Hurlburt Field in Florida to Undergo Energy Efficiency UpgradesPamela Berkowsky
A respected expert in defense and national security, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of federal and territorial government experience and has recently been certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute. As the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs and business consultancy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org). Her SFDA work focuses primarily on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel, readiness, and operations. In mid-2021, the US Defense Department (DOD) announced that it would undertake a comprehensive upgrade of energy infrastructure at Hurlburt Field, the Destin, Florida military base which hosts the headquarters of Air Force Special Operations Command (HQ AFSOC). The Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC), awarded by the Defense Logistics Agency – Energy, provides Schneider Electric Buildings Americas with a $22.6 million task order to bring Hurlburt Fields’s infrastructure up to standard, aiming to ensure that grid stability and critical power supply needs are fully met. The work is also expected to have a positive budgetary impact, with $1.5 million in annual energy savings forecast across the 22-year contract term – a projected annual 17.7% reduction in energy costs. The project is one of a new breed of long term ESPC contracts that strive to boost facility efficiency while also improving mission readiness and 24/7 energy reliability. Among the upgrades spanning more than 375 structures planned at Hurlburt Field are a canopy solar PV system that will supply 240kW of electricity, airfield LED lighting upgrades, enhanced HVAC capacity, and duct sealing. In addition, a microgrid control-outfitted battery energy system with 200kW/112kWhr storage capacity will boost operational resilience and help ensure mission-critical reliability. Construction is projected for completion in early 2023 and will significantly enhance HQ AFSOC’s stability and resiliency.
Denver Takes Citywide Step in Mandating Building Energy EfficiencyPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is a Fulbright scholar and former Pentagon and United States Virgin Islands government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. As a senior executive consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), she focuses on defense innovation and climate resiliency issues. Pamela Berkowsky and her Defense Alliance colleagues are carefully monitoring steps the federal and municipal governments are undertaking across the country to mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change. One important civic development in late 2021 worth noting is the Denver, Colorado, City Council adoption of an ordinance that aims to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The new municipal rules are the first ever to cover all multifamily and commercial buildings citywide. They mandate improvements spanning building electrification, efficiency, and the use of renewable energy. Backed by a local commercial real estate organization, the new regulations were adopted by a unanimous Council vote and are based on recommendations of the “Energize Denver” Task Force. Under the ambitious new rules, buildings exceeding 25,000 square feet must attain nearly one-third energy savings by 2030, with interim goals in 2024 and 2027 helping to measure progress along the way. Where cost-effective, gas-powered systems must also be replaced by electric cooling and heating systems. At the same time, buildings with a footprint of between 5,000 and 25,000 square feet are required to either have 100 percent LED lighting in place by 2030 or obtain 20 percent or more of their electricity through solar. By enabling these significant changes, which aim for net zero energy within two decades, Denver is providing a mix of incentives and support, coordinated through the Energize Denver Resource Hub.
Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) Brings Private Tech Innovation to ForePamela Berkowsky
As a former Pentagon official whose tenure spanned three Presidential administrations, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA), a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established to 1) grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and 2) educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts (https://pt.slideshare.net/pamelabberkowsky/doing-businesswithmilitarycompiled). In this regard, Pamela Berkowsky and her SFDA colleagues work closely with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council, the County’s economic development authority, to connect South Florida tech founders, funders, and entrepreneurs to the relevant Department of Defense (DOD) entities.
The Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) is one of the primary entities playing an integral role in DOD’s innovation acquisition strategy. It was established in 2015 with a mission of accelerating DOD’s commercial tech adoption through partnerships with leading companies in locales including Boston, Austin and Silicon Valley. DIU’s commercial partnerships extend well beyond the sphere of traditional defense contractors and are facilitated through a pair of complementary efforts: National Security Innovation Capital (NSIC) and the National Security Innovation Network (NSIN). The latter involves partnerships with incubators, universities, and accelerators in areas such as dual-use ventures and new concept development. It also encourages “customer discovery” as a key pathway toward commercializing technologies developed in DOD laboratories. By contrast, NSIC serves to direct investment toward next generation hardware technologies through Other Transaction Authority (OTA) agreements. In addition, the DIU has simplified the process of securing merit-based contracts for companies that have never before worked with the US government. Its current director Mike Brown (former Symantec CEO) has repeatedly underscored the need for the US military to rapidly acquire and utilize leading edge commercial technologies in areas such as autonomous systems, AI, sensors, space, communications and cyber security. With awards ranging from $500K - $3M, DIU facilitates an accelerated means of addressing challenges defined as critical for national security through delivery of workable commercial technologies within a 12- to 24-month timeframe.
Defense Climate Risk Analysis Reflects Profound Shift in PlanningPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is former federal government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She served in senior positions in the Pentagon, including the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Navy, and is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1), Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impact of climate change on military installations, personnel and operations. She is a CLEO-Institute Certified Climate Communicator.
Recognized by the Defense Department as a “threat multiplier,” climate change is now being formally integrated into all aspects of defense planning, strategy and budgeting. This is not a minor change. Although the National Defense Strategy has incorporated climate considerations since 2008, they were never fully considered a part of budget and force planning. The new Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) report, promulgated in October 2021, makes it clear that the challenges associated with climate change affect DOD missions, plans, equipment, capabilities, personnel, and infrastructure. Extreme weather impacts the military, with hurricanes significantly damaging North Carolina and Florida bases, and Norfolk Naval Base experiencing “sunny day" flooding. Wildfires driven by climate change are a growing concern for military installations in California, while “black flag” heat days, which prevent troops from training safely, are becoming more frequent. In an international context, climate change can also adversely impact U.S. allies, exacerbate existing global instabilities, and pose new challenges such as the retreating sea ice and permafrost thawing in the Arctic. This is ramping up U.S. geostrategic competition with Russia and China, with the latter country demonstrating a “Polar Silk Road” ambition. In the Indo-Pacific region, rising sea levels threaten Pacific Island nations, many of which house U.S. military bases and facilities, and potentially bring opportunities for China to assert dominance. The positive news is that the DOD is now working to integrate climate risk planning across all elements of the Department in ways that will have an immediate impact. And with the increased use of renewable energy assets, steps are being taken to ensure a future force that is green, climate resilient, and able to maintain target levels of readiness, training, and security cooperation with allies.
Pamela Berkowsky has over three decades of experience in defense and defense-related sectors. She focuses on how climate change impacts US military installations, personnel, and operations. Miami-Dade County Mayor Daniella Levine Cava appointed Jane Gilbert as the world's first Chief Heat Officer to expand and coordinate efforts to protect people from heat. Gilbert noted the profound effects of climate change in the Miami area, with average days over 90 degrees increasing from 27 to 88 by mid-century. The county has established a task force under Gilbert's leadership to address public awareness, outreach, and policy solutions for heat challenges.
DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security RisksPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky, founder and president of the public affairs consulting firm Blue Sapphire Strategies, is a former senior Defense Department official. Pamela Berkowsky is also Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance, a 501(c)(6) coalition of public, private and non-profit entities that seek to unite, champion and grow the military and defense/homeland security investments in South Florida (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). One of the Alliance’s key areas of effort is in the resiliency arena, developing measures to enhance infrastructure, operational and personnel readiness and resiliency at South Florida’s numerous military installations and commands.
In early 2021, President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14008 directing a “whole of government” approach to tackling the climate crisis. With regard to the Department of Defense, it directed the Secretary of Defense to assess the security implications of climate change and to incorporate climate change and its potential impact into analysis, war-gaming and simulations. As a result, in October 2021, the Department published its Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) which closely followed the release of DOD’s broader “Climate Adaptation Plan.” The DCRA assessment focuses on the national security risks presented by global warming. One particular area of climate hazard singled out in the report is the vulnerability to sea level rise of island-based US military installations and facilities across the Indo-Pacific region. It highlights the possibility that China and other adversaries could take advantage of disruptions at these bases to expand their regional influence. Another potential risk relates to how “internal and external tensions” might be aggravated in various countries due to climate-driven resource scarcity. Resulting competition for basic resources could inflame international instability and pose increased security risks. In addition to the likelihood of growing instability between and within nations, the operational demands on DOD to supply urgent disaster relief and humanitarian aid could dramatically increase.
Giving to ITEC through the Lippy Leadership SocietyPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is an experienced executive and former Pentagon official with expertise in national security and international affairs. During the course of her career, she has served in multiple high-profile positions in the federal government as both a career civil servant and a political appointee. Currently based in Florida and the US Virgin Islands, Pamela Berkowsky serves as the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy firm. In addition, she is an avid tennis fan and supports and serves as a Board Member of multiple community organizations, including USA Foundation of the Israel Tennis & Education Centers (https://itecenters.org/).
The Israel Tennis & Education Centers (ITEC) is a non-profit organization that seeks to support children from all backgrounds living in one of the world’s most high conflict areas; it is one of Israel’s largest social impact programs. ITEC engages its young members in sports, teaching vital life skills such as focus, self-reliance, and perseverance while enhancing values of tolerance, co-existence, and self-esteem. There are multiple ways to contribute to their programs including through the Lippy Leadership Society, which provides annual funding to ITEC’s 14 centers, many of which are located in low-income neighborhoods. The Lippy Leadership Society is named after Dr. William Lippy, one of ITEC’s six original founders who has been at the forefront in supporting its social, educational, and athletic programs. These programs have in turn, benefitted both Jews and non-Jews across Israel, while positively impacting the lives of thousands of Israeli youth. Membership of the Lippy Leadership Society is classified into four categories which are the Founder Society (upon providing a $1,000 annual renewable gift), Chai Society (through an annual renewable gift of $1,800), Friends for Life Society (through an annual renewable gift of $5,000), and Masada Society (through an annual renewable gift of $10,000).
Hurlburt Field in Florida to Undergo Energy Efficiency UpgradesPamela Berkowsky
A respected expert in defense and national security, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of federal and territorial government experience and has recently been certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute. As the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs and business consultancy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org). Her SFDA work focuses primarily on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel, readiness, and operations. In mid-2021, the US Defense Department (DOD) announced that it would undertake a comprehensive upgrade of energy infrastructure at Hurlburt Field, the Destin, Florida military base which hosts the headquarters of Air Force Special Operations Command (HQ AFSOC). The Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC), awarded by the Defense Logistics Agency – Energy, provides Schneider Electric Buildings Americas with a $22.6 million task order to bring Hurlburt Fields’s infrastructure up to standard, aiming to ensure that grid stability and critical power supply needs are fully met. The work is also expected to have a positive budgetary impact, with $1.5 million in annual energy savings forecast across the 22-year contract term – a projected annual 17.7% reduction in energy costs. The project is one of a new breed of long term ESPC contracts that strive to boost facility efficiency while also improving mission readiness and 24/7 energy reliability. Among the upgrades spanning more than 375 structures planned at Hurlburt Field are a canopy solar PV system that will supply 240kW of electricity, airfield LED lighting upgrades, enhanced HVAC capacity, and duct sealing. In addition, a microgrid control-outfitted battery energy system with 200kW/112kWhr storage capacity will boost operational resilience and help ensure mission-critical reliability. Construction is projected for completion in early 2023 and will significantly enhance HQ AFSOC’s stability and resiliency.
Denver Takes Citywide Step in Mandating Building Energy EfficiencyPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is a Fulbright scholar and former Pentagon and United States Virgin Islands government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. As a senior executive consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), she focuses on defense innovation and climate resiliency issues. Pamela Berkowsky and her Defense Alliance colleagues are carefully monitoring steps the federal and municipal governments are undertaking across the country to mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change. One important civic development in late 2021 worth noting is the Denver, Colorado, City Council adoption of an ordinance that aims to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The new municipal rules are the first ever to cover all multifamily and commercial buildings citywide. They mandate improvements spanning building electrification, efficiency, and the use of renewable energy. Backed by a local commercial real estate organization, the new regulations were adopted by a unanimous Council vote and are based on recommendations of the “Energize Denver” Task Force. Under the ambitious new rules, buildings exceeding 25,000 square feet must attain nearly one-third energy savings by 2030, with interim goals in 2024 and 2027 helping to measure progress along the way. Where cost-effective, gas-powered systems must also be replaced by electric cooling and heating systems. At the same time, buildings with a footprint of between 5,000 and 25,000 square feet are required to either have 100 percent LED lighting in place by 2030 or obtain 20 percent or more of their electricity through solar. By enabling these significant changes, which aim for net zero energy within two decades, Denver is providing a mix of incentives and support, coordinated through the Energize Denver Resource Hub.
Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) Brings Private Tech Innovation to ForePamela Berkowsky
As a former Pentagon official whose tenure spanned three Presidential administrations, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA), a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established to 1) grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and 2) educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts (https://pt.slideshare.net/pamelabberkowsky/doing-businesswithmilitarycompiled). In this regard, Pamela Berkowsky and her SFDA colleagues work closely with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council, the County’s economic development authority, to connect South Florida tech founders, funders, and entrepreneurs to the relevant Department of Defense (DOD) entities.
The Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) is one of the primary entities playing an integral role in DOD’s innovation acquisition strategy. It was established in 2015 with a mission of accelerating DOD’s commercial tech adoption through partnerships with leading companies in locales including Boston, Austin and Silicon Valley. DIU’s commercial partnerships extend well beyond the sphere of traditional defense contractors and are facilitated through a pair of complementary efforts: National Security Innovation Capital (NSIC) and the National Security Innovation Network (NSIN). The latter involves partnerships with incubators, universities, and accelerators in areas such as dual-use ventures and new concept development. It also encourages “customer discovery” as a key pathway toward commercializing technologies developed in DOD laboratories. By contrast, NSIC serves to direct investment toward next generation hardware technologies through Other Transaction Authority (OTA) agreements. In addition, the DIU has simplified the process of securing merit-based contracts for companies that have never before worked with the US government. Its current director Mike Brown (former Symantec CEO) has repeatedly underscored the need for the US military to rapidly acquire and utilize leading edge commercial technologies in areas such as autonomous systems, AI, sensors, space, communications and cyber security. With awards ranging from $500K - $3M, DIU facilitates an accelerated means of addressing challenges defined as critical for national security through delivery of workable commercial technologies within a 12- to 24-month timeframe.
Defense Climate Risk Analysis Reflects Profound Shift in PlanningPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is former federal government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She served in senior positions in the Pentagon, including the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Navy, and is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1), Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impact of climate change on military installations, personnel and operations. She is a CLEO-Institute Certified Climate Communicator.
Recognized by the Defense Department as a “threat multiplier,” climate change is now being formally integrated into all aspects of defense planning, strategy and budgeting. This is not a minor change. Although the National Defense Strategy has incorporated climate considerations since 2008, they were never fully considered a part of budget and force planning. The new Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) report, promulgated in October 2021, makes it clear that the challenges associated with climate change affect DOD missions, plans, equipment, capabilities, personnel, and infrastructure. Extreme weather impacts the military, with hurricanes significantly damaging North Carolina and Florida bases, and Norfolk Naval Base experiencing “sunny day" flooding. Wildfires driven by climate change are a growing concern for military installations in California, while “black flag” heat days, which prevent troops from training safely, are becoming more frequent. In an international context, climate change can also adversely impact U.S. allies, exacerbate existing global instabilities, and pose new challenges such as the retreating sea ice and permafrost thawing in the Arctic. This is ramping up U.S. geostrategic competition with Russia and China, with the latter country demonstrating a “Polar Silk Road” ambition. In the Indo-Pacific region, rising sea levels threaten Pacific Island nations, many of which house U.S. military bases and facilities, and potentially bring opportunities for China to assert dominance. The positive news is that the DOD is now working to integrate climate risk planning across all elements of the Department in ways that will have an immediate impact. And with the increased use of renewable energy assets, steps are being taken to ensure a future force that is green, climate resilient, and able to maintain target levels of readiness, training, and security cooperation with allies.
Pamela Berkowsky has over three decades of experience in defense and defense-related sectors. She focuses on how climate change impacts US military installations, personnel, and operations. Miami-Dade County Mayor Daniella Levine Cava appointed Jane Gilbert as the world's first Chief Heat Officer to expand and coordinate efforts to protect people from heat. Gilbert noted the profound effects of climate change in the Miami area, with average days over 90 degrees increasing from 27 to 88 by mid-century. The county has established a task force under Gilbert's leadership to address public awareness, outreach, and policy solutions for heat challenges.
DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security RisksPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky, founder and president of the public affairs consulting firm Blue Sapphire Strategies, is a former senior Defense Department official. Pamela Berkowsky is also Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance, a 501(c)(6) coalition of public, private and non-profit entities that seek to unite, champion and grow the military and defense/homeland security investments in South Florida (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). One of the Alliance’s key areas of effort is in the resiliency arena, developing measures to enhance infrastructure, operational and personnel readiness and resiliency at South Florida’s numerous military installations and commands.
In early 2021, President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14008 directing a “whole of government” approach to tackling the climate crisis. With regard to the Department of Defense, it directed the Secretary of Defense to assess the security implications of climate change and to incorporate climate change and its potential impact into analysis, war-gaming and simulations. As a result, in October 2021, the Department published its Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) which closely followed the release of DOD’s broader “Climate Adaptation Plan.” The DCRA assessment focuses on the national security risks presented by global warming. One particular area of climate hazard singled out in the report is the vulnerability to sea level rise of island-based US military installations and facilities across the Indo-Pacific region. It highlights the possibility that China and other adversaries could take advantage of disruptions at these bases to expand their regional influence. Another potential risk relates to how “internal and external tensions” might be aggravated in various countries due to climate-driven resource scarcity. Resulting competition for basic resources could inflame international instability and pose increased security risks. In addition to the likelihood of growing instability between and within nations, the operational demands on DOD to supply urgent disaster relief and humanitarian aid could dramatically increase.
Giving to ITEC through the Lippy Leadership SocietyPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is an experienced executive and former Pentagon official with expertise in national security and international affairs. During the course of her career, she has served in multiple high-profile positions in the federal government as both a career civil servant and a political appointee. Currently based in Florida and the US Virgin Islands, Pamela Berkowsky serves as the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy firm. In addition, she is an avid tennis fan and supports and serves as a Board Member of multiple community organizations, including USA Foundation of the Israel Tennis & Education Centers (https://itecenters.org/).
The Israel Tennis & Education Centers (ITEC) is a non-profit organization that seeks to support children from all backgrounds living in one of the world’s most high conflict areas; it is one of Israel’s largest social impact programs. ITEC engages its young members in sports, teaching vital life skills such as focus, self-reliance, and perseverance while enhancing values of tolerance, co-existence, and self-esteem. There are multiple ways to contribute to their programs including through the Lippy Leadership Society, which provides annual funding to ITEC’s 14 centers, many of which are located in low-income neighborhoods. The Lippy Leadership Society is named after Dr. William Lippy, one of ITEC’s six original founders who has been at the forefront in supporting its social, educational, and athletic programs. These programs have in turn, benefitted both Jews and non-Jews across Israel, while positively impacting the lives of thousands of Israeli youth. Membership of the Lippy Leadership Society is classified into four categories which are the Founder Society (upon providing a $1,000 annual renewable gift), Chai Society (through an annual renewable gift of $1,800), Friends for Life Society (through an annual renewable gift of $5,000), and Masada Society (through an annual renewable gift of $10,000).
How The Compact Addresses Climate Change in Southeast FloridaPamela Berkowsky
President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, Pamela Berkowsky is a national security expert and CLEO-certified Climate Communicator who has worked at the highest levels of federal and state/local governments. Pamela Berkowsky also serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1), where she focuses on defense innovation and military climate resiliency issues, including relations with the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. Commonly known as the Compact, the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact is a collaboration among the counties of Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, Monroe and Broward to lower greenhouse emissions across the region. The Compact also seeks to develop common climate resilience policies and to establish community adaptation strategies. Established in 2009 by local government officials across Southeast Florida, the Compact addresses the effects of climate change on the area’s population. For over a decade, the counties involved in the Compact initiative have networked with stakeholders at the municipal, state, and federal governments to develop and implement various climate initiatives. Other collaborations include working with development groups, community-based organizations, academia, and economic entities. The Compact achieves its objectives by sharing regional knowledge and tools – most notably its Unified Sea Level Rise Projections -- and developing standards that ensure efficiency, coordination, and transparency when different parties put their plans into action. To keep their partners abreast of conditions, the Compact regularly updates six key climate indicators: temperature, sea level rise, sea surface temperature, high tide flooding, saltwater intrusion, and precipitation. These indicators are meant to serve as a central database for the most recent, relevant, and accurate scientific information about climate change across the region, thereby helping regional organizations to keep their planning consistent, and supporting initiatives to educate officials, the public and media about the impacts of climate change. A team of technical experts drawn from relevant government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the academic community compiles the information.
How the DOD can Invest in Military Climate ResiliencyPamela Berkowsky
A respected expert in national security and defense affairs, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of government experience and has been certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute. As the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs consultancy she founded, Pamela Berkowsky is also a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org) for which she focuses on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel, readiness, and operations.
Climate change and extreme weather events such as flooding, storms, and drought have adversely affected U.S. military facilities. For example, Hurricane Florence – which hit North Carolina in 2018 -- dumped 36 inches of rain and flooded three Marine Corps installations, causing $3.6 billion in damage. That same year, Hurricane Michael destroyed Tyndall Air Force base in Florida, causing damage valued at least at $4.7 billion. Given the burgeoning costs, and cascading impacts on readiness and operations, climate resiliency is a major concern for the Department of Defense (DOD), which defines resilience as the ability to prepare, anticipate, and adapt to changing conditions in order to respond to, withstand, and quickly recover from disruptions. According to a July 2021 speech by Joe Bryan, the Pentagon’s senior climate advisor, climate change is affecting the military’s resources and readiness and numerous investments must be made to mitigate the deleterious impacts. Despite the U.S. having advanced climate modeling technology, there remain opportunities for improvement in preparedness, including in climate data and analysis. This includes boosting computing power and using higher resolution technologies to monitor the small-scale effects that are key to observing regional climate patterns, especially in coastal areas. The DOD should also model various climate disaster scenarios at key military installations. Analysis should take into consideration impact on infrastructure, assets, and surrounding communities, as well as warning time and response time. Investing in smart technologies will help the DOD effectively integrate both current as well as projected climate impact scenarios into their planning cycles, in order to make necessary infrastructure modifications.
A senior executive defense consultant with the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA) www.southfloridadefensealliance.org, Pamela Berkowsky has worked in defense and defense-related sectors for more than three decades. Certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute, Pamela Berkowsky focuses on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel and operations. Climate change is causing stress on the planet and climate scientists continue to warn that it remains the greatest threat to human health in recorded history. Heat is one of the most dangerous, deadly, and under-discussed dangers of climate change. Heat and drought pose a significant threat to the American economy, global food and water supplies, and the emergency response system in general. In recognition of the need to raise public awareness of the increasing severity of and risks from excessive heat events, naming and ranking heat has emerged as one of many public policy responses to the climate crisis, while Florida’s Miami-Dade County has named the first-ever Chief Heat Officer to focus on this “silent killer”. Heatwaves are growing increasingly deadly, and according to a study published earlier this year in Nature, heat is not an equal opportunity climate threat. In fact, around the world people living below the poverty level are 50% more exposed to the “urban heat island effect” in which pavement and concrete absorb more heat than trees and grass, thereby driving up temperature levels. The Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance (an international coalition built by the nonpartisan Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center at the Atlantic Council) has made addressing these racial and urban “zip code” inequities a priority. The Alliance is also seeking to improve public health data collection and to create public insurance mechanisms to assist cities in accessing funding and resources for heat wave mitigation and response measures.
An alumnus of Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant with the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA) www.southfloridadefensealliance.org. Married to Adam Shapiro, a double board-certified physician with whom she founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, Pamela Berkowsky focuses on the defense innovation ecosystem and the national security implications of climate change. Among her particular interests are climate impacts on infectious diseases, including Ebola, and the resulting consequences for bio-warfare defense; one of the most important medical countermeasures is vaccination. The first human vaccination against the Ebola virus was approved just two years ago. Ervebo, a vaccine produced by the pharmaceutical corporation Merck & Co., Inc., was authorized by the European Union in 2019, followed by approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration later that year. During the ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019, the World Health Organization had begun to use Ervebo as an investigational vaccine under a special program to mitigate the outbreak. Only around three percent of the roughly 100,000 persons who had been vaccinated up to that point developed Ebola. The EU and FDA approvals were based on these findings, as well as data from earlier trials including the ring vaccination study conducted during the catastrophic multi-year outbreak in Guinea that resulted thousands of fatalities. Most recently, the vaccine was credited with ending the 2021 Ebola outbreak in Guinea, only months after the first cluster was identified.
DoD Interested in Commercial Propulsion Technology for Space MissionsPamela Berkowsky
The president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs consulting firm, Pamela Berkowsky holds a master’s degree in national security studies from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a bachelor’s degree in public and international affairs from Princeton University. Pamela Berkowsky, who with her husband, Adam Shapiro, founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, also serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), where she focuses on the national security implications of climate change, defense innovation, and opportunities to expand Department of Defense (DOD) investments in South Florida, including the aviation and aerospace sectors. In September of this year, DOD’s Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) requested proposals from private-sector companies for “lightweight, portable, long-duration” nuclear power and propulsion technologies that may be utilized to power future DoD missions in space. Existing electrical and solar-based propulsion technologies, according to the DoD, cannot support trips beyond Earth’s orbit nor are they compatible with the reduced size and weight requirements of next-generation spacecraft. As a result, a sophisticated propulsion system that can provide significant variations in velocity and power to payloads while being fuel-efficient is essential. Due to the low-temperature nature of space, the DoD additionally asked that proposed systems be able to deliver heat to spacecraft systems and that the quantity of radiation emitted be kept to a minimum. While NASA is already working to develop fission-based propulsion and power systems, DIU’s solicitation is focused on identifying commercial technology that can be used in the nearer term. Using Other Transaction Authority, DIU expects to award contracts by the end of the year.
South Florida Defense Alliance Promotes Regional Defense Sector GrowthPamela Berkowsky
A graduate of Princeton University and a Fulbright scholar, Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and Virgin Islands government official. Currently, Pamela Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies – the public affairs consulting firm she founded -- and a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA).
Founded in 2017, the SFDA was established to unite, champion and grow the defense community in the four-county region of South Florida (Monroe, Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties). The area’s rich military presence includes more than 50,000 active duty, guard & reserve service members and their families, more than 230,000 veterans -- and encompasses several key military commands and installations including Homestead Air Reserve Base, Naval Air Station Key West, Coast Guard District 7, and MARFORSOUTH, some of the country’s most significant Department of Defense and homeland security assets.
SFDA is a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established by an initial grant from the Governor’s Florida Defense Support Task Force. It has partnered with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council to grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts. The SFDA is currently embarking on a significant effort to assess and enhance the climate resiliency of South Florida’s military installations and personnel.
To learn more about how the SFDA advocates for military presence, capability, and growth in South Florida, visit www.southfloridadefensealliance.org.
Secretary of Defense Austin Establishes DOD Climate Working GroupPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She currently works as a consultant on issues related to defense innovation, resiliency, and the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on military installations. In March 2021, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin established a Department of Defense Climate Working Group in response to an executive order from President Biden. The working group, comprised of senior civilian and military officials, is tasked with coordinating DOD responses to climate directives and tracking implementation progress.
United States Donates Medical Equipment to India for COVID-19Pamela Berkowsky
A national security and international relations professional, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of consequence management experience at a senior government level. She has also gained unique insights into healthcare sector response initiatives through her husband, Adam Shapiro, an otolaryngolgist. Pamela Berkowsky leverages this knowledge and experience to provide consultancy services to nonprofit, public, and private clients as president of Blue Sapphire Strategies and to support DOD investments in the commercial and academic sectors as senior executive defense consultant for the South Florida Defense Alliance. The largest government department in the United States, the DOD trains and equips military forces to ensure U.S. national security and deter wars. The department also provides humanitarian assistance and international support to other countries, notably in the wake of natural disasters. Under the leadership of Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, the Department of Defense is providing significant assistance to India as it confronts the latest destabilizing and deadly chapter of the COVID-19 crisis. As part of its whole-of-government effort, the US has sent medical supplies and equipment to the country for aid in the battle against the pandemic. Donated to India through the US Agency for International Development, the support has included rapid diagnostic kits, oxygen cylinders and regulators, ventilators, N95 masks, therapeutics, and importantly, vaccine manufacturing supplies and public health assistance. This builds on seven decades of the US-India Health Partnership, which has served to reduce HIV infections, combat tuberculosis, help pregnant women and improve healthcare across India and in its most vulnerable communities.
European Union and United States Approve Merck’s Ebola VaccinePamela Berkowsky
A former Pentagon official, Pamela (Pam) Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy. As an active champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, and as the wife of otolaryngologist Dr. Adam Shapiro, she maintains a deep concern about potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and a keen interest in the development of vaccines to treat them.
In 2019, both the European Union and the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) announced approval of the world’s first vaccine for the viral disease Ebola. Developed by Merck, the vaccine Ervebo received conditional marketing authorization from the European Medicines Agency, allowing it to be approved on an accelerated schedule and with less required clinical data than a typical new drug. Given the public health imperative, the FDA also completed its evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of this vaccine on an expedited timetable.
Ervebo underwent trials during ebola outbreaks in Guinea, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and in additional studies in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Antibody responses to Ervebo were also tested on individuals in Canada, Spain and the United States. Administered as a single-dose injection, the vaccine is approved for people over the age of 18 to protect against Ebola Zaire, the virus’ most common subtype.
Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance Recommends the Naming of Heat WavesPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She has watched with interest the recent establishment of the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance, an international coalition that aims to raise public awareness of increasing heat risks. The top priority of the new alliance is to name and rank heat waves in order to draw public attention to extreme heat events in the same way hurricanes and winter storms are named. Naming heat waves would allow leaders to better protect citizens and prepare their communities. The alliance also seeks to improve heat-related data collection and create public insurance mechanisms to help cities fund heat mitigation and response measures.
An alumnus of both Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky is proud of her decades of public service. During her Clinton Administration Pentagon tenure, Pamela Berkowsky served as the Department of Defense liaison to the National Security Council and federal, state and local agencies on domestic terrorism preparedness and homeland defense issues. As a champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, she studied potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and sought to strengthen DOD's ability to respond to such threats at home.
Numerous national security assessments, including a recent RAND Corporation study, conclude that the global coronavirus pandemic is the greatest threat to the nation in a century. Compared to World War II, which had an average of 9,000 American deaths per month, COVID-19 has claimed an average of 30,000 lives per month, with numbers expected to rise. It is not surprising, therefore, that Department of Defense assets have played a larger role in responding to the pandemic than any other domestic event in history. What began earlier this year with limited involvement in assisting stranded cruise ship passengers has since grown into a response engaging every branch of the military, including active, reserve and Guard forces; many new assets have received their debut in the midst of the pandemic. Troops and DOD civilian personnel have been engaged in numerous missions ranging from manning field hospitals and urban augmentation medical facilities, deploying hospital ships and rural response teams, distributing PPE, serving meals, conducting virus screening tests, and vaccine development and distribution. Throughout the pandemic, ensuring the safety and protection of its own military and civilian personnel and their families has also been a primary DOD objective.
Extreme Heat Can Impact Military Operations, Training, and ReadinessPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on U.S. military installations, personnel and operations.
The American Security Project, a nonpartisan organization focused on the national security challenges of the 21st century, has identified climate change -- an “accelerant of instability” -- as one of the most critical threats to security both at home and abroad. Its president, retired Marine Corps brigadier general Stephen Cheney, recently addressed the impact of extreme heat on military operations, installations and readiness. In a desert region such as Arizona, record breaking high temperatures and heat intensity can affect training tempo, limit available flying hours, and strain demands on installation power generation. This past summer, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base alone experienced 16 days with a temperature in excess of 90 degrees. On such days, strenuous exercise and physical training activities are suspended and flight operations constrained, making it more likely they will be shifted to nighttime. Furthermore, drought conditions and desertification overseas can result in food insecurity and climate migration, forcing the Department of Defense to intensify its focus on the possibility of increased climate-driven conflict abroad.
The document provides an overview of an event focused on doing business with the military. It begins with introductions, goals for the event, and an overview of Miami-Dade County's aviation industry and defense industry cluster study. It then discusses current and future DoD budget areas like aviation, science and technology, and MRO/training/drone operations. A panel discussion on these topics is outlined, including remarks from military logistics and acquisition leaders on requirements in aviation maintenance, repair, and logistics. The event aims to help local businesses understand defense opportunities and how to do business with the military.
DOD and Its Role in the National Response FrameworkPamela Berkowsky
A former DOD official and founding member of the International Network of Women in Emergency Management, Pamela Berkowsky is the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies and serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA). While in the Pentagon, Pamela Berkowsky served as a liaison between the Department of Defense and federal, state and local authorities on domestic terrorism preparedness and consequence management. The National Response Framework (NRF), issued by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, provides a comprehensive approach to domestic incident management and response to all types of disasters and emergencies. It is built on “scalable, flexible and adaptable concepts” outlined in the National Incident Management System. The NRF prescribes key roles and responsibilities for prevention, preparation, response and recovery assigned to public, private and non-governmental entities across the Nation, and describes mechanisms for cross-sector coordination and integration. It highlights specific authorities and best practices for handling emergencies ranging from predominantly local incidents to large-scale catastrophic terrorist attacks. The NRF contains 15 emergency support functions (ESFs), and each ESF has a federal agency or department assigned as the lead coordinator. While DOD is the lead for ESF #3 (Public Works and Engineering) through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, a Defense Coordinating Officer would be responsible for DOD support of all fifteen ESFs . The most recent NRF was issued in October, 2019.
The Role of DOD in Disaster Relief & Humanitarian AssistancePamela Berkowsky
As Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Civil Support, Pamela Berkowsky was the Department of Defense Liaison to the National Security Council and federal, state and local agencies on domestic terrorism preparedness and consequence management; she has testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee on these matters. While much has changed in the years since 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, including the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense continues to play an important role in disaster response and humanitarian assistance, carrying out these core missions in support of other U.S. government agencies – whether at home (FEMA) or abroad (Department of State). DOD is equipped with the manpower, equipment, capability and legal authority required to deploy relief resources around the world in the event of a natural or man-made disaster. In the event of a domestic or international contingency, Active Duty, National Guard and/or Reserve units can provide medical assistance, logistics and transportation support, engineering, aid distribution, search and rescue and security, among categories of assistance. While DOD’s forward-deployed assets facilitate the delivery of disaster relief and humanitarian assistance overseas, recent catastrophic floods, fires and hurricanes have underscored the importance of equipment pre-prepositioning for effective response efforts at home.
Reorganization of the Defense Department and Joint Chiefs of Staff Pamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky served over a decade at the Pentagon on the staffs of the Secretary of Defense and Undersecretary of the Navy. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, which advises the president and secretary of defense, includes the chiefs of the Army, Air Force, Naval Operations, and Marine Corps. In 2012, the National Guard Bureau chief also joined as a member, and General Craig McKinley became the first such commander to achieve four-star rank.
The Purpose of the Joint Task Force Civil Support Pamela Berkowsky
Executive management professional Pamela Berkowsky has years of experience in senior positions with state and federal government. Most recently, Pam Berkowsky served as the chief of staff to the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands, a position in which she oversaw management of the territory's emergency preparedness and response institutions. During her previous tenure at the Pentagon, Pamela Berkowsky held the distinction of providing the first civilian oversight of the Joint Task Force Civil Support, or JTF-CS.
Fulbright Scholars Go on to Win Nobel Prizes and Attain High Office Pamela Berkowsky
A senior staff member for numerous government officials including the secretary of defense, the undersecretary of the Navy, and the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Pamela Berkowsky has broad experience in national security and public administration. Before going into public service, Pamela Berkowsky was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship for graduate study at the Institut universitaire de hautes etudes internationales in Geneva, Switzerland.
The Junior Philanthropists of the Virgin Islands are a student-run organization, established three years ago, to promote youth educational programs. Members range in age from 9-16 and pay their age in membership dues. Their biggest annual fundraiser is the Youth4Youth Tennis Tournament.
Pamela Berkowsky formerly served as Assistant Chief of Staff and Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Civil Support in Washington, D.C., where she spoke publicly on domestic terrorism preparedness. Although the 1993 World Trade Center bombings opened Americans' eyes to the possibility of terrorist attacks on U.S. soil, the full magnitude was not realized until 168 people died in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. According to Berkowsky, informing the public about threats requires balance to avoid mass panic, as the Executive Branch is responsible for notifying Americans, and domestic terrorism preparedness has significantly improved since the 1990s events.
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How The Compact Addresses Climate Change in Southeast FloridaPamela Berkowsky
President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, Pamela Berkowsky is a national security expert and CLEO-certified Climate Communicator who has worked at the highest levels of federal and state/local governments. Pamela Berkowsky also serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1), where she focuses on defense innovation and military climate resiliency issues, including relations with the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. Commonly known as the Compact, the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact is a collaboration among the counties of Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, Monroe and Broward to lower greenhouse emissions across the region. The Compact also seeks to develop common climate resilience policies and to establish community adaptation strategies. Established in 2009 by local government officials across Southeast Florida, the Compact addresses the effects of climate change on the area’s population. For over a decade, the counties involved in the Compact initiative have networked with stakeholders at the municipal, state, and federal governments to develop and implement various climate initiatives. Other collaborations include working with development groups, community-based organizations, academia, and economic entities. The Compact achieves its objectives by sharing regional knowledge and tools – most notably its Unified Sea Level Rise Projections -- and developing standards that ensure efficiency, coordination, and transparency when different parties put their plans into action. To keep their partners abreast of conditions, the Compact regularly updates six key climate indicators: temperature, sea level rise, sea surface temperature, high tide flooding, saltwater intrusion, and precipitation. These indicators are meant to serve as a central database for the most recent, relevant, and accurate scientific information about climate change across the region, thereby helping regional organizations to keep their planning consistent, and supporting initiatives to educate officials, the public and media about the impacts of climate change. A team of technical experts drawn from relevant government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the academic community compiles the information.
How the DOD can Invest in Military Climate ResiliencyPamela Berkowsky
A respected expert in national security and defense affairs, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of government experience and has been certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute. As the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs consultancy she founded, Pamela Berkowsky is also a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org) for which she focuses on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel, readiness, and operations.
Climate change and extreme weather events such as flooding, storms, and drought have adversely affected U.S. military facilities. For example, Hurricane Florence – which hit North Carolina in 2018 -- dumped 36 inches of rain and flooded three Marine Corps installations, causing $3.6 billion in damage. That same year, Hurricane Michael destroyed Tyndall Air Force base in Florida, causing damage valued at least at $4.7 billion. Given the burgeoning costs, and cascading impacts on readiness and operations, climate resiliency is a major concern for the Department of Defense (DOD), which defines resilience as the ability to prepare, anticipate, and adapt to changing conditions in order to respond to, withstand, and quickly recover from disruptions. According to a July 2021 speech by Joe Bryan, the Pentagon’s senior climate advisor, climate change is affecting the military’s resources and readiness and numerous investments must be made to mitigate the deleterious impacts. Despite the U.S. having advanced climate modeling technology, there remain opportunities for improvement in preparedness, including in climate data and analysis. This includes boosting computing power and using higher resolution technologies to monitor the small-scale effects that are key to observing regional climate patterns, especially in coastal areas. The DOD should also model various climate disaster scenarios at key military installations. Analysis should take into consideration impact on infrastructure, assets, and surrounding communities, as well as warning time and response time. Investing in smart technologies will help the DOD effectively integrate both current as well as projected climate impact scenarios into their planning cycles, in order to make necessary infrastructure modifications.
A senior executive defense consultant with the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA) www.southfloridadefensealliance.org, Pamela Berkowsky has worked in defense and defense-related sectors for more than three decades. Certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute, Pamela Berkowsky focuses on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel and operations. Climate change is causing stress on the planet and climate scientists continue to warn that it remains the greatest threat to human health in recorded history. Heat is one of the most dangerous, deadly, and under-discussed dangers of climate change. Heat and drought pose a significant threat to the American economy, global food and water supplies, and the emergency response system in general. In recognition of the need to raise public awareness of the increasing severity of and risks from excessive heat events, naming and ranking heat has emerged as one of many public policy responses to the climate crisis, while Florida’s Miami-Dade County has named the first-ever Chief Heat Officer to focus on this “silent killer”. Heatwaves are growing increasingly deadly, and according to a study published earlier this year in Nature, heat is not an equal opportunity climate threat. In fact, around the world people living below the poverty level are 50% more exposed to the “urban heat island effect” in which pavement and concrete absorb more heat than trees and grass, thereby driving up temperature levels. The Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance (an international coalition built by the nonpartisan Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center at the Atlantic Council) has made addressing these racial and urban “zip code” inequities a priority. The Alliance is also seeking to improve public health data collection and to create public insurance mechanisms to assist cities in accessing funding and resources for heat wave mitigation and response measures.
An alumnus of Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant with the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA) www.southfloridadefensealliance.org. Married to Adam Shapiro, a double board-certified physician with whom she founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, Pamela Berkowsky focuses on the defense innovation ecosystem and the national security implications of climate change. Among her particular interests are climate impacts on infectious diseases, including Ebola, and the resulting consequences for bio-warfare defense; one of the most important medical countermeasures is vaccination. The first human vaccination against the Ebola virus was approved just two years ago. Ervebo, a vaccine produced by the pharmaceutical corporation Merck & Co., Inc., was authorized by the European Union in 2019, followed by approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration later that year. During the ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019, the World Health Organization had begun to use Ervebo as an investigational vaccine under a special program to mitigate the outbreak. Only around three percent of the roughly 100,000 persons who had been vaccinated up to that point developed Ebola. The EU and FDA approvals were based on these findings, as well as data from earlier trials including the ring vaccination study conducted during the catastrophic multi-year outbreak in Guinea that resulted thousands of fatalities. Most recently, the vaccine was credited with ending the 2021 Ebola outbreak in Guinea, only months after the first cluster was identified.
DoD Interested in Commercial Propulsion Technology for Space MissionsPamela Berkowsky
The president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs consulting firm, Pamela Berkowsky holds a master’s degree in national security studies from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a bachelor’s degree in public and international affairs from Princeton University. Pamela Berkowsky, who with her husband, Adam Shapiro, founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, also serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), where she focuses on the national security implications of climate change, defense innovation, and opportunities to expand Department of Defense (DOD) investments in South Florida, including the aviation and aerospace sectors. In September of this year, DOD’s Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) requested proposals from private-sector companies for “lightweight, portable, long-duration” nuclear power and propulsion technologies that may be utilized to power future DoD missions in space. Existing electrical and solar-based propulsion technologies, according to the DoD, cannot support trips beyond Earth’s orbit nor are they compatible with the reduced size and weight requirements of next-generation spacecraft. As a result, a sophisticated propulsion system that can provide significant variations in velocity and power to payloads while being fuel-efficient is essential. Due to the low-temperature nature of space, the DoD additionally asked that proposed systems be able to deliver heat to spacecraft systems and that the quantity of radiation emitted be kept to a minimum. While NASA is already working to develop fission-based propulsion and power systems, DIU’s solicitation is focused on identifying commercial technology that can be used in the nearer term. Using Other Transaction Authority, DIU expects to award contracts by the end of the year.
South Florida Defense Alliance Promotes Regional Defense Sector GrowthPamela Berkowsky
A graduate of Princeton University and a Fulbright scholar, Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and Virgin Islands government official. Currently, Pamela Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies – the public affairs consulting firm she founded -- and a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA).
Founded in 2017, the SFDA was established to unite, champion and grow the defense community in the four-county region of South Florida (Monroe, Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties). The area’s rich military presence includes more than 50,000 active duty, guard & reserve service members and their families, more than 230,000 veterans -- and encompasses several key military commands and installations including Homestead Air Reserve Base, Naval Air Station Key West, Coast Guard District 7, and MARFORSOUTH, some of the country’s most significant Department of Defense and homeland security assets.
SFDA is a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established by an initial grant from the Governor’s Florida Defense Support Task Force. It has partnered with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council to grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts. The SFDA is currently embarking on a significant effort to assess and enhance the climate resiliency of South Florida’s military installations and personnel.
To learn more about how the SFDA advocates for military presence, capability, and growth in South Florida, visit www.southfloridadefensealliance.org.
Secretary of Defense Austin Establishes DOD Climate Working GroupPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She currently works as a consultant on issues related to defense innovation, resiliency, and the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on military installations. In March 2021, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin established a Department of Defense Climate Working Group in response to an executive order from President Biden. The working group, comprised of senior civilian and military officials, is tasked with coordinating DOD responses to climate directives and tracking implementation progress.
United States Donates Medical Equipment to India for COVID-19Pamela Berkowsky
A national security and international relations professional, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of consequence management experience at a senior government level. She has also gained unique insights into healthcare sector response initiatives through her husband, Adam Shapiro, an otolaryngolgist. Pamela Berkowsky leverages this knowledge and experience to provide consultancy services to nonprofit, public, and private clients as president of Blue Sapphire Strategies and to support DOD investments in the commercial and academic sectors as senior executive defense consultant for the South Florida Defense Alliance. The largest government department in the United States, the DOD trains and equips military forces to ensure U.S. national security and deter wars. The department also provides humanitarian assistance and international support to other countries, notably in the wake of natural disasters. Under the leadership of Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, the Department of Defense is providing significant assistance to India as it confronts the latest destabilizing and deadly chapter of the COVID-19 crisis. As part of its whole-of-government effort, the US has sent medical supplies and equipment to the country for aid in the battle against the pandemic. Donated to India through the US Agency for International Development, the support has included rapid diagnostic kits, oxygen cylinders and regulators, ventilators, N95 masks, therapeutics, and importantly, vaccine manufacturing supplies and public health assistance. This builds on seven decades of the US-India Health Partnership, which has served to reduce HIV infections, combat tuberculosis, help pregnant women and improve healthcare across India and in its most vulnerable communities.
European Union and United States Approve Merck’s Ebola VaccinePamela Berkowsky
A former Pentagon official, Pamela (Pam) Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy. As an active champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, and as the wife of otolaryngologist Dr. Adam Shapiro, she maintains a deep concern about potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and a keen interest in the development of vaccines to treat them.
In 2019, both the European Union and the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) announced approval of the world’s first vaccine for the viral disease Ebola. Developed by Merck, the vaccine Ervebo received conditional marketing authorization from the European Medicines Agency, allowing it to be approved on an accelerated schedule and with less required clinical data than a typical new drug. Given the public health imperative, the FDA also completed its evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of this vaccine on an expedited timetable.
Ervebo underwent trials during ebola outbreaks in Guinea, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and in additional studies in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Antibody responses to Ervebo were also tested on individuals in Canada, Spain and the United States. Administered as a single-dose injection, the vaccine is approved for people over the age of 18 to protect against Ebola Zaire, the virus’ most common subtype.
Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance Recommends the Naming of Heat WavesPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She has watched with interest the recent establishment of the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance, an international coalition that aims to raise public awareness of increasing heat risks. The top priority of the new alliance is to name and rank heat waves in order to draw public attention to extreme heat events in the same way hurricanes and winter storms are named. Naming heat waves would allow leaders to better protect citizens and prepare their communities. The alliance also seeks to improve heat-related data collection and create public insurance mechanisms to help cities fund heat mitigation and response measures.
An alumnus of both Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky is proud of her decades of public service. During her Clinton Administration Pentagon tenure, Pamela Berkowsky served as the Department of Defense liaison to the National Security Council and federal, state and local agencies on domestic terrorism preparedness and homeland defense issues. As a champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, she studied potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and sought to strengthen DOD's ability to respond to such threats at home.
Numerous national security assessments, including a recent RAND Corporation study, conclude that the global coronavirus pandemic is the greatest threat to the nation in a century. Compared to World War II, which had an average of 9,000 American deaths per month, COVID-19 has claimed an average of 30,000 lives per month, with numbers expected to rise. It is not surprising, therefore, that Department of Defense assets have played a larger role in responding to the pandemic than any other domestic event in history. What began earlier this year with limited involvement in assisting stranded cruise ship passengers has since grown into a response engaging every branch of the military, including active, reserve and Guard forces; many new assets have received their debut in the midst of the pandemic. Troops and DOD civilian personnel have been engaged in numerous missions ranging from manning field hospitals and urban augmentation medical facilities, deploying hospital ships and rural response teams, distributing PPE, serving meals, conducting virus screening tests, and vaccine development and distribution. Throughout the pandemic, ensuring the safety and protection of its own military and civilian personnel and their families has also been a primary DOD objective.
Extreme Heat Can Impact Military Operations, Training, and ReadinessPamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on U.S. military installations, personnel and operations.
The American Security Project, a nonpartisan organization focused on the national security challenges of the 21st century, has identified climate change -- an “accelerant of instability” -- as one of the most critical threats to security both at home and abroad. Its president, retired Marine Corps brigadier general Stephen Cheney, recently addressed the impact of extreme heat on military operations, installations and readiness. In a desert region such as Arizona, record breaking high temperatures and heat intensity can affect training tempo, limit available flying hours, and strain demands on installation power generation. This past summer, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base alone experienced 16 days with a temperature in excess of 90 degrees. On such days, strenuous exercise and physical training activities are suspended and flight operations constrained, making it more likely they will be shifted to nighttime. Furthermore, drought conditions and desertification overseas can result in food insecurity and climate migration, forcing the Department of Defense to intensify its focus on the possibility of increased climate-driven conflict abroad.
The document provides an overview of an event focused on doing business with the military. It begins with introductions, goals for the event, and an overview of Miami-Dade County's aviation industry and defense industry cluster study. It then discusses current and future DoD budget areas like aviation, science and technology, and MRO/training/drone operations. A panel discussion on these topics is outlined, including remarks from military logistics and acquisition leaders on requirements in aviation maintenance, repair, and logistics. The event aims to help local businesses understand defense opportunities and how to do business with the military.
DOD and Its Role in the National Response FrameworkPamela Berkowsky
A former DOD official and founding member of the International Network of Women in Emergency Management, Pamela Berkowsky is the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies and serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA). While in the Pentagon, Pamela Berkowsky served as a liaison between the Department of Defense and federal, state and local authorities on domestic terrorism preparedness and consequence management. The National Response Framework (NRF), issued by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, provides a comprehensive approach to domestic incident management and response to all types of disasters and emergencies. It is built on “scalable, flexible and adaptable concepts” outlined in the National Incident Management System. The NRF prescribes key roles and responsibilities for prevention, preparation, response and recovery assigned to public, private and non-governmental entities across the Nation, and describes mechanisms for cross-sector coordination and integration. It highlights specific authorities and best practices for handling emergencies ranging from predominantly local incidents to large-scale catastrophic terrorist attacks. The NRF contains 15 emergency support functions (ESFs), and each ESF has a federal agency or department assigned as the lead coordinator. While DOD is the lead for ESF #3 (Public Works and Engineering) through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, a Defense Coordinating Officer would be responsible for DOD support of all fifteen ESFs . The most recent NRF was issued in October, 2019.
The Role of DOD in Disaster Relief & Humanitarian AssistancePamela Berkowsky
As Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Civil Support, Pamela Berkowsky was the Department of Defense Liaison to the National Security Council and federal, state and local agencies on domestic terrorism preparedness and consequence management; she has testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee on these matters. While much has changed in the years since 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, including the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense continues to play an important role in disaster response and humanitarian assistance, carrying out these core missions in support of other U.S. government agencies – whether at home (FEMA) or abroad (Department of State). DOD is equipped with the manpower, equipment, capability and legal authority required to deploy relief resources around the world in the event of a natural or man-made disaster. In the event of a domestic or international contingency, Active Duty, National Guard and/or Reserve units can provide medical assistance, logistics and transportation support, engineering, aid distribution, search and rescue and security, among categories of assistance. While DOD’s forward-deployed assets facilitate the delivery of disaster relief and humanitarian assistance overseas, recent catastrophic floods, fires and hurricanes have underscored the importance of equipment pre-prepositioning for effective response efforts at home.
Reorganization of the Defense Department and Joint Chiefs of Staff Pamela Berkowsky
Pamela Berkowsky served over a decade at the Pentagon on the staffs of the Secretary of Defense and Undersecretary of the Navy. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, which advises the president and secretary of defense, includes the chiefs of the Army, Air Force, Naval Operations, and Marine Corps. In 2012, the National Guard Bureau chief also joined as a member, and General Craig McKinley became the first such commander to achieve four-star rank.
The Purpose of the Joint Task Force Civil Support Pamela Berkowsky
Executive management professional Pamela Berkowsky has years of experience in senior positions with state and federal government. Most recently, Pam Berkowsky served as the chief of staff to the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands, a position in which she oversaw management of the territory's emergency preparedness and response institutions. During her previous tenure at the Pentagon, Pamela Berkowsky held the distinction of providing the first civilian oversight of the Joint Task Force Civil Support, or JTF-CS.
Fulbright Scholars Go on to Win Nobel Prizes and Attain High Office Pamela Berkowsky
A senior staff member for numerous government officials including the secretary of defense, the undersecretary of the Navy, and the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Pamela Berkowsky has broad experience in national security and public administration. Before going into public service, Pamela Berkowsky was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship for graduate study at the Institut universitaire de hautes etudes internationales in Geneva, Switzerland.
The Junior Philanthropists of the Virgin Islands are a student-run organization, established three years ago, to promote youth educational programs. Members range in age from 9-16 and pay their age in membership dues. Their biggest annual fundraiser is the Youth4Youth Tennis Tournament.
Pamela Berkowsky formerly served as Assistant Chief of Staff and Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Civil Support in Washington, D.C., where she spoke publicly on domestic terrorism preparedness. Although the 1993 World Trade Center bombings opened Americans' eyes to the possibility of terrorist attacks on U.S. soil, the full magnitude was not realized until 168 people died in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. According to Berkowsky, informing the public about threats requires balance to avoid mass panic, as the Executive Branch is responsible for notifying Americans, and domestic terrorism preparedness has significantly improved since the 1990s events.
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Hordes Germany will look to triumph on home soil at Euro Cup 2024 this seasonal. The three-time Euro Cup Germany champions have disappointed at recent major tournaments, exiting the last two World Cups in the group epochs and only reaching last-16 of Euro 2020, where they lost to England at Wembley three years before.
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But Julian Nagelsmann will be out to recuperate the spirits of the home nation and recent victories over France and the Netherlands in friendly contests was a sign that Germany will be among the competitors for the title this summer.
Scotland, Switzerland and Hungary delay in Group A, with Germany kicking off the UEFA Euro 2024 against the Scots in Munich on June 13. Nagelsmann’s crew has been bolstered by Bayer Leverkusen’s remarkable unbeaten Bundesliga accomplishment, with star Florian Wirtz named player of the year in the German top-flight.
The 21-year-old star adds to a quantity of national team stalwarts who remain from Germany’s World Cup triumph in 2014, with Thomas Muller and Manuel Neuer amalgamated by the returning Toni Kroos, who is back from international withdrawal.
Euro Cup 2024: Julian Nagelsmann Announces Euro Cup Germany's 27-Player Preliminary Squad
Julian Nagelsmann named a 27-player introductory Euro Cup squad on 16 May. This must be cut down to at least 26 players, including three goalkeepers, by the 6 June target.
Goalkeepers: Manuel Neuer (Bayern Munich), Marc-Andre ter Stegen (Barcelona), Oliver Baumann (Hoffenheim), Alex Nubel (Stuttgart),
Defenders: Waldemar Anton (Stuttgart), David Raum (RB Leipzig), Antonio Rudiger (Real Madrid). Moreover Nico Schlotterbeck (Borussia Dortmund), Jonathan Tah (Bayer Leverkusen). Benjamin Henrichs (RB Leipzig), Joshua Kimmich (Bayern Munich), Robin Koch (Eintracht Frankfurt), Maximilian Mittelstadt (Stuttgart)
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Midfielders: Toni Kroos (Real Madrid), Jamal Musiala (Bayern Munich), Aleksandar Pavlovic. Although, Robert Andrich (Bayer Leverkusen), Chris Fuhrich (Stuttgart), Pascal Gross (Brighton and Hove Albion). Florian Wirtz (Bayer Leverkusen), Ilkay Gundogan (Barcelona), (Bayern Munich), Leroy Sane (Bayern Munich)
Forwards: Thomas Muller (Bayern Munich), Deniz Undav (Stuttgart), Maximilian Beier (Hoffenheim), Niclas Fullkrug (Borussia Dortmund), Kai Havertz (Arsenal)
Switzerland vs Germany: Murat Yakin Announces Switzerland Euro Cup 2024 Preliminary 38-Man Squad
Executive Murat Yakin selected a preliminary 38-man Euro Cup 2024 squad on May 17. Due to a number of his troupes still active on club duty. "As many experienced
Slovenia vs Serbia Predictions and Match Preview for Euro 2024.docxEuro Cup 2024 Tickets
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Indian Premier League (IPL) ---2024.pptxrathinikunj60
The Indian Premier League (IPL) is one of the most prominent and lucrative Twenty20 (T20) cricket leagues in the world. Since its inception in 2008, the IPL has revolutionized the landscape of cricket by blending sports, entertainment, and commerce. This summary provides an overview of the IPL's history, structure, notable performances, controversies, and its impact on cricket and beyond.
History and Formation
The IPL was launched by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2008, inspired by the success of domestic T20 leagues like the English T20 Cup and the now-defunct Indian Cricket League (ICL). Lalit Modi, the then Vice-President of BCCI, played a crucial role in conceptualizing and launching the league. The inaugural season kicked off in April 2008 with eight franchises representing different cities in India.
Structure and Format
The IPL follows a franchise-based model, where teams are owned by a mix of corporations, Bollywood stars, and other high-profile individuals. The league originally started with eight teams, although the number has fluctuated over the years due to various reasons including expansions and terminations. As of the latest seasons, the IPL features ten teams.
The tournament format includes a double round-robin stage, where each team plays the others twice, followed by playoffs. The top four teams from the round-robin stage qualify for the playoffs, which consist of two qualifiers, an eliminator, and the final. This format ensures a highly competitive and engaging tournament, culminating in a grand finale to crown the champion.
Teams and Their Evolution
The founding teams of the IPL were:
Chennai Super Kings (CSK)
Delhi Daredevils (now Delhi Capitals)
Kings XI Punjab (now Punjab Kings)
Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR)
Mumbai Indians (MI)
Rajasthan Royals (RR)
Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB)
Deccan Chargers (now defunct, replaced by Sunrisers Hyderabad)
Over the years, the league has seen new teams such as Pune Warriors India, Kochi Tuskers Kerala, Gujarat Lions, and Rising Pune Supergiant. The most recent additions are the Gujarat Titans and Lucknow Super Giants, introduced in the 2022 season.
Iconic Players and Performances
The IPL has attracted the best talent from around the world, with numerous iconic players making significant contributions. Some of the standout performers include:
Sachin Tendulkar (MI): The "Little Master" brought his legendary status to the IPL, winning the Orange Cap (top run-scorer) in 2010.
Chris Gayle (RCB, KXIP): Known for his explosive batting, Gayle holds the record for the highest individual score in an IPL match (175*).
MS Dhoni (CSK): Dhoni's leadership has been instrumental in CSK's success, leading them to multiple titles.
AB de Villiers (RCB): Renowned for his innovative stroke play, de Villiers has been a consistent match-winner.
Virat Kohli (RCB): The highest run-scorer in IPL history, Kohli's batting prowess is unmatched.
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This presentation is version 3 of the strategic plan for Real Bedford Football Club.
Our goals are:
1. Men's Team - To bring League Football to Bedford and ultimately get us into the Premier League.
2. Women's' Team - To bring Championship to Bedford and ultimately get us into the Women's Super League.
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Playing this fast-paced game, you control a small cube that has to get through stages that get harder by avoiding spikes, obstacles, and dangerous gaps while keeping up a fast pace. Though, it's important to remember that Geometry Dash isn't a simple game to get good at. No matter what mistake you make, you will face a tough position and have to start at the beginning.
The sounds and sights in Geometry Dash are very interesting. Your attention will be drawn to the simple style and catchy melodies. While the game looks good, it's not just visually challenging; getting through the tricky rounds requires quick thinking and reflexes.
The stages get harder over time, testing your skills and forcing you to find new ways to get past problems that other people have found impossible. Your experience with Geometry Dash will be remembered for a long time because of how satisfying it is to beat a difficult level or find a secret route. Join the many people who love Geometry Dash and are fascinated by this exciting and fun game. Get ready, because things will move quickly!
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