The document discusses parallel computing libraries that allow users to accelerate MATLAB code using GPUs without having to write GPU-specific code, and how parallel computing can help address challenges in machine learning by allowing users to focus on solving machine learning problems rather than dealing with parallelization issues across different hardware architectures. It also discusses the need for high-level abstractions that can simplify the design of parallel machine learning programs to handle graph-based dependencies, iterative computations, and asynchronous execution across distributed systems.