This document discusses the structure and function of the five basic sense organs - ear, tongue, skin, eyes, and nose - and some common disorders associated with each. For each sense organ, it describes the main anatomical structures and their functions. It then lists several examples of disorders that can affect each organ, such as ear infections and deafness for the ear, ulcers and cancer for the tongue, eczema and psoriasis for the skin, refractive errors and cataracts for the eyes, and sinusitis and nasal polyps for the nose. The overall purpose is to provide an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the five senses and some related pathological conditions.

1. Sharadchandra Pawar College of Pharmacy
At - Dumberwadi Post - Otur, Tal - Junnar, National
Highway 222, Dumbarwadi, Maharashtra 412409
TOPIC: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SENSORY ORGAN

2. INTRODUCTION ABOUT DISORDERS OF SENSE
ORGANS
Sense organs are the specialized organs composed of sensory
neurons, which help us to perceive and respond to our
surroundings. There are five sense organs –
1. Ear
2. Tongue
3. Skin
4. Eyes
5. Nose

3. 1. EAR
Structure of ear:
• External ear
Auricle/Pinna
Auditory Canal
Ear Drum
• Middle ear
Auditory Ossicles
Oval Window
Eustachian Tube
• Inner ear
Semicircular Canals
Vestibule
Cochlea
Functions of Ear:
• Hearing
• Balance
Fig. Structure of Ear

4. Disorders:
Acoustic neuroma. An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumour
that grows in the acoustic or eighth cranial nerve. ...
Deafness. Deafness is a complete loss of hearing. ...
Earache. Earache is common and it's often the result of an ear
infection. ...
Ear infection. ...
Ear wax. ...
Fluid from the ear. ...
Glue ear. ...
Hearing loss.

5. 2.TONGUE:
1. Muscles:
• Intrinsic Muscles
• Extrinsic Muscles:
2. Papillae:
• Filiform Papillae:
• Fungiform Papillae:
• Circumvallate Papillae:
3. Taste Buds:
4. Epithelium:
5. Lingual Frenulum:
Structures of Tongue:
Functions of Tongue:
1. Suckling in infants
2. Mastication
3. Mixing of food with saliva
4. Formation of food bolous
5. Position of food between teeth
Fig: Structure of Tongue

6. Disorders:
1. Ulcers of tongue: Infective ulcers like
 HERPES SIMPLEX
 Lichen planus
 Carcinoma
2. Glossitis:
 Nutritional deficiencies, pernicious anemia Candidosis cause inflammation Sorness of tongue
 Causes due to deficiency of iron, Folic acid Vitamin B12 QVB
3. Geographic Tongue :- characterized by Smooth red patches that shift location on the tongue over time
4. LEUKoplakia: Thick, white patches on the tongue's Surface, often linked. to tobacco use
5. ORAL CANCER :- The tongue is susceptible to cancer, especially in individuals who smoke or consume
alcohol

7. 3. SKIN:
Structure of Skin:
Skin consist of Three
layers as follows:
1. Epidermis:
2. Dermis:
3. Hypodermis:
Functions:
1. Protection
2. Sensory Functions
3. Excertion
4. Regulation of Body
temperature
Fig: Structure of Skin

8. Disorders:
 1. Eczema (Dermatitis): A group of conditions causing skin inflammation,
redness, and itching. Atopic dermatitis is a prevalent form often linked to
allergies.
 2. Psoriasis: An autoimmune disease causing rapid skin cell growth, leading
to thick, scaly patches. It can affect various body parts.
 3. Acne: Common during puberty, acne results from clogged hair follicles,
leading to pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads.
 4. Rosacea: Chronic inflammation of facial skin, causing redness, visible
blood vessels, and sometimes small, red, pus-filled bumps.
 5. Vitiligo: A condition where the skin loses pigment, resulting in white
patches. The cause is not entirely understood.

9. 4. EYES:
Structure of Eyes:
The Structure of eyes divided into 2 Major parts:
1. Acessory Structure of eyes
2. Eye ball
Acessory Structure of eyes includes:
• Eye Brow
• Eye lids
• Lacrimal Gland
Eye Ball
• Fibrous layer
• Vascular layer
• Inner layer
Functions
• Vision
• Tear Production
• Reflexes
Fig: Structure of Eye

10. Disorders:
 1. Refractive Errors: Conditions like nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness
(hyperopia), and astigmatism result from the eye's inability to properly focus light,
leading to blurred vision.
 2. Cataracts: Clouding of the eye's natural lens, often due to aging, causing blurred
vision, sensitivity to light, and difficulty seeing in low light.
 3. Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear tissue
covering the white part of the eye. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or
allergens.
 4. Dry Eye Syndrome: Insufficient tears or poor-quality tears lead to dryness,
irritation, and discomfort. It can result from aging, medications, or environmental
factors.
 5. Color Blindness: Difficulty distinguishing certain colors due to a genetic or
acquired deficiency in color-sensitive cells.

11. 5. NOSE:
Structure of Nose:
Structure of Nose can be divided into two major parts
External Structure.
1. Bridge:
2. Tip:-
3. Nostrils
4. Septum:-
Internal Structures-
1. Nasal cavity.
2. Olfactory epithelium:
3. Sinuses:
4. Turbinates
Functions
1. Breathing
2. Cleansing
3. Smell
4. Voice
Fig: Structure of Nose

12. Disorders:
Nasal polyps
 Nasal polyps are those soft. abnormal growths from the sinuses cavities on the surface of the
nasal mucosa.
 Symptoms- Headaches, Snoring, Running Nose, Distorted sense of Small, etc
 Treatment-Avoid all medication that contain aspirin Avoid over the counter nasal sprays FESS,
which is a surgical method
RHINITIS MEDICA MENTOSA
 RHINITIS MEDICA MENTOSA: It is a condition of relround nasal congestion brought on by
extended use of topical decongestants and that work together constricting blood nose in the
lining of the nose.
 Causes-Pregnancy, Chronic rhinosinusitis to overuse of drugs, etc
 Treatment-Treatment of Rhinitis medicament as involveds withdrawal of the offending nasal spray
by the surgery.

13. CHRONIC SINUSITIS
CHRONIC SINUSITIS: It is the inflammation and infection of the air -
filled spaces that are located within the bones around the nose.
Cause-Pregnancy, Nasal Tumors, Love humidity, etc.
Symptom- Sneezing, Tiredness, Running, Nose, Severe headache.
etc.
Treatment-
Humidifier medications
Possible surgery