Disinfectants uses from medical aspects

1. -KIRAN PADHY
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS

2. -Introduction
-Definition
-Ideal properties
-Uses
-Classification
-Mode of action
-What should we do to stay safe??

3. Q)What are Coronaviruses(CoV) ?
Ans:-
- CoV are a large family of viruses that cause illness
ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases
such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV)
and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS-CoV).
- Coronaviruses contain a positive-sense, single-stranded
RNA genome.
-The genome size is one of the largest
among RNA viruses
(26.4 to 31.7 kilobases) .
-A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a
new strain that hasn’t been
previously identified in humans.

4.  Routes of trasmission :-
The virus is transmitted mainly via the respiratory route,
when people inhale droplets and particles that infected people
release as they breathe, talk, cough, sneeze.
SYMPTOMS :-
Mild to Moderate-
1)A persistent cough
2)Shortness of breath
3)Pain and tightening in the chest
4)Fever
5)Fatigue
6)Loss of the senses of taste and smell
Severe :-
1) Difficulty in breathing
2) Low levels of oxygen in the blood
3) Lung injuries
4) Pneumonia
5) Pulmonary edema

5. Disinfectants are chemical agents designed to
inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert
surfaces.
What is disinfection ?
-It means the destruction of all pathogen or
organisms capable of producing infections but
not necessarily spores.
-All organisms may not be killed but the no. Is
reduced to a level that is no longer harmful to
health .

6. 1)Broad spectrum
2)Non toxic
3)Fast acting
4)Odourless
5)Surface compatibility
6)Economical
7)Easy to use
8)Solubility and Miscibility
9)Not affected by the physical factors
10)Stable on storage

7. 1)Acids and alkaline
2)Halogens
3)Heavy metals
4)Phenol and its derivatives
5)Alochols
6)Aldehydes
7)Quaternary ammonium compounds
8)Dyes
9)Detergents and Soaps

8. -Sterilisation of materials ,instruments, used
in surgical and diagnostic procedures.
- For media and reagents used in
microbiology laboratory.

9. Quaternary ammonium compounds:-
-Quaternary ammonium compounds are widely used for the
control of microorganisms on floor , walls, nursing homes and
other public places.
-Also used as skin antiseptics and as sanitizing agents .
DYES:-
-Used too inhibit the bacterial growth .
-Basic dyes are more effective bactericides.
- Ex:- Acridine and triphenylmethane (antimicrobial agents)
Detergents and soaps:-
-They are widely used as surface acting agents ,wetting agents
and emulsifiers.
-Classified into 4 main groups –
1)Cationic surface active agents :-Cetrimide, Bezalkonium
chloride.
2)Anionic compounds :-Soap and sodium lauryl sulfate.
3)Non-ionic detergents:- Do not possess anti-microbial
activity.
4)Amphoteric Compounds:-Tego compounds

11. 1)Air Purifiers:-
-The air purifiers were originally created to combat air pollution in
general but their capacity to capture and kill micron level
particles means they can easily destroy COVID-19 and similar
viruses.
-Allows dentists to perform AGPs safely.
-The air purifiers also remove other pollutants such as nitrogen and
sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, bacteria, formaldehyde,
odour from tobacco and alcohol, along with some of the smallest
pollutant and micron-level particles from the air.
-The air purifiers are highly energy efficient with low running costs.

13. -It is a broad-spectrum disinfectant that is effective for
the disinfection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mycobacterium
-Relatively cheap has a low viscosity, and it has a reasonable shelf
life.
-Safety
Sodium hypochlorite damages all living tissue except
keratinized epithelium , and bleaches most textiles, it must be
handled with care.
Staff should wear gloves, protective glasses and
protective clothing when loading syringes.
-Floors (clinical areas) – daily mopping
Detergent/ sanitizer-hot water,
sodium hypochlorite(1%) is used.
-0.01% hypochlorite is used clean
dental unit water channels.

14. 1)Chlorhexidine (CHX) is one of the most commonly prescribed
antiseptic agents in the dental field.
2)It has a long-lasting antibacterial activity with a broad-spectrum
of action and it has been shown to reduce plaque, gingival
inflammation and bleeding.
3)Reduce the number of microorganisms in aerosols and drops
during oral procedures.
4)Although there is still no clinical evidence that the use of
mouthwashes could prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the
American Dental Association (ADA) and the Center for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) have recommended the use of pre-
procedural mouthwashes before oral procedures.

15. - The potential role of povidine iodine (PVP-I) in the reduction of
the risk of cross infection and protection of dentists and other
HCW from COVID-19 .
-Clinical application of Povidine-iodine
Oral antiseptic 1%- (Betadine mouthwash)
Povidine-iodine skin antiseptic 10% (Betadine solution) for the
management of odontogenic and deep fascial space infection.
-PVP-I has a better anti-viral activity than other antiseptics such as
chlorhexidine, and has already been proven to be an effective
virucide in vitro against similar coronaviruses .
PVP-I has been shown to be a safe therapy when used as a
mouthwash or taken nasally.

16. -Protocolised nasal spray and oropharyngeal wash of PVP-I
should be used in the current COVID-19 pandemic to limit the
spread of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to healthcare workers
and potentially vice versa.
-They propose that no dental patient should be examined before
disinfection by PVP-I.

20. -Alteration of membrane permeability .
-Damage to protein.
-Rupture of cell membrane .
-Damage to nucleic acid.
-Interfere with metabolic pathway.

22. 1)Masks
2)PPE kit
3)Gloves
4)Safety goggles
5)Head Cap
6)Disposal covers
7)Face Shield
8)Timely vaccination process.
9)Sterilisation of instruments
10)Sanitizing infected areas

23. 1)Screen everyone who comes into your office.
2) Evaluate carefully the value of pre-treatment rinses
3) Choose efficacious PPE
4) Isolate the oral area to be treated from saliva
5) Always use high-velocity evacuation (HVE) and position it
correctly
6)Maintain dental unit waterlines and test regularly

27. THANK YOU ALL
S T A Y S A F E