to unite, champion and grow the military and defense/homeland security investments in South Florida (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). One of the Alliance’s key areas of effort is in the resiliency arena, developing measures to enhance infrastructure, operational and personnel readiness and resiliency at South Florida’s numerous military installations and commands.
- 3. In early 2021, President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14008 directing a “whole of government” approach to tackling the climate crisis. With regard to the Department of Defense, it directed the Secretary of Defense to assess the security implications of climate change and to incorporate climate change and its potential impact into analysis, war-gaming and simulations. As a result, in October 2021, the Department published its Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) which closely followed the release of DOD’s broader “Climate Adaptation Plan.” The DCRA assessment focuses on the national security risks presented by global warming.
- 4. One particular area of climate hazard singled out in the report is the vulnerability to sea level rise of island-based US military installations and facilities across the Indo-Pacific region. It highlights the possibility that China and other adversaries could take advantage of disruptions at these bases to expand their regional influence. Another potential risk relates to how “internal and external tensions” might be aggravated in various countries due to climate-driven resource scarcity. Resulting competition for basic resources could inflame international instability and pose increased security risks. In addition to the likelihood of growing instability between and within nations, the operational demands on DOD to supply urgent disaster relief and humanitarian aid could dramatically increase.