This document discusses project appraisal through economic analysis. It outlines the key phases and issues in project appraisal, including need identification, options analysis, and risk assessment. It also describes various types of economic analyses used in appraisal, such as cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and multi-criteria analysis. Finally, it discusses techniques for project appraisal like net present value, internal rate of return, benefit-cost ratio, and their formulas.