Fulbright Scholars Go on to Win Nobel Prizes and Attain High Office
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A senior staff member for numerous government officials including the secretary of defense, the undersecretary of the Navy, and the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Pamela Berkowsky has broad experience in national security and public administration. Before going into public service, Pamela Berkowsky was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship for graduate study at the Institut universitaire de hautes etudes internationales in Geneva, Switzerland.
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USA: Southeast region
The Southeast region of the United States was originally settled by British colonists in the 17th century along coastal areas. The economy is now diverse, including manufacturing, high technology industries concentrated in states like Alabama and Georgia, tourism centers like Florida, and the financial sector. The region is known for its evangelical Protestant religion and famous writers like William Faulkner and Harper Lee, with a climate ranging from tropical to subtropical and experiencing damaging hurricanes.
Immigration & ellis island
By the mid-19th century, native-born Americans began to view immigrants as threats who were taking jobs. This led to the formation of the anti-immigrant Know-Nothing party and the government began supporting nativists and clustering immigrants into slums. During the 1880s, increased immigration prompted the government to pass laws excluding certain immigrants from entering the country in response to public hostility towards immigrants.
Vietnamese Refugees Roshni
After the fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War, many Vietnamese civilians fled their country by boat to escape the new communist government. They were put onto overcrowded and leaky boats with little food or water for the harrowing journey. Pirates threatened the boats and would sometimes rob and assault the refugees. Most refugees resettled in neighboring countries like Thailand and Malaysia or in the United States, seeking refuge from the dangers and hardships they faced at sea.
Reorganization of the Defense Department and Joint Chiefs of Staff
Pamela Berkowsky served over a decade at the Pentagon on the staffs of the Secretary of Defense and Undersecretary of the Navy. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, which advises the president and secretary of defense, includes the chiefs of the Army, Air Force, Naval Operations, and Marine Corps. In 2012, the National Guard Bureau chief also joined as a member, and General Craig McKinley became the first such commander to achieve four-star rank.
Department of defense presentation
The Department of Defense oversees the US military and is divided into the Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, and Department of the Air Force. It was established in 1949 by consolidating the Army, Navy, and newly formed Air Force under civilian leadership. The Army consists of active duty soldiers, reserves, and National Guard. The Navy has operating forces that deploy ships and a shore establishment for support. The Air Force maintains air superiority and defense. Currently, a detachment of soldiers is preparing to deploy to Kuwait to provide financial support as the US role in Iraq draws to a close.
Leading change
This document provides an overview of leading change and the role of leadership. It discusses how people react emotionally to change and outlines a response cycle. It also explores situational leadership and how the leader must adapt their style based on follower readiness. Key points of leading change include effective communication, understanding the situation and people, and using creativity and innovation to drive improvement.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Kendra Mitchell of Florida State University has been awarded a Fulbright grant to serve as an English Teaching Assistant in South Africa for the 2015-2016 academic year. The Fulbright Program is the flagship international educational exchange sponsored by the U.S. government with the goal of increasing mutual understanding between Americans and citizens of other countries. Over 360,000 students, scholars, teachers, artists, and scientists have participated in the Fulbright Program since its establishment in 1946, including 53 Nobel Prize winners and 82 Pulitzer Prize winners.
One Pager NYU-UCL 1617 (1)
The Fulbright Program offers academic awards to promote leadership, learning, and empathy between the US and UK. This document provides details about a Fulbright award that provides $12,000 for a British citizen to complete the first semester of an Executive Master of Public Administration program at New York University Wagner School of Public Service. The award covers tuition and provides health insurance for the semester spent in New York City, after which the recipient returns to the UK to complete the program at University College London. Previous recipients have gained leadership skills to advance their careers in public service on a global scale.
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USA: Southeast region
The Southeast region of the United States was originally settled by British colonists in the 17th century along coastal areas. The economy is now diverse, including manufacturing, high technology industries concentrated in states like Alabama and Georgia, tourism centers like Florida, and the financial sector. The region is known for its evangelical Protestant religion and famous writers like William Faulkner and Harper Lee, with a climate ranging from tropical to subtropical and experiencing damaging hurricanes.
Immigration & ellis island
By the mid-19th century, native-born Americans began to view immigrants as threats who were taking jobs. This led to the formation of the anti-immigrant Know-Nothing party and the government began supporting nativists and clustering immigrants into slums. During the 1880s, increased immigration prompted the government to pass laws excluding certain immigrants from entering the country in response to public hostility towards immigrants.
Vietnamese Refugees Roshni
After the fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War, many Vietnamese civilians fled their country by boat to escape the new communist government. They were put onto overcrowded and leaky boats with little food or water for the harrowing journey. Pirates threatened the boats and would sometimes rob and assault the refugees. Most refugees resettled in neighboring countries like Thailand and Malaysia or in the United States, seeking refuge from the dangers and hardships they faced at sea.
Reorganization of the Defense Department and Joint Chiefs of Staff
Pamela Berkowsky served over a decade at the Pentagon on the staffs of the Secretary of Defense and Undersecretary of the Navy. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, which advises the president and secretary of defense, includes the chiefs of the Army, Air Force, Naval Operations, and Marine Corps. In 2012, the National Guard Bureau chief also joined as a member, and General Craig McKinley became the first such commander to achieve four-star rank.
Department of defense presentation
The Department of Defense oversees the US military and is divided into the Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, and Department of the Air Force. It was established in 1949 by consolidating the Army, Navy, and newly formed Air Force under civilian leadership. The Army consists of active duty soldiers, reserves, and National Guard. The Navy has operating forces that deploy ships and a shore establishment for support. The Air Force maintains air superiority and defense. Currently, a detachment of soldiers is preparing to deploy to Kuwait to provide financial support as the US role in Iraq draws to a close.
Leading change
This document provides an overview of leading change and the role of leadership. It discusses how people react emotionally to change and outlines a response cycle. It also explores situational leadership and how the leader must adapt their style based on follower readiness. Key points of leading change include effective communication, understanding the situation and people, and using creativity and innovation to drive improvement.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Kendra Mitchell of Florida State University has been awarded a Fulbright grant to serve as an English Teaching Assistant in South Africa for the 2015-2016 academic year. The Fulbright Program is the flagship international educational exchange sponsored by the U.S. government with the goal of increasing mutual understanding between Americans and citizens of other countries. Over 360,000 students, scholars, teachers, artists, and scientists have participated in the Fulbright Program since its establishment in 1946, including 53 Nobel Prize winners and 82 Pulitzer Prize winners.
One Pager NYU-UCL 1617 (1)
The Fulbright Program offers academic awards to promote leadership, learning, and empathy between the US and UK. This document provides details about a Fulbright award that provides $12,000 for a British citizen to complete the first semester of an Executive Master of Public Administration program at New York University Wagner School of Public Service. The award covers tuition and provides health insurance for the semester spent in New York City, after which the recipient returns to the UK to complete the program at University College London. Previous recipients have gained leadership skills to advance their careers in public service on a global scale.
Hurlburt Field in Florida to Undergo Energy Efficiency Upgrades
A respected expert in defense and national security, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of federal and territorial government experience and has recently been certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute. As the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs and business consultancy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org). Her SFDA work focuses primarily on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel, readiness, and operations. In mid-2021, the US Defense Department (DOD) announced that it would undertake a comprehensive upgrade of energy infrastructure at Hurlburt Field, the Destin, Florida military base which hosts the headquarters of Air Force Special Operations Command (HQ AFSOC). The Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC), awarded by the Defense Logistics Agency – Energy, provides Schneider Electric Buildings Americas with a $22.6 million task order to bring Hurlburt Fields’s infrastructure up to standard, aiming to ensure that grid stability and critical power supply needs are fully met. The work is also expected to have a positive budgetary impact, with $1.5 million in annual energy savings forecast across the 22-year contract term – a projected annual 17.7% reduction in energy costs. The project is one of a new breed of long term ESPC contracts that strive to boost facility efficiency while also improving mission readiness and 24/7 energy reliability. Among the upgrades spanning more than 375 structures planned at Hurlburt Field are a canopy solar PV system that will supply 240kW of electricity, airfield LED lighting upgrades, enhanced HVAC capacity, and duct sealing. In addition, a microgrid control-outfitted battery energy system with 200kW/112kWhr storage capacity will boost operational resilience and help ensure mission-critical reliability. Construction is projected for completion in early 2023 and will significantly enhance HQ AFSOC’s stability and resiliency.
Denver Takes Citywide Step in Mandating Building Energy Efficiency
Pamela Berkowsky is a Fulbright scholar and former Pentagon and United States Virgin Islands government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. As a senior executive consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), she focuses on defense innovation and climate resiliency issues. Pamela Berkowsky and her Defense Alliance colleagues are carefully monitoring steps the federal and municipal governments are undertaking across the country to mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change. One important civic development in late 2021 worth noting is the Denver, Colorado, City Council adoption of an ordinance that aims to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The new municipal rules are the first ever to cover all multifamily and commercial buildings citywide. They mandate improvements spanning building electrification, efficiency, and the use of renewable energy. Backed by a local commercial real estate organization, the new regulations were adopted by a unanimous Council vote and are based on recommendations of the “Energize Denver” Task Force. Under the ambitious new rules, buildings exceeding 25,000 square feet must attain nearly one-third energy savings by 2030, with interim goals in 2024 and 2027 helping to measure progress along the way. Where cost-effective, gas-powered systems must also be replaced by electric cooling and heating systems. At the same time, buildings with a footprint of between 5,000 and 25,000 square feet are required to either have 100 percent LED lighting in place by 2030 or obtain 20 percent or more of their electricity through solar. By enabling these significant changes, which aim for net zero energy within two decades, Denver is providing a mix of incentives and support, coordinated through the Energize Denver Resource Hub.
Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) Brings Private Tech Innovation to Fore
As a former Pentagon official whose tenure spanned three Presidential administrations, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA), a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established to 1) grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and 2) educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts (https://pt.slideshare.net/pamelabberkowsky/doing-businesswithmilitarycompiled). In this regard, Pamela Berkowsky and her SFDA colleagues work closely with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council, the County’s economic development authority, to connect South Florida tech founders, funders, and entrepreneurs to the relevant Department of Defense (DOD) entities.
The Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) is one of the primary entities playing an integral role in DOD’s innovation acquisition strategy. It was established in 2015 with a mission of accelerating DOD’s commercial tech adoption through partnerships with leading companies in locales including Boston, Austin and Silicon Valley. DIU’s commercial partnerships extend well beyond the sphere of traditional defense contractors and are facilitated through a pair of complementary efforts: National Security Innovation Capital (NSIC) and the National Security Innovation Network (NSIN). The latter involves partnerships with incubators, universities, and accelerators in areas such as dual-use ventures and new concept development. It also encourages “customer discovery” as a key pathway toward commercializing technologies developed in DOD laboratories. By contrast, NSIC serves to direct investment toward next generation hardware technologies through Other Transaction Authority (OTA) agreements. In addition, the DIU has simplified the process of securing merit-based contracts for companies that have never before worked with the US government. Its current director Mike Brown (former Symantec CEO) has repeatedly underscored the need for the US military to rapidly acquire and utilize leading edge commercial technologies in areas such as autonomous systems, AI, sensors, space, communications and cyber security. With awards ranging from $500K - $3M, DIU facilitates an accelerated means of addressing challenges defined as critical for national security through delivery of workable commercial technologies within a 12- to 24-month timeframe.
Defense Climate Risk Analysis Reflects Profound Shift in Planning
Pamela Berkowsky is former federal government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She served in senior positions in the Pentagon, including the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Navy, and is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1), Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impact of climate change on military installations, personnel and operations. She is a CLEO-Institute Certified Climate Communicator.
Recognized by the Defense Department as a “threat multiplier,” climate change is now being formally integrated into all aspects of defense planning, strategy and budgeting. This is not a minor change. Although the National Defense Strategy has incorporated climate considerations since 2008, they were never fully considered a part of budget and force planning. The new Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) report, promulgated in October 2021, makes it clear that the challenges associated with climate change affect DOD missions, plans, equipment, capabilities, personnel, and infrastructure. Extreme weather impacts the military, with hurricanes significantly damaging North Carolina and Florida bases, and Norfolk Naval Base experiencing “sunny day" flooding. Wildfires driven by climate change are a growing concern for military installations in California, while “black flag” heat days, which prevent troops from training safely, are becoming more frequent. In an international context, climate change can also adversely impact U.S. allies, exacerbate existing global instabilities, and pose new challenges such as the retreating sea ice and permafrost thawing in the Arctic. This is ramping up U.S. geostrategic competition with Russia and China, with the latter country demonstrating a “Polar Silk Road” ambition. In the Indo-Pacific region, rising sea levels threaten Pacific Island nations, many of which house U.S. military bases and facilities, and potentially bring opportunities for China to assert dominance. The positive news is that the DOD is now working to integrate climate risk planning across all elements of the Department in ways that will have an immediate impact. And with the increased use of renewable energy assets, steps are being taken to ensure a future force that is green, climate resilient, and able to maintain target levels of readiness, training, and security cooperation with allies.
Chief Heat Officer in Miami Seeks Equitable Climate Change Solutions
Pamela Berkowsky has over three decades of experience in defense and defense-related sectors. She focuses on how climate change impacts US military installations, personnel, and operations. Miami-Dade County Mayor Daniella Levine Cava appointed Jane Gilbert as the world's first Chief Heat Officer to expand and coordinate efforts to protect people from heat. Gilbert noted the profound effects of climate change in the Miami area, with average days over 90 degrees increasing from 27 to 88 by mid-century. The county has established a task force under Gilbert's leadership to address public awareness, outreach, and policy solutions for heat challenges.
DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security Risks
Pamela Berkowsky, founder and president of the public affairs consulting firm Blue Sapphire Strategies, is a former senior Defense Department official. Pamela Berkowsky is also Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance, a 501(c)(6) coalition of public, private and non-profit entities that seek to unite, champion and grow the military and defense/homeland security investments in South Florida (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). One of the Alliance’s key areas of effort is in the resiliency arena, developing measures to enhance infrastructure, operational and personnel readiness and resiliency at South Florida’s numerous military installations and commands.
In early 2021, President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14008 directing a “whole of government” approach to tackling the climate crisis. With regard to the Department of Defense, it directed the Secretary of Defense to assess the security implications of climate change and to incorporate climate change and its potential impact into analysis, war-gaming and simulations. As a result, in October 2021, the Department published its Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) which closely followed the release of DOD’s broader “Climate Adaptation Plan.” The DCRA assessment focuses on the national security risks presented by global warming. One particular area of climate hazard singled out in the report is the vulnerability to sea level rise of island-based US military installations and facilities across the Indo-Pacific region. It highlights the possibility that China and other adversaries could take advantage of disruptions at these bases to expand their regional influence. Another potential risk relates to how “internal and external tensions” might be aggravated in various countries due to climate-driven resource scarcity. Resulting competition for basic resources could inflame international instability and pose increased security risks. In addition to the likelihood of growing instability between and within nations, the operational demands on DOD to supply urgent disaster relief and humanitarian aid could dramatically increase.
Giving to ITEC through the Lippy Leadership Society
Pamela Berkowsky is an experienced executive and former Pentagon official with expertise in national security and international affairs. During the course of her career, she has served in multiple high-profile positions in the federal government as both a career civil servant and a political appointee. Currently based in Florida and the US Virgin Islands, Pamela Berkowsky serves as the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy firm. In addition, she is an avid tennis fan and supports and serves as a Board Member of multiple community organizations, including USA Foundation of the Israel Tennis & Education Centers (https://itecenters.org/).
The Israel Tennis & Education Centers (ITEC) is a non-profit organization that seeks to support children from all backgrounds living in one of the world’s most high conflict areas; it is one of Israel’s largest social impact programs. ITEC engages its young members in sports, teaching vital life skills such as focus, self-reliance, and perseverance while enhancing values of tolerance, co-existence, and self-esteem. There are multiple ways to contribute to their programs including through the Lippy Leadership Society, which provides annual funding to ITEC’s 14 centers, many of which are located in low-income neighborhoods. The Lippy Leadership Society is named after Dr. William Lippy, one of ITEC’s six original founders who has been at the forefront in supporting its social, educational, and athletic programs. These programs have in turn, benefitted both Jews and non-Jews across Israel, while positively impacting the lives of thousands of Israeli youth. Membership of the Lippy Leadership Society is classified into four categories which are the Founder Society (upon providing a $1,000 annual renewable gift), Chai Society (through an annual renewable gift of $1,800), Friends for Life Society (through an annual renewable gift of $5,000), and Masada Society (through an annual renewable gift of $10,000).
How The Compact Addresses Climate Change in Southeast Florida
President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, Pamela Berkowsky is a national security expert and CLEO-certified Climate Communicator who has worked at the highest levels of federal and state/local governments. Pamela Berkowsky also serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1), where she focuses on defense innovation and military climate resiliency issues, including relations with the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. Commonly known as the Compact, the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact is a collaboration among the counties of Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, Monroe and Broward to lower greenhouse emissions across the region. The Compact also seeks to develop common climate resilience policies and to establish community adaptation strategies. Established in 2009 by local government officials across Southeast Florida, the Compact addresses the effects of climate change on the area’s population. For over a decade, the counties involved in the Compact initiative have networked with stakeholders at the municipal, state, and federal governments to develop and implement various climate initiatives. Other collaborations include working with development groups, community-based organizations, academia, and economic entities. The Compact achieves its objectives by sharing regional knowledge and tools – most notably its Unified Sea Level Rise Projections -- and developing standards that ensure efficiency, coordination, and transparency when different parties put their plans into action. To keep their partners abreast of conditions, the Compact regularly updates six key climate indicators: temperature, sea level rise, sea surface temperature, high tide flooding, saltwater intrusion, and precipitation. These indicators are meant to serve as a central database for the most recent, relevant, and accurate scientific information about climate change across the region, thereby helping regional organizations to keep their planning consistent, and supporting initiatives to educate officials, the public and media about the impacts of climate change. A team of technical experts drawn from relevant government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the academic community compiles the information.
How the DOD can Invest in Military Climate Resiliency
A respected expert in national security and defense affairs, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of government experience and has been certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute. As the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs consultancy she founded, Pamela Berkowsky is also a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org) for which she focuses on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel, readiness, and operations.
Climate change and extreme weather events such as flooding, storms, and drought have adversely affected U.S. military facilities. For example, Hurricane Florence – which hit North Carolina in 2018 -- dumped 36 inches of rain and flooded three Marine Corps installations, causing $3.6 billion in damage. That same year, Hurricane Michael destroyed Tyndall Air Force base in Florida, causing damage valued at least at $4.7 billion. Given the burgeoning costs, and cascading impacts on readiness and operations, climate resiliency is a major concern for the Department of Defense (DOD), which defines resilience as the ability to prepare, anticipate, and adapt to changing conditions in order to respond to, withstand, and quickly recover from disruptions. According to a July 2021 speech by Joe Bryan, the Pentagon’s senior climate advisor, climate change is affecting the military’s resources and readiness and numerous investments must be made to mitigate the deleterious impacts. Despite the U.S. having advanced climate modeling technology, there remain opportunities for improvement in preparedness, including in climate data and analysis. This includes boosting computing power and using higher resolution technologies to monitor the small-scale effects that are key to observing regional climate patterns, especially in coastal areas. The DOD should also model various climate disaster scenarios at key military installations. Analysis should take into consideration impact on infrastructure, assets, and surrounding communities, as well as warning time and response time. Investing in smart technologies will help the DOD effectively integrate both current as well as projected climate impact scenarios into their planning cycles, in order to make necessary infrastructure modifications.
Climate Change -- Dangers of Heat Wave
A senior executive defense consultant with the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA) www.southfloridadefensealliance.org, Pamela Berkowsky has worked in defense and defense-related sectors for more than three decades. Certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute, Pamela Berkowsky focuses on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel and operations. Climate change is causing stress on the planet and climate scientists continue to warn that it remains the greatest threat to human health in recorded history. Heat is one of the most dangerous, deadly, and under-discussed dangers of climate change. Heat and drought pose a significant threat to the American economy, global food and water supplies, and the emergency response system in general. In recognition of the need to raise public awareness of the increasing severity of and risks from excessive heat events, naming and ranking heat has emerged as one of many public policy responses to the climate crisis, while Florida’s Miami-Dade County has named the first-ever Chief Heat Officer to focus on this “silent killer”. Heatwaves are growing increasingly deadly, and according to a study published earlier this year in Nature, heat is not an equal opportunity climate threat. In fact, around the world people living below the poverty level are 50% more exposed to the “urban heat island effect” in which pavement and concrete absorb more heat than trees and grass, thereby driving up temperature levels. The Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance (an international coalition built by the nonpartisan Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center at the Atlantic Council) has made addressing these racial and urban “zip code” inequities a priority. The Alliance is also seeking to improve public health data collection and to create public insurance mechanisms to assist cities in accessing funding and resources for heat wave mitigation and response measures.
The World's First Approved Ebola Vaccine
An alumnus of Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant with the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA) www.southfloridadefensealliance.org. Married to Adam Shapiro, a double board-certified physician with whom she founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, Pamela Berkowsky focuses on the defense innovation ecosystem and the national security implications of climate change. Among her particular interests are climate impacts on infectious diseases, including Ebola, and the resulting consequences for bio-warfare defense; one of the most important medical countermeasures is vaccination. The first human vaccination against the Ebola virus was approved just two years ago. Ervebo, a vaccine produced by the pharmaceutical corporation Merck & Co., Inc., was authorized by the European Union in 2019, followed by approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration later that year. During the ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019, the World Health Organization had begun to use Ervebo as an investigational vaccine under a special program to mitigate the outbreak. Only around three percent of the roughly 100,000 persons who had been vaccinated up to that point developed Ebola. The EU and FDA approvals were based on these findings, as well as data from earlier trials including the ring vaccination study conducted during the catastrophic multi-year outbreak in Guinea that resulted thousands of fatalities. Most recently, the vaccine was credited with ending the 2021 Ebola outbreak in Guinea, only months after the first cluster was identified.
DoD Interested in Commercial Propulsion Technology for Space Missions
The president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs consulting firm, Pamela Berkowsky holds a master’s degree in national security studies from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a bachelor’s degree in public and international affairs from Princeton University. Pamela Berkowsky, who with her husband, Adam Shapiro, founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, also serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), where she focuses on the national security implications of climate change, defense innovation, and opportunities to expand Department of Defense (DOD) investments in South Florida, including the aviation and aerospace sectors. In September of this year, DOD’s Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) requested proposals from private-sector companies for “lightweight, portable, long-duration” nuclear power and propulsion technologies that may be utilized to power future DoD missions in space. Existing electrical and solar-based propulsion technologies, according to the DoD, cannot support trips beyond Earth’s orbit nor are they compatible with the reduced size and weight requirements of next-generation spacecraft. As a result, a sophisticated propulsion system that can provide significant variations in velocity and power to payloads while being fuel-efficient is essential. Due to the low-temperature nature of space, the DoD additionally asked that proposed systems be able to deliver heat to spacecraft systems and that the quantity of radiation emitted be kept to a minimum. While NASA is already working to develop fission-based propulsion and power systems, DIU’s solicitation is focused on identifying commercial technology that can be used in the nearer term. Using Other Transaction Authority, DIU expects to award contracts by the end of the year.
South Florida Defense Alliance Promotes Regional Defense Sector Growth
A graduate of Princeton University and a Fulbright scholar, Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and Virgin Islands government official. Currently, Pamela Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies – the public affairs consulting firm she founded -- and a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA).
Founded in 2017, the SFDA was established to unite, champion and grow the defense community in the four-county region of South Florida (Monroe, Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties). The area’s rich military presence includes more than 50,000 active duty, guard & reserve service members and their families, more than 230,000 veterans -- and encompasses several key military commands and installations including Homestead Air Reserve Base, Naval Air Station Key West, Coast Guard District 7, and MARFORSOUTH, some of the country’s most significant Department of Defense and homeland security assets.
SFDA is a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established by an initial grant from the Governor’s Florida Defense Support Task Force. It has partnered with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council to grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts. The SFDA is currently embarking on a significant effort to assess and enhance the climate resiliency of South Florida’s military installations and personnel.
To learn more about how the SFDA advocates for military presence, capability, and growth in South Florida, visit www.southfloridadefensealliance.org.
Secretary of Defense Austin Establishes DOD Climate Working Group
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She currently works as a consultant on issues related to defense innovation, resiliency, and the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on military installations. In March 2021, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin established a Department of Defense Climate Working Group in response to an executive order from President Biden. The working group, comprised of senior civilian and military officials, is tasked with coordinating DOD responses to climate directives and tracking implementation progress.
United States Donates Medical Equipment to India for COVID-19
A national security and international relations professional, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of consequence management experience at a senior government level. She has also gained unique insights into healthcare sector response initiatives through her husband, Adam Shapiro, an otolaryngolgist. Pamela Berkowsky leverages this knowledge and experience to provide consultancy services to nonprofit, public, and private clients as president of Blue Sapphire Strategies and to support DOD investments in the commercial and academic sectors as senior executive defense consultant for the South Florida Defense Alliance. The largest government department in the United States, the DOD trains and equips military forces to ensure U.S. national security and deter wars. The department also provides humanitarian assistance and international support to other countries, notably in the wake of natural disasters. Under the leadership of Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, the Department of Defense is providing significant assistance to India as it confronts the latest destabilizing and deadly chapter of the COVID-19 crisis. As part of its whole-of-government effort, the US has sent medical supplies and equipment to the country for aid in the battle against the pandemic. Donated to India through the US Agency for International Development, the support has included rapid diagnostic kits, oxygen cylinders and regulators, ventilators, N95 masks, therapeutics, and importantly, vaccine manufacturing supplies and public health assistance. This builds on seven decades of the US-India Health Partnership, which has served to reduce HIV infections, combat tuberculosis, help pregnant women and improve healthcare across India and in its most vulnerable communities.
European Union and United States Approve Merck’s Ebola Vaccine
A former Pentagon official, Pamela (Pam) Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy. As an active champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, and as the wife of otolaryngologist Dr. Adam Shapiro, she maintains a deep concern about potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and a keen interest in the development of vaccines to treat them.
In 2019, both the European Union and the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) announced approval of the world’s first vaccine for the viral disease Ebola. Developed by Merck, the vaccine Ervebo received conditional marketing authorization from the European Medicines Agency, allowing it to be approved on an accelerated schedule and with less required clinical data than a typical new drug. Given the public health imperative, the FDA also completed its evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of this vaccine on an expedited timetable.
Ervebo underwent trials during ebola outbreaks in Guinea, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and in additional studies in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Antibody responses to Ervebo were also tested on individuals in Canada, Spain and the United States. Administered as a single-dose injection, the vaccine is approved for people over the age of 18 to protect against Ebola Zaire, the virus’ most common subtype.
Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance Recommends the Naming of Heat Waves
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She has watched with interest the recent establishment of the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance, an international coalition that aims to raise public awareness of increasing heat risks. The top priority of the new alliance is to name and rank heat waves in order to draw public attention to extreme heat events in the same way hurricanes and winter storms are named. Naming heat waves would allow leaders to better protect citizens and prepare their communities. The alliance also seeks to improve heat-related data collection and create public insurance mechanisms to help cities fund heat mitigation and response measures.
Covid 19 as a us national security emergency
An alumnus of both Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky is proud of her decades of public service. During her Clinton Administration Pentagon tenure, Pamela Berkowsky served as the Department of Defense liaison to the National Security Council and federal, state and local agencies on domestic terrorism preparedness and homeland defense issues. As a champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, she studied potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and sought to strengthen DOD's ability to respond to such threats at home.
Numerous national security assessments, including a recent RAND Corporation study, conclude that the global coronavirus pandemic is the greatest threat to the nation in a century. Compared to World War II, which had an average of 9,000 American deaths per month, COVID-19 has claimed an average of 30,000 lives per month, with numbers expected to rise. It is not surprising, therefore, that Department of Defense assets have played a larger role in responding to the pandemic than any other domestic event in history. What began earlier this year with limited involvement in assisting stranded cruise ship passengers has since grown into a response engaging every branch of the military, including active, reserve and Guard forces; many new assets have received their debut in the midst of the pandemic. Troops and DOD civilian personnel have been engaged in numerous missions ranging from manning field hospitals and urban augmentation medical facilities, deploying hospital ships and rural response teams, distributing PPE, serving meals, conducting virus screening tests, and vaccine development and distribution. Throughout the pandemic, ensuring the safety and protection of its own military and civilian personnel and their families has also been a primary DOD objective.
Extreme Heat Can Impact Military Operations, Training, and Readiness
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on U.S. military installations, personnel and operations.
The American Security Project, a nonpartisan organization focused on the national security challenges of the 21st century, has identified climate change -- an “accelerant of instability” -- as one of the most critical threats to security both at home and abroad. Its president, retired Marine Corps brigadier general Stephen Cheney, recently addressed the impact of extreme heat on military operations, installations and readiness. In a desert region such as Arizona, record breaking high temperatures and heat intensity can affect training tempo, limit available flying hours, and strain demands on installation power generation. This past summer, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base alone experienced 16 days with a temperature in excess of 90 degrees. On such days, strenuous exercise and physical training activities are suspended and flight operations constrained, making it more likely they will be shifted to nighttime. Furthermore, drought conditions and desertification overseas can result in food insecurity and climate migration, forcing the Department of Defense to intensify its focus on the possibility of increased climate-driven conflict abroad.
Doing business-with-military-compiled
The document provides an overview of an event focused on doing business with the military. It begins with introductions, goals for the event, and an overview of Miami-Dade County's aviation industry and defense industry cluster study. It then discusses current and future DoD budget areas like aviation, science and technology, and MRO/training/drone operations. A panel discussion on these topics is outlined, including remarks from military logistics and acquisition leaders on requirements in aviation maintenance, repair, and logistics. The event aims to help local businesses understand defense opportunities and how to do business with the military.
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More from Pamela Berkowsky
Hurlburt Field in Florida to Undergo Energy Efficiency Upgrades
A respected expert in defense and national security, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of federal and territorial government experience and has recently been certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute. As the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs and business consultancy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org). Her SFDA work focuses primarily on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel, readiness, and operations. In mid-2021, the US Defense Department (DOD) announced that it would undertake a comprehensive upgrade of energy infrastructure at Hurlburt Field, the Destin, Florida military base which hosts the headquarters of Air Force Special Operations Command (HQ AFSOC). The Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC), awarded by the Defense Logistics Agency – Energy, provides Schneider Electric Buildings Americas with a $22.6 million task order to bring Hurlburt Fields’s infrastructure up to standard, aiming to ensure that grid stability and critical power supply needs are fully met. The work is also expected to have a positive budgetary impact, with $1.5 million in annual energy savings forecast across the 22-year contract term – a projected annual 17.7% reduction in energy costs. The project is one of a new breed of long term ESPC contracts that strive to boost facility efficiency while also improving mission readiness and 24/7 energy reliability. Among the upgrades spanning more than 375 structures planned at Hurlburt Field are a canopy solar PV system that will supply 240kW of electricity, airfield LED lighting upgrades, enhanced HVAC capacity, and duct sealing. In addition, a microgrid control-outfitted battery energy system with 200kW/112kWhr storage capacity will boost operational resilience and help ensure mission-critical reliability. Construction is projected for completion in early 2023 and will significantly enhance HQ AFSOC’s stability and resiliency.
Denver Takes Citywide Step in Mandating Building Energy Efficiency
Pamela Berkowsky is a Fulbright scholar and former Pentagon and United States Virgin Islands government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. As a senior executive consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), she focuses on defense innovation and climate resiliency issues. Pamela Berkowsky and her Defense Alliance colleagues are carefully monitoring steps the federal and municipal governments are undertaking across the country to mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change. One important civic development in late 2021 worth noting is the Denver, Colorado, City Council adoption of an ordinance that aims to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The new municipal rules are the first ever to cover all multifamily and commercial buildings citywide. They mandate improvements spanning building electrification, efficiency, and the use of renewable energy. Backed by a local commercial real estate organization, the new regulations were adopted by a unanimous Council vote and are based on recommendations of the “Energize Denver” Task Force. Under the ambitious new rules, buildings exceeding 25,000 square feet must attain nearly one-third energy savings by 2030, with interim goals in 2024 and 2027 helping to measure progress along the way. Where cost-effective, gas-powered systems must also be replaced by electric cooling and heating systems. At the same time, buildings with a footprint of between 5,000 and 25,000 square feet are required to either have 100 percent LED lighting in place by 2030 or obtain 20 percent or more of their electricity through solar. By enabling these significant changes, which aim for net zero energy within two decades, Denver is providing a mix of incentives and support, coordinated through the Energize Denver Resource Hub.
Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) Brings Private Tech Innovation to Fore
As a former Pentagon official whose tenure spanned three Presidential administrations, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA), a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established to 1) grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and 2) educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts (https://pt.slideshare.net/pamelabberkowsky/doing-businesswithmilitarycompiled). In this regard, Pamela Berkowsky and her SFDA colleagues work closely with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council, the County’s economic development authority, to connect South Florida tech founders, funders, and entrepreneurs to the relevant Department of Defense (DOD) entities.
The Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) is one of the primary entities playing an integral role in DOD’s innovation acquisition strategy. It was established in 2015 with a mission of accelerating DOD’s commercial tech adoption through partnerships with leading companies in locales including Boston, Austin and Silicon Valley. DIU’s commercial partnerships extend well beyond the sphere of traditional defense contractors and are facilitated through a pair of complementary efforts: National Security Innovation Capital (NSIC) and the National Security Innovation Network (NSIN). The latter involves partnerships with incubators, universities, and accelerators in areas such as dual-use ventures and new concept development. It also encourages “customer discovery” as a key pathway toward commercializing technologies developed in DOD laboratories. By contrast, NSIC serves to direct investment toward next generation hardware technologies through Other Transaction Authority (OTA) agreements. In addition, the DIU has simplified the process of securing merit-based contracts for companies that have never before worked with the US government. Its current director Mike Brown (former Symantec CEO) has repeatedly underscored the need for the US military to rapidly acquire and utilize leading edge commercial technologies in areas such as autonomous systems, AI, sensors, space, communications and cyber security. With awards ranging from $500K - $3M, DIU facilitates an accelerated means of addressing challenges defined as critical for national security through delivery of workable commercial technologies within a 12- to 24-month timeframe.
Defense Climate Risk Analysis Reflects Profound Shift in Planning
Pamela Berkowsky is former federal government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She served in senior positions in the Pentagon, including the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Navy, and is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1), Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impact of climate change on military installations, personnel and operations. She is a CLEO-Institute Certified Climate Communicator.
Recognized by the Defense Department as a “threat multiplier,” climate change is now being formally integrated into all aspects of defense planning, strategy and budgeting. This is not a minor change. Although the National Defense Strategy has incorporated climate considerations since 2008, they were never fully considered a part of budget and force planning. The new Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) report, promulgated in October 2021, makes it clear that the challenges associated with climate change affect DOD missions, plans, equipment, capabilities, personnel, and infrastructure. Extreme weather impacts the military, with hurricanes significantly damaging North Carolina and Florida bases, and Norfolk Naval Base experiencing “sunny day" flooding. Wildfires driven by climate change are a growing concern for military installations in California, while “black flag” heat days, which prevent troops from training safely, are becoming more frequent. In an international context, climate change can also adversely impact U.S. allies, exacerbate existing global instabilities, and pose new challenges such as the retreating sea ice and permafrost thawing in the Arctic. This is ramping up U.S. geostrategic competition with Russia and China, with the latter country demonstrating a “Polar Silk Road” ambition. In the Indo-Pacific region, rising sea levels threaten Pacific Island nations, many of which house U.S. military bases and facilities, and potentially bring opportunities for China to assert dominance. The positive news is that the DOD is now working to integrate climate risk planning across all elements of the Department in ways that will have an immediate impact. And with the increased use of renewable energy assets, steps are being taken to ensure a future force that is green, climate resilient, and able to maintain target levels of readiness, training, and security cooperation with allies.
Chief Heat Officer in Miami Seeks Equitable Climate Change Solutions
Pamela Berkowsky has over three decades of experience in defense and defense-related sectors. She focuses on how climate change impacts US military installations, personnel, and operations. Miami-Dade County Mayor Daniella Levine Cava appointed Jane Gilbert as the world's first Chief Heat Officer to expand and coordinate efforts to protect people from heat. Gilbert noted the profound effects of climate change in the Miami area, with average days over 90 degrees increasing from 27 to 88 by mid-century. The county has established a task force under Gilbert's leadership to address public awareness, outreach, and policy solutions for heat challenges.
DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security Risks
Pamela Berkowsky, founder and president of the public affairs consulting firm Blue Sapphire Strategies, is a former senior Defense Department official. Pamela Berkowsky is also Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance, a 501(c)(6) coalition of public, private and non-profit entities that seek to unite, champion and grow the military and defense/homeland security investments in South Florida (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). One of the Alliance’s key areas of effort is in the resiliency arena, developing measures to enhance infrastructure, operational and personnel readiness and resiliency at South Florida’s numerous military installations and commands.
In early 2021, President Joe Biden signed Executive Order 14008 directing a “whole of government” approach to tackling the climate crisis. With regard to the Department of Defense, it directed the Secretary of Defense to assess the security implications of climate change and to incorporate climate change and its potential impact into analysis, war-gaming and simulations. As a result, in October 2021, the Department published its Defense Climate Risk Analysis (DCRA) which closely followed the release of DOD’s broader “Climate Adaptation Plan.” The DCRA assessment focuses on the national security risks presented by global warming. One particular area of climate hazard singled out in the report is the vulnerability to sea level rise of island-based US military installations and facilities across the Indo-Pacific region. It highlights the possibility that China and other adversaries could take advantage of disruptions at these bases to expand their regional influence. Another potential risk relates to how “internal and external tensions” might be aggravated in various countries due to climate-driven resource scarcity. Resulting competition for basic resources could inflame international instability and pose increased security risks. In addition to the likelihood of growing instability between and within nations, the operational demands on DOD to supply urgent disaster relief and humanitarian aid could dramatically increase.
Giving to ITEC through the Lippy Leadership Society
Pamela Berkowsky is an experienced executive and former Pentagon official with expertise in national security and international affairs. During the course of her career, she has served in multiple high-profile positions in the federal government as both a career civil servant and a political appointee. Currently based in Florida and the US Virgin Islands, Pamela Berkowsky serves as the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy firm. In addition, she is an avid tennis fan and supports and serves as a Board Member of multiple community organizations, including USA Foundation of the Israel Tennis & Education Centers (https://itecenters.org/).
The Israel Tennis & Education Centers (ITEC) is a non-profit organization that seeks to support children from all backgrounds living in one of the world’s most high conflict areas; it is one of Israel’s largest social impact programs. ITEC engages its young members in sports, teaching vital life skills such as focus, self-reliance, and perseverance while enhancing values of tolerance, co-existence, and self-esteem. There are multiple ways to contribute to their programs including through the Lippy Leadership Society, which provides annual funding to ITEC’s 14 centers, many of which are located in low-income neighborhoods. The Lippy Leadership Society is named after Dr. William Lippy, one of ITEC’s six original founders who has been at the forefront in supporting its social, educational, and athletic programs. These programs have in turn, benefitted both Jews and non-Jews across Israel, while positively impacting the lives of thousands of Israeli youth. Membership of the Lippy Leadership Society is classified into four categories which are the Founder Society (upon providing a $1,000 annual renewable gift), Chai Society (through an annual renewable gift of $1,800), Friends for Life Society (through an annual renewable gift of $5,000), and Masada Society (through an annual renewable gift of $10,000).
How The Compact Addresses Climate Change in Southeast Florida
President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, Pamela Berkowsky is a national security expert and CLEO-certified Climate Communicator who has worked at the highest levels of federal and state/local governments. Pamela Berkowsky also serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1), where she focuses on defense innovation and military climate resiliency issues, including relations with the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. Commonly known as the Compact, the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact is a collaboration among the counties of Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, Monroe and Broward to lower greenhouse emissions across the region. The Compact also seeks to develop common climate resilience policies and to establish community adaptation strategies. Established in 2009 by local government officials across Southeast Florida, the Compact addresses the effects of climate change on the area’s population. For over a decade, the counties involved in the Compact initiative have networked with stakeholders at the municipal, state, and federal governments to develop and implement various climate initiatives. Other collaborations include working with development groups, community-based organizations, academia, and economic entities. The Compact achieves its objectives by sharing regional knowledge and tools – most notably its Unified Sea Level Rise Projections -- and developing standards that ensure efficiency, coordination, and transparency when different parties put their plans into action. To keep their partners abreast of conditions, the Compact regularly updates six key climate indicators: temperature, sea level rise, sea surface temperature, high tide flooding, saltwater intrusion, and precipitation. These indicators are meant to serve as a central database for the most recent, relevant, and accurate scientific information about climate change across the region, thereby helping regional organizations to keep their planning consistent, and supporting initiatives to educate officials, the public and media about the impacts of climate change. A team of technical experts drawn from relevant government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the academic community compiles the information.
How the DOD can Invest in Military Climate Resiliency
A respected expert in national security and defense affairs, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of government experience and has been certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute. As the President of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs consultancy she founded, Pamela Berkowsky is also a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org) for which she focuses on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel, readiness, and operations.
Climate change and extreme weather events such as flooding, storms, and drought have adversely affected U.S. military facilities. For example, Hurricane Florence – which hit North Carolina in 2018 -- dumped 36 inches of rain and flooded three Marine Corps installations, causing $3.6 billion in damage. That same year, Hurricane Michael destroyed Tyndall Air Force base in Florida, causing damage valued at least at $4.7 billion. Given the burgeoning costs, and cascading impacts on readiness and operations, climate resiliency is a major concern for the Department of Defense (DOD), which defines resilience as the ability to prepare, anticipate, and adapt to changing conditions in order to respond to, withstand, and quickly recover from disruptions. According to a July 2021 speech by Joe Bryan, the Pentagon’s senior climate advisor, climate change is affecting the military’s resources and readiness and numerous investments must be made to mitigate the deleterious impacts. Despite the U.S. having advanced climate modeling technology, there remain opportunities for improvement in preparedness, including in climate data and analysis. This includes boosting computing power and using higher resolution technologies to monitor the small-scale effects that are key to observing regional climate patterns, especially in coastal areas. The DOD should also model various climate disaster scenarios at key military installations. Analysis should take into consideration impact on infrastructure, assets, and surrounding communities, as well as warning time and response time. Investing in smart technologies will help the DOD effectively integrate both current as well as projected climate impact scenarios into their planning cycles, in order to make necessary infrastructure modifications.
Climate Change -- Dangers of Heat Wave
A senior executive defense consultant with the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA) www.southfloridadefensealliance.org, Pamela Berkowsky has worked in defense and defense-related sectors for more than three decades. Certified as a Climate Communicator by the CLEO Institute, Pamela Berkowsky focuses on resiliency and the national security implications of climate change, particularly the impacts on U.S. military installations, personnel and operations. Climate change is causing stress on the planet and climate scientists continue to warn that it remains the greatest threat to human health in recorded history. Heat is one of the most dangerous, deadly, and under-discussed dangers of climate change. Heat and drought pose a significant threat to the American economy, global food and water supplies, and the emergency response system in general. In recognition of the need to raise public awareness of the increasing severity of and risks from excessive heat events, naming and ranking heat has emerged as one of many public policy responses to the climate crisis, while Florida’s Miami-Dade County has named the first-ever Chief Heat Officer to focus on this “silent killer”. Heatwaves are growing increasingly deadly, and according to a study published earlier this year in Nature, heat is not an equal opportunity climate threat. In fact, around the world people living below the poverty level are 50% more exposed to the “urban heat island effect” in which pavement and concrete absorb more heat than trees and grass, thereby driving up temperature levels. The Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance (an international coalition built by the nonpartisan Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center at the Atlantic Council) has made addressing these racial and urban “zip code” inequities a priority. The Alliance is also seeking to improve public health data collection and to create public insurance mechanisms to assist cities in accessing funding and resources for heat wave mitigation and response measures.
The World's First Approved Ebola Vaccine
An alumnus of Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky serves as a senior executive defense consultant with the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA) www.southfloridadefensealliance.org. Married to Adam Shapiro, a double board-certified physician with whom she founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, Pamela Berkowsky focuses on the defense innovation ecosystem and the national security implications of climate change. Among her particular interests are climate impacts on infectious diseases, including Ebola, and the resulting consequences for bio-warfare defense; one of the most important medical countermeasures is vaccination. The first human vaccination against the Ebola virus was approved just two years ago. Ervebo, a vaccine produced by the pharmaceutical corporation Merck & Co., Inc., was authorized by the European Union in 2019, followed by approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration later that year. During the ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019, the World Health Organization had begun to use Ervebo as an investigational vaccine under a special program to mitigate the outbreak. Only around three percent of the roughly 100,000 persons who had been vaccinated up to that point developed Ebola. The EU and FDA approvals were based on these findings, as well as data from earlier trials including the ring vaccination study conducted during the catastrophic multi-year outbreak in Guinea that resulted thousands of fatalities. Most recently, the vaccine was credited with ending the 2021 Ebola outbreak in Guinea, only months after the first cluster was identified.
DoD Interested in Commercial Propulsion Technology for Space Missions
The president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a Miami-based public affairs consulting firm, Pamela Berkowsky holds a master’s degree in national security studies from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a bachelor’s degree in public and international affairs from Princeton University. Pamela Berkowsky, who with her husband, Adam Shapiro, founded Aerospace Medical Sleep Consultants, also serves as a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (www.southfloridadefensealliance.org), where she focuses on the national security implications of climate change, defense innovation, and opportunities to expand Department of Defense (DOD) investments in South Florida, including the aviation and aerospace sectors. In September of this year, DOD’s Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) requested proposals from private-sector companies for “lightweight, portable, long-duration” nuclear power and propulsion technologies that may be utilized to power future DoD missions in space. Existing electrical and solar-based propulsion technologies, according to the DoD, cannot support trips beyond Earth’s orbit nor are they compatible with the reduced size and weight requirements of next-generation spacecraft. As a result, a sophisticated propulsion system that can provide significant variations in velocity and power to payloads while being fuel-efficient is essential. Due to the low-temperature nature of space, the DoD additionally asked that proposed systems be able to deliver heat to spacecraft systems and that the quantity of radiation emitted be kept to a minimum. While NASA is already working to develop fission-based propulsion and power systems, DIU’s solicitation is focused on identifying commercial technology that can be used in the nearer term. Using Other Transaction Authority, DIU expects to award contracts by the end of the year.
South Florida Defense Alliance Promotes Regional Defense Sector Growth
A graduate of Princeton University and a Fulbright scholar, Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and Virgin Islands government official. Currently, Pamela Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies – the public affairs consulting firm she founded -- and a senior executive defense consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (SFDA).
Founded in 2017, the SFDA was established to unite, champion and grow the defense community in the four-county region of South Florida (Monroe, Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties). The area’s rich military presence includes more than 50,000 active duty, guard & reserve service members and their families, more than 230,000 veterans -- and encompasses several key military commands and installations including Homestead Air Reserve Base, Naval Air Station Key West, Coast Guard District 7, and MARFORSOUTH, some of the country’s most significant Department of Defense and homeland security assets.
SFDA is a non-profit 501(c)(6) organization established by an initial grant from the Governor’s Florida Defense Support Task Force. It has partnered with the Miami-Dade Beacon Council to grow defense investments in South Florida in the areas of space, aviation and healthcare, and educate South Florida’s innovation ecosystem about accessing DOD funding and contracts. The SFDA is currently embarking on a significant effort to assess and enhance the climate resiliency of South Florida’s military installations and personnel.
To learn more about how the SFDA advocates for military presence, capability, and growth in South Florida, visit www.southfloridadefensealliance.org.
Secretary of Defense Austin Establishes DOD Climate Working Group
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She currently works as a consultant on issues related to defense innovation, resiliency, and the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on military installations. In March 2021, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin established a Department of Defense Climate Working Group in response to an executive order from President Biden. The working group, comprised of senior civilian and military officials, is tasked with coordinating DOD responses to climate directives and tracking implementation progress.
United States Donates Medical Equipment to India for COVID-19
A national security and international relations professional, Pamela Berkowsky has decades of consequence management experience at a senior government level. She has also gained unique insights into healthcare sector response initiatives through her husband, Adam Shapiro, an otolaryngolgist. Pamela Berkowsky leverages this knowledge and experience to provide consultancy services to nonprofit, public, and private clients as president of Blue Sapphire Strategies and to support DOD investments in the commercial and academic sectors as senior executive defense consultant for the South Florida Defense Alliance. The largest government department in the United States, the DOD trains and equips military forces to ensure U.S. national security and deter wars. The department also provides humanitarian assistance and international support to other countries, notably in the wake of natural disasters. Under the leadership of Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, the Department of Defense is providing significant assistance to India as it confronts the latest destabilizing and deadly chapter of the COVID-19 crisis. As part of its whole-of-government effort, the US has sent medical supplies and equipment to the country for aid in the battle against the pandemic. Donated to India through the US Agency for International Development, the support has included rapid diagnostic kits, oxygen cylinders and regulators, ventilators, N95 masks, therapeutics, and importantly, vaccine manufacturing supplies and public health assistance. This builds on seven decades of the US-India Health Partnership, which has served to reduce HIV infections, combat tuberculosis, help pregnant women and improve healthcare across India and in its most vulnerable communities.
European Union and United States Approve Merck’s Ebola Vaccine
A former Pentagon official, Pamela (Pam) Berkowsky is the president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a public affairs and business consultancy. As an active champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, and as the wife of otolaryngologist Dr. Adam Shapiro, she maintains a deep concern about potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and a keen interest in the development of vaccines to treat them.
In 2019, both the European Union and the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) announced approval of the world’s first vaccine for the viral disease Ebola. Developed by Merck, the vaccine Ervebo received conditional marketing authorization from the European Medicines Agency, allowing it to be approved on an accelerated schedule and with less required clinical data than a typical new drug. Given the public health imperative, the FDA also completed its evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of this vaccine on an expedited timetable.
Ervebo underwent trials during ebola outbreaks in Guinea, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and in additional studies in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Antibody responses to Ervebo were also tested on individuals in Canada, Spain and the United States. Administered as a single-dose injection, the vaccine is approved for people over the age of 18 to protect against Ebola Zaire, the virus’ most common subtype.
Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance Recommends the Naming of Heat Waves
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She has watched with interest the recent establishment of the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance, an international coalition that aims to raise public awareness of increasing heat risks. The top priority of the new alliance is to name and rank heat waves in order to draw public attention to extreme heat events in the same way hurricanes and winter storms are named. Naming heat waves would allow leaders to better protect citizens and prepare their communities. The alliance also seeks to improve heat-related data collection and create public insurance mechanisms to help cities fund heat mitigation and response measures.
Covid 19 as a us national security emergency
An alumnus of both Princeton University and the Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy, Pamela Berkowsky is proud of her decades of public service. During her Clinton Administration Pentagon tenure, Pamela Berkowsky served as the Department of Defense liaison to the National Security Council and federal, state and local agencies on domestic terrorism preparedness and homeland defense issues. As a champion of enhancements to DOD and government-wide biodefense capabilities, she studied potential biological threats to the United States, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and sought to strengthen DOD's ability to respond to such threats at home.
Numerous national security assessments, including a recent RAND Corporation study, conclude that the global coronavirus pandemic is the greatest threat to the nation in a century. Compared to World War II, which had an average of 9,000 American deaths per month, COVID-19 has claimed an average of 30,000 lives per month, with numbers expected to rise. It is not surprising, therefore, that Department of Defense assets have played a larger role in responding to the pandemic than any other domestic event in history. What began earlier this year with limited involvement in assisting stranded cruise ship passengers has since grown into a response engaging every branch of the military, including active, reserve and Guard forces; many new assets have received their debut in the midst of the pandemic. Troops and DOD civilian personnel have been engaged in numerous missions ranging from manning field hospitals and urban augmentation medical facilities, deploying hospital ships and rural response teams, distributing PPE, serving meals, conducting virus screening tests, and vaccine development and distribution. Throughout the pandemic, ensuring the safety and protection of its own military and civilian personnel and their families has also been a primary DOD objective.
Extreme Heat Can Impact Military Operations, Training, and Readiness
Pamela Berkowsky is a former Pentagon and state government official with expertise in disaster preparedness and response. She is president of Blue Sapphire Strategies, a boutique public affairs business consultancy. As a Senior Executive Defense Consultant to the South Florida Defense Alliance (https://www.southfloridadefensealliance.org/about-us-1). Pamela Berkowsky focuses on defense innovation and resiliency issues, including the impacts of climate change and sea level rise on U.S. military installations, personnel and operations.
The American Security Project, a nonpartisan organization focused on the national security challenges of the 21st century, has identified climate change -- an “accelerant of instability” -- as one of the most critical threats to security both at home and abroad. Its president, retired Marine Corps brigadier general Stephen Cheney, recently addressed the impact of extreme heat on military operations, installations and readiness. In a desert region such as Arizona, record breaking high temperatures and heat intensity can affect training tempo, limit available flying hours, and strain demands on installation power generation. This past summer, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base alone experienced 16 days with a temperature in excess of 90 degrees. On such days, strenuous exercise and physical training activities are suspended and flight operations constrained, making it more likely they will be shifted to nighttime. Furthermore, drought conditions and desertification overseas can result in food insecurity and climate migration, forcing the Department of Defense to intensify its focus on the possibility of increased climate-driven conflict abroad.
Doing business-with-military-compiled
The document provides an overview of an event focused on doing business with the military. It begins with introductions, goals for the event, and an overview of Miami-Dade County's aviation industry and defense industry cluster study. It then discusses current and future DoD budget areas like aviation, science and technology, and MRO/training/drone operations. A panel discussion on these topics is outlined, including remarks from military logistics and acquisition leaders on requirements in aviation maintenance, repair, and logistics. The event aims to help local businesses understand defense opportunities and how to do business with the military.
More from Pamela Berkowsky (20)
Hurlburt Field in Florida to Undergo Energy Efficiency Upgrades
Hurlburt Field in Florida to Undergo Energy Efficiency Upgrades
Denver Takes Citywide Step in Mandating Building Energy Efficiency
Denver Takes Citywide Step in Mandating Building Energy Efficiency
Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) Brings Private Tech Innovation to Fore
Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) Brings Private Tech Innovation to Fore
Defense Climate Risk Analysis Reflects Profound Shift in Planning
Defense Climate Risk Analysis Reflects Profound Shift in Planning
Chief Heat Officer in Miami Seeks Equitable Climate Change Solutions
Chief Heat Officer in Miami Seeks Equitable Climate Change Solutions
DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security Risks
DoD’s “Climate Risk Analysis” Explores National Security Risks
Giving to ITEC through the Lippy Leadership Society
Giving to ITEC through the Lippy Leadership Society
How The Compact Addresses Climate Change in Southeast Florida
How The Compact Addresses Climate Change in Southeast Florida
How the DOD can Invest in Military Climate Resiliency
How the DOD can Invest in Military Climate Resiliency
DoD Interested in Commercial Propulsion Technology for Space Missions
DoD Interested in Commercial Propulsion Technology for Space Missions
South Florida Defense Alliance Promotes Regional Defense Sector Growth
South Florida Defense Alliance Promotes Regional Defense Sector Growth
Secretary of Defense Austin Establishes DOD Climate Working Group
Secretary of Defense Austin Establishes DOD Climate Working Group
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European Union and United States Approve Merck’s Ebola Vaccine
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Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance Recommends the Naming of Heat Waves
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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