Presentation at "Countering Online Disinformation: Towards a more transparent, trustworthy and accountable digital media ecosystem", hosted by the European Commission, January 29, 2019, Brussels
What are the effects of a changing media landscape on democracy?Rasmus Kleis Nielsen
In this presentation, based on work-in-progress with Richard Fletcher, I pull together key empirical observations on how the move to a more digital, mobile, and platform-dominated media environment is changing the news media as an institution, what that means for how individuals get news, and discuss what the democratic implications might be (dependent on context and normative values).
Much of the public is increasingly turning their back on journalism, finding that news is not relevant to them, that they cannot trust it, or even find it to be actively antithetical to their values.
How can journalism respond to this combination of threats and renew the public connection that is the premise of journalism as a profession, as a public institution, and as a business?
What combination of editorial, technological, and other responses might help us as we risk losing touch with the public we serve?
(Presentation given at the 2019 World News Media Congress in Glasgow.)
If we want to understand and address problems of misinformation, we need to understand not only the content itself, but also how it reaches people, how they see it, and who they as a consequence should do something about it. This presentation shows how the move to distributed discovery is demonstrably expanding people’s news diets but means people often don’t recognize brands, have low levels of trust in news overall - and especially news in search and social - and in many countries we see high levels of concern over what is real and what is fake in the news, concerns that are fanned by politicized use of the term “f*ke news” and wide attention to it and draw on deep-seated and much broader concerns that lead many to see publishers as responsible for main forms of what they see as misinformation.
This presentation collects key insights from the 2018 Reuters Institute Digital News Report on global trends in how people use news and media, developments in Asia-Pacific, and differences within the region.
Presentation to European Parliament on fake news, changes in our media environment, and what can be done to ensure news and media serve our democracies, with links to underlying independent, evidence-based research.
Three key points for news and media in 2018
1) Distributed discovery increasingly important, and social and search expose people to more sources of news, but brand recognition is low
2) Confidence in both social media and news media is low and people’s sense of what constitutes “fake news” is not what you think it is
3) The role of platforms is evolving as social media remains critical fr news but we see a shift to more ‘private’ messaging apps (is voice next?)
What are the effects of a changing media landscape on democracy?Rasmus Kleis Nielsen
In this presentation, based on work-in-progress with Richard Fletcher, I pull together key empirical observations on how the move to a more digital, mobile, and platform-dominated media environment is changing the news media as an institution, what that means for how individuals get news, and discuss what the democratic implications might be (dependent on context and normative values).
Much of the public is increasingly turning their back on journalism, finding that news is not relevant to them, that they cannot trust it, or even find it to be actively antithetical to their values.
How can journalism respond to this combination of threats and renew the public connection that is the premise of journalism as a profession, as a public institution, and as a business?
What combination of editorial, technological, and other responses might help us as we risk losing touch with the public we serve?
(Presentation given at the 2019 World News Media Congress in Glasgow.)
If we want to understand and address problems of misinformation, we need to understand not only the content itself, but also how it reaches people, how they see it, and who they as a consequence should do something about it. This presentation shows how the move to distributed discovery is demonstrably expanding people’s news diets but means people often don’t recognize brands, have low levels of trust in news overall - and especially news in search and social - and in many countries we see high levels of concern over what is real and what is fake in the news, concerns that are fanned by politicized use of the term “f*ke news” and wide attention to it and draw on deep-seated and much broader concerns that lead many to see publishers as responsible for main forms of what they see as misinformation.
This presentation collects key insights from the 2018 Reuters Institute Digital News Report on global trends in how people use news and media, developments in Asia-Pacific, and differences within the region.
Presentation to European Parliament on fake news, changes in our media environment, and what can be done to ensure news and media serve our democracies, with links to underlying independent, evidence-based research.
Three key points for news and media in 2018
1) Distributed discovery increasingly important, and social and search expose people to more sources of news, but brand recognition is low
2) Confidence in both social media and news media is low and people’s sense of what constitutes “fake news” is not what you think it is
3) The role of platforms is evolving as social media remains critical fr news but we see a shift to more ‘private’ messaging apps (is voice next?)
Do people remember the news brand when they visit a story via a social media or search engines? By employing a tracking study and a survey we find that less than half could remember the name of the news brand when visiting a story via a sideways access.
Are digital and social media fuelling a more partisan, less rational political discourse? With more people relying on social media for news , both the Brexit result in the UK and the rise of Donald Trump in the US have raised concerns around the growth of echo chambers and the reliability and accuracy of news on social media - while trust in mainstream news is low in many countries.
The Reuters Institute has released the results of qualitative research conducted in February 2016 by Kantar Media, looking at issues of brand and trust in an increasingly fragmented distributed news environments, where aggregators and social media play a key role. The project covers four countries – Germany, Spain, the UK and US – with a series of pre-tasked discussion groups, allowing for detailed investigation into people’s digital news habits and preferences.
Presentation by Samantha Bradshaw at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
The Power of Platforms - Inaugural lecture by Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, U of OxfordRasmus Kleis Nielsen
Platform companies like Facebook, Google, Twitter and others like them are amongst the driving forces in a profound transformation of our societies. This lecture focuses on the distinct forms of “platform power” that they exercise. It identifies five key aspects of platform power (standards, connections, automated action at scale, secrecy, and fungibility) and show how platform power is profoundly enabling, transformative, and productive, animated by how platforms empower other actors while also making them more dependent. Platform power is deeply relational and not a sovereign power that platform companies possess and can use at their pleasure—but it is a form of power nonetheless, tied to the institutional and strategic interests of platform companies themselves, and driving a structural transformation in our media environment and political life.
Prof Vian Bakir on COVID-19 as a global risk issue, suffused with uncertainty. On an inadequate foundation of knowledge about the virus, and with high potential for societal mood swings, governments across the world are instructing their citizens to engage in profound and rapid behaviour change (e.g. lockdowns, social distancing, better hygiene) in what can be characterised as a post-truth universe. The World Health Organisation announced in mid-February 2020 that the new COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by a ‘massive “infodemic” - an over-abundance of information – some accurate and some not – that makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it’. This talk discusses the scale and character of COVID-19 false information, and considers a range of multi-stakeholder solutions available to solve the ‘wicked problem’ of eliminating the spread and impact of false information on COVID-19.
Fake News, Algorithmic Accountability and the Role of Data Journalism in the ...Liliana Bounegru
Talk given at the workshop 'How Can Public Interest Journalism Hold Algorithms to Account?' at the University of Cambridge on 23 March 2017.
More about the talk can be found here: http://lilianabounegru.org/2017/03/27/fake-news-algorithmic-accountability-data-journalism-post-truth-university-of-cambridge/
More about the workshop can be found here: http://www.crassh.cam.ac.uk/events/27130
Across 18-19 April 2017, the UK Parliament’s Culture, Media and Sport Committee published the 79 written submissions to its Fake News Inquiry. These submissions show us that we need to devote much more attention to addressing emotive, targeted deception by professional persuaders and the Public Relations (PR) industry, and that this issue may merit its own parliamentary inquiry into Deception in Political Campaigning. I discuss this in relation to two deceptive, emotive political campaigns from 2016 - the US presidential election and the UK's referendum on Brexit.
The Rise of Platforms: findings, questions, challenges, and opportunities for...Rasmus Kleis Nielsen
We know that platforms are increasingly integral to at least a small part of almost everything almost everybody does almost everywhere, including many parts of political communication processes, from the production of content, over its distribution, to its consumption, to the actions that follows next. Simply put, if we don’t study platforms, we are studying the past, not the present and future of political communication. Our field brings much to this with its emphasis on both short-term individual-level attitudinal and behavioral effects and the study of longer-term institutional implications. To pursue these research opportunities we have to (1) handle challenges of methods and access to data, (2) the fact that political communication is a small part of very, very large platforms, and (3) get beyond our comfort zone and read more scholarship from outside political communication.
This is an invited talk I presented at the University of Zurich, speakers' series 2.10.2017. The presentation is based on the following paper: Brandtzaeg, P. B., & Følstad, A. (2017). Trust and distrust in online fact-checking services. Communications of the ACM. 60(9): 65-71
Social Media and the News: Approaches to the Spread of (Mis)informationAxel Bruns
Paper presented by Axel Bruns as part of the workshop Integrity 2021: Integrity in Social Networks and Media at the 14th ACM Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) in Jerusalem, Israel, March 2021.
The Future of Newspapers and Magazines in the Digital EraElastic Path
Our latest survey uncovers consumer behaviors and attitudes towards print and digital media that can inform an approach. Newspaper and magazine publishers that are committed to finding new ways of differentiating and continuously improving their offerings to better meet the needs of their readers will outlive competitors in this rapidly evolving digital era.
Do people remember the news brand when they visit a story via a social media or search engines? By employing a tracking study and a survey we find that less than half could remember the name of the news brand when visiting a story via a sideways access.
Are digital and social media fuelling a more partisan, less rational political discourse? With more people relying on social media for news , both the Brexit result in the UK and the rise of Donald Trump in the US have raised concerns around the growth of echo chambers and the reliability and accuracy of news on social media - while trust in mainstream news is low in many countries.
The Reuters Institute has released the results of qualitative research conducted in February 2016 by Kantar Media, looking at issues of brand and trust in an increasingly fragmented distributed news environments, where aggregators and social media play a key role. The project covers four countries – Germany, Spain, the UK and US – with a series of pre-tasked discussion groups, allowing for detailed investigation into people’s digital news habits and preferences.
Presentation by Samantha Bradshaw at the 2019 CMPF Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners - Covering Political Campaigns in the Age of Data, Algorithms & Artificial Intelligence
The Power of Platforms - Inaugural lecture by Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, U of OxfordRasmus Kleis Nielsen
Platform companies like Facebook, Google, Twitter and others like them are amongst the driving forces in a profound transformation of our societies. This lecture focuses on the distinct forms of “platform power” that they exercise. It identifies five key aspects of platform power (standards, connections, automated action at scale, secrecy, and fungibility) and show how platform power is profoundly enabling, transformative, and productive, animated by how platforms empower other actors while also making them more dependent. Platform power is deeply relational and not a sovereign power that platform companies possess and can use at their pleasure—but it is a form of power nonetheless, tied to the institutional and strategic interests of platform companies themselves, and driving a structural transformation in our media environment and political life.
Prof Vian Bakir on COVID-19 as a global risk issue, suffused with uncertainty. On an inadequate foundation of knowledge about the virus, and with high potential for societal mood swings, governments across the world are instructing their citizens to engage in profound and rapid behaviour change (e.g. lockdowns, social distancing, better hygiene) in what can be characterised as a post-truth universe. The World Health Organisation announced in mid-February 2020 that the new COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by a ‘massive “infodemic” - an over-abundance of information – some accurate and some not – that makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it’. This talk discusses the scale and character of COVID-19 false information, and considers a range of multi-stakeholder solutions available to solve the ‘wicked problem’ of eliminating the spread and impact of false information on COVID-19.
Fake News, Algorithmic Accountability and the Role of Data Journalism in the ...Liliana Bounegru
Talk given at the workshop 'How Can Public Interest Journalism Hold Algorithms to Account?' at the University of Cambridge on 23 March 2017.
More about the talk can be found here: http://lilianabounegru.org/2017/03/27/fake-news-algorithmic-accountability-data-journalism-post-truth-university-of-cambridge/
More about the workshop can be found here: http://www.crassh.cam.ac.uk/events/27130
Across 18-19 April 2017, the UK Parliament’s Culture, Media and Sport Committee published the 79 written submissions to its Fake News Inquiry. These submissions show us that we need to devote much more attention to addressing emotive, targeted deception by professional persuaders and the Public Relations (PR) industry, and that this issue may merit its own parliamentary inquiry into Deception in Political Campaigning. I discuss this in relation to two deceptive, emotive political campaigns from 2016 - the US presidential election and the UK's referendum on Brexit.
The Rise of Platforms: findings, questions, challenges, and opportunities for...Rasmus Kleis Nielsen
We know that platforms are increasingly integral to at least a small part of almost everything almost everybody does almost everywhere, including many parts of political communication processes, from the production of content, over its distribution, to its consumption, to the actions that follows next. Simply put, if we don’t study platforms, we are studying the past, not the present and future of political communication. Our field brings much to this with its emphasis on both short-term individual-level attitudinal and behavioral effects and the study of longer-term institutional implications. To pursue these research opportunities we have to (1) handle challenges of methods and access to data, (2) the fact that political communication is a small part of very, very large platforms, and (3) get beyond our comfort zone and read more scholarship from outside political communication.
This is an invited talk I presented at the University of Zurich, speakers' series 2.10.2017. The presentation is based on the following paper: Brandtzaeg, P. B., & Følstad, A. (2017). Trust and distrust in online fact-checking services. Communications of the ACM. 60(9): 65-71
Social Media and the News: Approaches to the Spread of (Mis)informationAxel Bruns
Paper presented by Axel Bruns as part of the workshop Integrity 2021: Integrity in Social Networks and Media at the 14th ACM Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) in Jerusalem, Israel, March 2021.
The Future of Newspapers and Magazines in the Digital EraElastic Path
Our latest survey uncovers consumer behaviors and attitudes towards print and digital media that can inform an approach. Newspaper and magazine publishers that are committed to finding new ways of differentiating and continuously improving their offerings to better meet the needs of their readers will outlive competitors in this rapidly evolving digital era.
In our current social and political landscape, ‘Fake News’ has dominated the global conversation, but how do we recognize what is mis- and disinformation? And how can we contain it?
In this webinar, we take a closer look at this pressing issue, and how to use technology to mitigate the effects of misinformation and fight distrust.
Presentation - Understanding the Landscape of Disinformation in the Media Ag...Amir Jahangir
Unraveling the Web: Mastering Narratives to Counter Disinformation and Shape a Resilient Future for Pakistan
Introduction
Disinformation as a Tool of Influence
Defining Disinformation
Its Impact on the Environment
The Current Global Landscape (2023)
Understanding the Usage Paradox
Examining the Pakistan Landscape (2023)
The Changing Face of Reality
Reality in the Physical World
Reality in the Digital World
Mixed Reality: Blurring Boundaries
The Changing Pakistan
Embracing Change
Evolving Realities
Exploring Different Realms of Reality
Relevance to Audience
Generating Information in the Evolving Landscape
Importance of Credible Sources of Information
Dealing with Information
Information Disorder and its Implications
The Role of Credibility in News Consumption
The Fourth Industrial Revolution
Shifting Industry Dynamics
Balancing Information Accessibility with Credibility
The Biggest Risks for 2024
Projecting Risks Faced by 4 Billion People in 60 Countries
Conclusion
Importance of Navigating Disinformation in Shaping a Resilient Future
Encouraging Audience Engagement and Inquiry
Thank You
Backup Slides
Information vs. News: Understanding Credibility
Prevailing and Emerging Trends in Media Consumption
Industry Realignment: Adapting to Changing Media Consumption Patterns
[2018] Tech Trends For Journalism and Media – The Future Today InstituteFilipp Paster
Key Takeaways
2018 marks the beginning of the end of smartphones in the world's largest economies. What's coming next are conversational interfaces with zero-UIs. This will radically change the media landscape, and now is the best time to start thinking through future scenarios.
In 2018, a critical mass of emerging technologies will converge finding advanced uses beyond initial testing and applied research. That’s a signal worth paying attention to. News organizations should devote attention to emerging trends in voice interfaces, the decentralization of content, mixed reality, new types of search, and hardware (such as CubeSats and smart cameras).
Journalists need to understand what artificial intelligence is, what it is not, and what it means for the future of news. AI research has advanced enough that it is now a core component of our work at FTI. You will see the AI ecosystem represented in many of the trends in this report, and it is vitally important that all decision-makers within news organizations familiarize themselves with the current and emerging AI landscapes. We have included an AI Primer For Journalists in our Trend Report this year to aid in that effort.
Decentralization emerged as a key theme for 2018. Among the companies and organizations FTI covers, we discovered a new emphasis on restricted peer-to-peer networks to detect harassment, share resources and connect with sources. There is also a push by some democratic governments around the world to divide internet access and to restrict certain content, effectively creating dozens of “splinternets.”
Consolidation is also a key theme for 2018. News brands, broadcast spectrum, and artificial intelligence startups will continue to be merged with and acquired by relatively few corporations. Pending legislation and policy in the U.S., E.U. and in parts of Asia could further concentrate the power among a small cadre of information and technology organizations in the year ahead.
To understand the future of news, you must pay attention to the future of many industries and research areas in the coming year. When journalists think about the future, they should broaden the usual scope to consider developments from myriad other fields also participating in the knowledge economy. Technology begets technology. We are witnessing an explosion in slow motion.
Fake news detection for Arabic headlines-articles news data using deep learningIJECEIAES
Fake news has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. The evolution of social websites has spurred the expansion of fake news causing it to a mixture with truthful information. English fake news detection had the largest share of studies, unlike Arabic fake news detection, which is still very limited. Fake news phenomenon has changed people and social perspectives through revolts in several Arab countries. False news results in the distortion of reality ignite chaos and stir public judgments. This paper provides an Arabic fake news detection approach using different deep learning models including long short-term memory and convolutional neural network based on article-headline pairs to differentiate if a news headline is in fact related or unrelated to the parallel news article. In this paper, a dataset created about the war in Syria and related to the Middle East political issues is utilized. The whole data comprises 422 claims and 3,042 articles. The models yield promising results.
This report by Nic Newman looks ahead at the trends in media and technology that will shape the news industry in 2018. This will be a critical year for the relationship between publishers and platforms, as companies like Google and Facebook fight a rising tide of criticism about their impact on society – and on journalism. News business models are shifting from advertising towards subscription and other forms of reader payment. 2018 will also see a renewed focus on data – as the ability to collect, process, and use it effectively proves a key differentiator.
Media companies will be actively moving customers from the ‘anonymous to the known’ so they can develop more loyal relationships and prepare for an era of more personalised services. The era of Artificial Intelligence will bring new opportunities for creativity and for efficiency – but also for greater misinformation and manipulation.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Disinformation — Ppublic perceptions and practical responses
1. Rasmus Kleis Nielsen
Director, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
Countering Online Disinformation: Towards a more
transparent, trustworthy and accountable digital media
ecosystem
European Commission, January 29, 2019
DISINFORMATION —
Public perceptions and
practical responses
@rasmus_kleis
@risj_oxford
2. 2
Q10a_new2017_rc. Which of these was the
MAIN way in which you came across news in
the last week? Base: All/under 35s that used
a gateway to news in the last week: All
markets = 69246/19755.
See Newman et al (2018) 2018 Reuters Institute Digital News Report.
The rise of distributed discovery
All markets
3. Far from creating filter bubbles, distributed discovery
often exposes people to more sources
3
Automated serendipity means that
people who use search and social
media (and news aggregators) tend
to use more sources of news and
greater diversity of sources than
those that don’t
The effect of incidental exposure to
news on social media is particularly
clear for the young and those least
interested in news
See e.g. Fletcher and Nielsen (2018) “Are people incidentally exposed to news on
social media? A comparative analysis,” New Media & Society 20 (7): 2450-2468
4. 4
“IT’S THEIR JOB … TO
REPORT THE FACTS”
Q2. You recently viewed a story with the headline X. On which of the following news websites did you read this story? If you read it on more than one, please
select all that apply. Showing share of correct brand attributions. Base: Direct 1,098/ Search 1,022/ Social 1,008 (Facebook 795, Twitter 194)
2X difference
But brand attribution is a problem …
Fewer than half can remember the news brand that produced a story when
coming from social media or search
See e.g. Kalogeropoulos et al (2018) “News brand attribution in distributed
environments: Do people know where they get their news?,” New Media & Society
5. 5
ALL 37 MARKETS - % THAT TRUST EACH MOST OF THE TIME
Uncertainty in distributed environments, information
unchecked, hard to distinguish news from rumor...
Mostly this about trust in mainstream media
and in the sources that people use
Trust news
I use
44%
Trust news
overall
51%
Trust news
in search
34%
Trust news
in social
23%
See Newman et al (2018) 2018 Reuters Institute Digital News Report.
… as is trust
6. 85%
71% 69% 66% 66% 66% 65% 64% 63% 63% 62% 61% 60% 60% 60% 60% 58% 57% 55% 53% 51% 50% 50% 49% 49% 48% 47% 46% 44% 43% 42% 41% 38% 37% 36% 36%
30%
54%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
6
Q_FAKE_NEWS_1. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statement. “Thinking about online news, I am concerned about what is real and what is fake on the
internet.” Base: Total sample in each market
Brazil
Issue in the elections
Spain
Catalan independence
a flashpoint
Germany
Low level concern
post election
USA
Popularised by Trump
and the media itself
See Newman et al (2018) 2018 Reuters Institute Digital News Report.
Varied concern over whether online news is real or fake
7. See Nielsen and Graves (2017) “’News you don’t believe’: Audience Perspectives
on Fake News”.
Audience perspectives on “fake news”
8. 8
What type of ‘f*ke news’ do people say they are EXPOSED to?
ALL MARKETS
see poor
journalism,
mistakes and
clickbait every
week
42% complain about
spin and agenda-
filled news
39% say they have
been exposed to
completely made
up news
26%
Only
See Newman et al (2018) 2018 Reuters Institute Digital News Report.
Audience definitions of problem are much wider
9. 9
See Newman et al (2018) 2018 Reuters Institute Digital News Report.
Concern versus exposure to types of misinformation etc
Q_FAKE_NEWS_2. To what extent, if at all, are you concerned about the following and Q_FAKE_NEWS_3. In the LAST WEEK which of the following have you personally come across? Please select all that apply.
Base: All markets 2018 – USA: 2401; UK: 2117; Germany: 2038; France: 2006; Italy: 2040; Spain: 2023; Portugal: 2008; Ireland: 2007; Norway: 2027; Sweden: 2016; Finland: 2012; Denmark: 2025; Belgium: 2006; Netherlands: 2010; Switzerland: 2120; Austria: 2010; Hungary: 2005; Slovakia: 2006; Czech
Republic: 2020; Poland: 2005; Romania: 2048; Bulgaria: 2021; Croatia: 2010; Greece: 2014; Turkey:2019; Japan: 2033; Korea: 2010; Taiwan: 1008; Hong Kong: 2016; Malaysia: 2013; Singapore: 2018; Australia: 2026; Canada: 2022; Brazil: 2007; Argentina: 2012; Chile: 2008; Mexico: 2007
10. 10
3. GOVERNMENT
61%
1. PUBLISHERS
75%
2. PLATFORMS
71%
41%60%
“It’s free speech right?
(F, 20-29, USA)
“content is now removed
within a few hours.”
(M, 30–45, Germany)
See Newman et al (2018) 2018 Reuters Institute Digital News Report.
Who bears the biggest responsibility to fix the problems?
Q_FAKE_NEWS_4_2_1-3. Please indicate your agreement with the following statements. Technology companies/media companies/the government should do more to make it easier to separate
what is real and fake on the internet. Base: All with very low/low/high/very high news literacy: Selected markets = 11149/11898/8069/3790.
11. Key points
The move to
distributed
discovery is
demonstrably
expanding people’s
news diets…
… and in many
countries we see
high levels of
concern over what
is real and what is
fake in the news…
… concerns that are
fanned by
politicized use of
the term “f*ke
news” and wide
attention to it and
draw on deep-
seated and much
broader concerns
tied to publishing
and politics …
… but people often
don’t recognize
brands, have low
levels of trust in
news overall, and
especially news in
search and
social…
… concerns that
lead many to see
news media and
politicians as
among those
responsible for
key forms of
what they see as
misinformation.
12. @rasmus_kleis
EUROPE’S FIGHT AGAINST DISINFORMATION
We are still looking for easy wins and clear enemies.
Ideally easy wins that can be delivered via technology, and by technology companies, in a way that
doesn’t cost anything and doesn’t piss anyone off.
That’s a first important step, and we should keep the pressure up, but (a) it ain’t gonna cut it, and (b)
these measures always carry the risk of unintended consequences, including asking already powerful
platform companies to exercise even more power, often on an opaque basis.
And beyond the Russian government’s information operations, clear, agreed-upon enemies are in
short supply – which means that, a year on, we have made little progress especially on two core parts
of the problem: powerful people who lie and bottom-up misinformation spread by ordinary people
acting in good faith.
And so far, most public authorities in Europe have been unable or unwilling to invest in significantly
strengthening the institutions that would increase our societal resilience against these problems,
perhaps because strengthening independent news media and increasing population-wide media
literacy is expensive and slow.
If we continue to be up unable to reach a broad-based consensus on what exactly constitutes
misinformation we may have to accept that it will be politically impossible (and basically illegitimate in
the eyes of the public) to intervene at scale against content, and instead have to focus on (a)
combating truly atrocious and demonstrably harmful activity and (b) enhance our resilience to wider
problems by supporting independent news media and population-wide media literacy.