Benefits of DOAs analysis on the bautomation.pdfPrabhop1
Drug screening test on the Indiko automation. The benefit of test, it can identify the person who take the drug even give negative in term of semiquantitative and qualitative results.
Benefits of DOAs analysis on the bautomation.pdfPrabhop1
Drug screening test on the Indiko automation. The benefit of test, it can identify the person who take the drug even give negative in term of semiquantitative and qualitative results.
2. MT
Professional
Service
• Clinical
Microscopy
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล
• Clinical
Chemistry
• Clinical
Microbiology
• Molecular
Biology
• Toxicology
• TDM
• Drug of abuse
: DOAs
The main goals of MT professional
service is to providing accurate
laboratory results that enhance care
while minimizing risk and support
decisions.
• Hematology
• Transfusion
Science
• Legal
• Criminal
• Justice
• Medicare
2
25. Confirmatory methods: Gas liquid chromatography,
High performance liquid chromatography and
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
(the gold standard for drug detection
Qualitative and Semi quantitative screening method for drug detection:
Homogeneous competitive immunoassay
in solution is a screening test used with most substances.
DRI, KIMS, CEDIA, EMIT, FPIA
Qualitative screening method for drug detection:
Lateral flow immuno-assay (LFIA) or rapid diagnostic test (RDT),
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล
การวิเคราะห์/ตรวจ
สารเสพติด
(Drug abuse
determination)
25
31. DRITM Technology
Enzyme-labelled Molecules of
the compound to be measured
“ENZ-CONJUGATE”
Diagnostic Reagent Incorporate Enzyme Immunoassay (DRITM) is based
on the competition between a drug or drug enzyme conjugate (glucose-6-
phosphate dehydrogenase:G6PDH) and free drug from the sample for a
fixed amount of specific antibody binding sites.
G6PDH in the presence of Cofactor and Substrate forms NADH.
The NADH absorbs light at 340 nm.
Cofactor
“NAD”
SUBSTRATE
“G6P”
NADH
Monoclonal antibody
specific for molecules
of target analyte
“specific-Ab”
มีสารเป้าหมายเยอะ...เอนไซย์ม ยิ่งทางานดี
เนื่องจากสารเป้าหมายแย่งจับกับแอนตีบอดี
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล
31
33. DRITM Technology, features and benefits
1. Liquid ready-to-use homogeneous competitive enzyme immunoassay.
2. High analytical accuracy while eliminating time-consuming steps in
reagent preparation.
3. The assay uses bio-engineered specific monoclonal antibodies, not
interfere by endogenous enzyme.
4. Minimal cross-reactivity to various over the counter structurally
unrelated compounds, add excellent sensitivity, linearity, specificity,
precision and accuracy to the mix.
5. Give excellent result acceptance of analyte levels through excellent
correlation to GC/MS.
6. Provide excellent open vial stability via guaranteed consistency: kit to
kit, lot to lot, and year to year
7. All of excellent that has been proven to reduce costs and increase
laboratory productivity without sacrificing quality (close to zero
false positive).
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล 33
35. Amp + Methamp =
Amphetamine assay
• Both methamphetamine and amphetamines are potent
stimulants by release dopamine surges into the brain, quickly
elevating your blood pressure and heart rate to increase so
speed up the body’s metabolism and raise body
temperature.
• Methamphetamine can release five times more dopamine
than amphetamine this might contribute to the greater
addictiveness and largely abuse than amphetamine.
• More prescription medications, like Adderall, contain
amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, has an important
place as a prescription drug that treats attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
• These substances have many similarities, methamphetamine
was derived from amphetamines in 1919.
• The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug
Addiction (EMCDDA) states that there are so many
similarities between the two that, for monitoring purposes,
they are often lumped into one term: amphetamines.
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล 35
36. DRITM Amphetamine Assay
• Between 30-54% of an oral dose is excreted in urine
as unchanged meth and 10-23% as unchanged
amphetamine.
• Following an intravenous dose, 45% is excreted as
unchanged meth and 7% amphetamine.
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 36
38. DRITM Amphetamine Assay
• Amphetamine are synthetic derivatives of ephedrine.
• The most common amphetamines include
d-amphetamine, d-methamphetamine, and
d,l-amphetamine.
• When amphetamine ingested, it is either rapidly
deactivated in the liver or excreted unchanged into
the urine.
• Other ephedrine derivatives such as,
methamphetamine can be metabolized and excreted
in urine as amphetamine.
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล 38
39. ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล
https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/pharmacological/non-opioids/methamphetamine-urine-toxicology-depth-review
•The challenge for the laboratory is to differentiate
between the d and the l isomer forms of
methamphetamine. The clinician needs this critical
information because without the d:l-isomer ratio,
the clinician is unable to narrow down the potential
sources of the methamphetamine.
•A positive methamphetamine test could be caused
by use of an OTC product, a prescription drug, or
illicit use (Table1). The laboratory may run up to 3
distinct tests to produce a complete amphetamine
profile.
•The first test is an immunoassay (IA) screening test
for the amphetamine class of medications, which
includes both amphetamines and
methamphetamines.
•If the screening test is positive (a reaction greater
than the cutoff), then a mass spectrometry (MS)
confirmation test is performed to determine which
specific compounds, amphetamine and/or
methamphetamine, are present.
•Once methamphetamine is confirmed positive by
MS, a third test may be performed to ascertain the
ratio between the 2 isomers of methamphetamine.
•The d,l-isomer test also is performed by MS.
Understanding each of the 3 testing steps is
essential to clinical decision making related to
patient care.
39
52. การทดสอบที่ให้บริการใน
ปัจจุบัน
SAMHSA Panel: Analyte
Attributes
Common Name Analytes Detection Window Screening for Abuse
Marijuana (Pot) Metabolite:
THCA (11-nor-
Δ
9
-THC-COOH)
Single Use: 3 days
4 times/wk Use: 5-7 days
Daily Use: 10-15 days
Heavy User: 3+ weeks
9
Marijuana is rapidly
metabolized, with little to
none found in the urine.
However, its major metabolite,
THCA, is detectable within
hours after exposure and for
up to 3+ weeks in heavy users.
Therefore, only the metabolite
is required for detection.
16
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล 52
56. Specimen validity tests (SVT)
• Methods used on a urine drug screen specimen to
detect for substitution, adulteration, or dilution.
• Thermo Fisher Scientific provides Specimen Validity
Tests for creatinine, specific gravity, oxidizing agents
(e.g. nitrites) and pH.
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล 56
57. Specimen validity tests (SVT)
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล
• Substitution and dilution of the urine samples is done
by using either water or other liquids which have a
color similar to urine, such as tea and/or apple juice.
• SAMHSA recommends several ways to assess for this
type of substitution/dilution by using Creatinine and
Specific Gravity tests.
• Creatinine is a waste product produced by the body
and excreted in the urine at a relatively constant rate.
Fluctuations in creatinine concentration may be an
indication of hydration, dilution or substitution.
• Specific gravity reflects the density of the urine
specimen when compared to water. The lower the
specific gravity, the closer its consistency to water and
therefore possible indication of dilution or
substitution.
57
58. Specimen validity tests (SVT)
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล
Indicator SAMHSA Guidelines Thermo Scientific Test
Creatinine
Specific Gravity
< 2 mg/dL
≤ 1.0010 or ≥ 1.0200
DRI Creatinine-Detect
DRI Gravity-Detect
Monitoring for Substitution
Monitoring for Dilution
Indicator SAMHSA Guidelines* SAMHSA Guidelines† Thermo Scientific Test
Creatinine
Specific Gravity
5 mg/dL but < 20 mg/dL
≥ 1.002 but < 1.003
≥ 2 mg/mL but < 20 mg/dL
> 1.0010 but < 1.0030
DRI Creatinine-Detect
DRI Gravity-Detect
58
59. Specimen validity tests (SVT)
• Adulterants (Additives เจือปน) Oxidizing agents can be
purchased commercially and used to adulterate urine samples.
• The most commonly used oxidizing agents are nitrite (Klear™),
chromate (Urine Luck™), iodine, bleach, and horseradish
peroxidase (Stealth).
• These oxidizing agents, when added to urine, do not show any
significant change to the appearance of the urine and may not
be detected by other methods such as pH, specific gravity or
even creatinine concentration.
• Testing the urine for pH gives an indication of whether the
specimen is adulterated with bleach or ammonia (producing a
basic pH >11.0) or adulterated with lemon juice or vinegar
(producing an acidic pH < 4.0).
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล 59
60. Specimen validity tests (SVT)
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล
Indicator SAMHSA Guidelines Thermo Scientific Test
pH pH < 4.0 or > 11.0 DRI™ pH-Detect
Nitrite ≥ 500 µg/mL DRI General Oxidant-Detect
Chromium ≥ 50 µg/mL DRI General Oxidant-Detect
Halogens
(bleach, iodine, fluoride)
Use either a general
oxidant or halogen
colorimetric test
DRI General Oxidant-Detect
Pyridine Use either a general
oxidant or chromium
colorimetric test
DRI General Oxidant-Detect
60
67. 1. Performing
professional services
with quality for
taking care of
individual and
population health
2. Mastering novel
and appropriate
technology for
health sciences
application
ประภพ ด่านเศรษฐกุล 67