Disorders are generally grouped into: 1. HYPER- when the gland secretes  excessive hormones 2. HYPO- when the gland does not  secrete enough hormones Hyper and Hypo can be classified as PRIMARY when the Gland itself is the problem or SECONDARY when the pituitary or the hypothalamus is causing the problem

1. DISORDERS OFTHE
PITUITARY GLAND
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 1
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III

2. DISORDERS OFTHE ENDOCRINE
GLAND
Disorders are generally grouped
into:
1. HYPER- when the gland secretes
excessive hormones
2. HYPO- when the gland does not
secrete enough hormones
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 2

3. DISORDERS OFTHE ENDOCRINE
GLAND
Hyper and Hypo can be classified as
PRIMARY when the Gland itself is
the problem or
SECONDARY when the pituitary or
the hypothalamus is causing the
problem
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 3

4. PITUITARY GLAND
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 4

5. PITUITARY GLAND
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 5

6. HYPO PITUITARISM
Hyposecretion of the anterior
pituitary gland
CAUSES: Congenital, Post-partal
necrosis, infection and tumor
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 6

7. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 7

8. Hypopituitarism: ASSESSMENT
Findings
1. Retarded physical growth due to
decreased GH dwarfism
2. Low intellectual development
3. poor development of secondary
sexual characteristics
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 8
HYPOPITUITARISM

9. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 9

10. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 10

11. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 11

12. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 12

13. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
1. Provide emotional support to the
family
2. Encourage client and family to
express feelings
3. Administer prescribed hormonal
replacement therapy
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 13

14. HYPERPITUITARISM
The hyper-secretion of the
gland
ACROMEGALY
CAUSES: tumor, congenital
disorder
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 14

15. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 15

16. HYPERPITUITARISM
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Depends on the hormone/s
that is/are increased
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 16

17. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 17

18. HYPERPITUITARISM
ASSESSMENT FINDINGS for
Hyper-pituitarism
1. Increased growth Gigantism
or Acromegaly
2. large and thick hands and feet
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 18

19. HYPERPITUITARISM
ASSESSMENT FINDINGS for Hyper-
pituitarism
3.Visual disturbances
4. Hypertension, hyperglycemia
5. Organomegaly
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 19

20. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 20

21. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 21

22. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
1. Provide emotional support to
clients and family
2. Provide frequent skin care
3. Prepare patient for surgery-
removal of pituitary gland
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 22

23. Post-operative care:
1. MonitorVS, LOC and neurologic
status
2. Place patient on Semi-Fowler’s
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 23
NURSING INTERVENTIONS

24. Post-operative care:
3. Monitor for Increased ICP,
bleeding, CSF leakage
4. Instruct patient to AVOID
sneezing, coughing and nose-
blowing
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 24
NURSING INTERVENTIONS

25. Post-operative care:
5. Monitor development of DI-
measure I and O
6. Administer prescribed
medications- antibiotics,
analgesics and steroids
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 25
NURSING INTERVENTIONS

26. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 26

27. DIABETES INSIPIDUS
A hypo-secretion of ADH
CAUSES: Conditions that
increase ICP, Surgical removal
of post pit. tumor
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 27

28. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 28

29. DIABETES INSIPIDUS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Decreased ADH failure of tubular
re-absorption of water
increased urine volume
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 29

30. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 30

31. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 31

32. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 32

33. ASSESSMENT findings
1. Polyuria of more than 4
liters of urine/day
2. Polydipsia
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 33
DIABETES INSIPIDUS

34. ASSESSMENT findings
3. Signs of Dehydration
4. Muscle pain and weakness
5. Postural hypotension and
tachycardia
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 34
DIABETES INSIPIDUS

35. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 35

36. DIAGNOSTICTEST
1. Urinary Specific gravity
very low, 1.006 or less
2. Serum Sodium levels high
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 36
DIABETES INSIPIDUS

37. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
1.MonitorVS, neurologic status
and cardiovascular status
2. Monitor Intake and Output
3. Monitor urine specific gravity
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 37

38. 4. Provide adequate fluids
5. Administer Chlorpropamide or
Clofibrate as prescribed to
increase the action of ADH if
decreased
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 38
NURSING INTERVENTIONS

39. 6. AdministerVASOPRESIN.
Desmopressin or Lypressin are
given intranasal. Pitressin is
given IM
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 39
NURSING INTERVENTIONS

40. SIADH
Syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone secretion
(SIADH) is characterised by
excessive secretion of antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) from the posterior
pituitary gland or another source.
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 40

41. AN ILLUSTRATION OF HOW SERUM OSMOLALITY IS
REGULATED IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS.
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 41

42. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 42

43. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Increased ADH water re-
absorption water
intoxication, hypervolemia
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 43
SIADH

44. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 44

45. BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 45

46. DIAGNOSTICTEST
1. Urine specific gravity is
increased (concentrated)
2. Hyponatremia
3. CBC shows hemodilution
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 46

47. ASSESSMENT FINDINGS
1. Signs of Hypervolemia
2. Mental status changes
3. Abnormal weight gain
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 47

48. ASSESSMENT FINDINGS
4. Hypertension
5. Anorexia, Nausea and
Vomiting
6. HYPOnatremia
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 48

49. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
1. MonitorVS and neurologic status
2. Provide safe environment
3. Restrict fluid intake (less than
500cc/day)
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 49

50. 4. Monitor I and O and daily weight
5. Administer Diuretics and IVF carefully
6. Administer prescribed Demeclocycline
to inhibit action of ADH in the kidney
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 50
NURSING INTERVENTIONS

51. REFERENCES
 Active Learning for the Medical Sciences. (n.d.). Ditki Medical &
Biological Sciences. Retrieved September 8, 2023, from
https://drawittoknowit.com/course/pathology/glossary/patho
physiologic-disorder/hypopituitarism
 Team, H.J. (2018). Hypopituitarism Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis,
Treatment. [online] Health Jade. Available at:
https://healthjade.com/hypopituitarism/ [Accessed 8 Sep.
2023].
 Hyperpituitarism: overview, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and
management - Healthsoul. (2019, November 21).
https://www.healthsoul.com/blog/hyperpituitarism-overview-
symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-management

BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 51

52. REFERENCES
 Diabetes - Types, Symptoms, Causes, Complications and
Prevention. (2023, February 9). Www.pacehospital.com.
https://www.pacehospital.com/diabetes-types-symptoms-
causes-and-complications
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III 52