This document discusses blockchain technology and its potential applications beyond cryptocurrencies. It begins by explaining that blockchain is a distributed ledger that records transactions in a verifiable and permanent way by linking transaction "blocks" together through cryptography. The document then discusses some challenges to implementing blockchain at scale, such as issues with scalability and privacy. It concludes by noting that blockchain is still in the early stages of development and experimentation, and many of its promised benefits have yet to be realized beyond small trials, especially in business-to-business applications.
This document discusses incorporating blockchain technology into supply chain management for tracking items through the supply chain and beyond. It begins with an executive overview, then provides background on blockchain including how it uses distributed databases of linked blocks to securely record transactions and share information. The document outlines potential applications of blockchain for supply chain management, as well as current commercial uses and alternative blockchain designs being developed.
This document discusses the strategic business value of blockchain technology. It finds that in the short term, blockchain's value will come mainly from cost reduction by removing intermediaries and streamlining processes. However, in the long term blockchain could enable new business models and revenue streams. Significant, scaled commercial applications of blockchain are likely three to five years away due to the need for standards development, technological advances, digitization of assets, and ecosystem development. The document provides a structured approach for companies to evaluate blockchain strategies and opportunities based on their market position as leaders, conveners, or followers.
Blockchain technology allows for a distributed ledger of transactions and digital events that is shared among participants in a network. It allows transactions to be verified through consensus, recorded immutably on the blockchain, and provides a verifiable record of all transactions. The document discusses how blockchain works through public and private networks and provides examples of applications in supply chain management, the Internet of Things, tracking origins of goods, and smart contracts. It also covers challenges and opportunities of adopting blockchain technology.
Distributed ledger technical research in central bank of brazilmustafa sarac
This document summarizes a report by the Central Bank of Brazil on its distributed ledger technology research. It provides an overview of the bank's research process, including analyzing potential use cases, examining platforms to develop prototypes, and addressing perceived privacy issues. The bank studied relevant projects, built experiments to test responses to privacy concerns, and hopes the lessons learned will inform future decisions on this technology. It also summarizes previous work by other financial institutions exploring distributed ledgers.
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for educationeraser Juan José Calderón
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education
Guang Chen1,2, Bing Xu1
, Manli Lu1 and Nian-Shing Chen3*
Abstract
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been
applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Keywords: Blockchain, Educational evaluation, Instructional design, Learning is earning
The Blockchain Imperative: The Next Challenge for P&C CarriersCognizant
Blockchain, a universal ledger and data-storage platform, can help P&C carriers address some of their most critical business challenges and significantly alter the way they operate. Although the technology has yet to achieve widespread adoption in the insurance space, the time is ripe for carriers to begin thinking about, exploring and experimenting with blockchain.
Foreword
This paper is the result of a research project carried out by Labs
in EVRY Financial Services during the fall of 2015. The content of
this report is the result of a comprehensive study, featuring online
sources, literary works, as well as recordings of financial
conferences such as Consensus 2015 and Fintech Week 2015.
We aim to provide a comprehensive report detailing the
opportunities, challenges and key success factors for financial
institutions looking to leverage the opportunities presented by
blockchain technology.
We hope you enjoy this study and that it helps give you greater
understanding.
Blockchain and its Use in the Public Sector - OECDOECD Governance
Presentation on the OECD Working Paper "Blockchains Unchained: Blockchain Technology and its use in the Public Sector". This guide aims to equip public servants with the necessary knowledge to understand what the Blockchain architecture is, the implications it could have on government services, and the opportunities and challenges governments may face as a result. For more information see oe.cd/blockchain
This document discusses incorporating blockchain technology into supply chain management for tracking items through the supply chain and beyond. It begins with an executive overview, then provides background on blockchain including how it uses distributed databases of linked blocks to securely record transactions and share information. The document outlines potential applications of blockchain for supply chain management, as well as current commercial uses and alternative blockchain designs being developed.
This document discusses the strategic business value of blockchain technology. It finds that in the short term, blockchain's value will come mainly from cost reduction by removing intermediaries and streamlining processes. However, in the long term blockchain could enable new business models and revenue streams. Significant, scaled commercial applications of blockchain are likely three to five years away due to the need for standards development, technological advances, digitization of assets, and ecosystem development. The document provides a structured approach for companies to evaluate blockchain strategies and opportunities based on their market position as leaders, conveners, or followers.
Blockchain technology allows for a distributed ledger of transactions and digital events that is shared among participants in a network. It allows transactions to be verified through consensus, recorded immutably on the blockchain, and provides a verifiable record of all transactions. The document discusses how blockchain works through public and private networks and provides examples of applications in supply chain management, the Internet of Things, tracking origins of goods, and smart contracts. It also covers challenges and opportunities of adopting blockchain technology.
Distributed ledger technical research in central bank of brazilmustafa sarac
This document summarizes a report by the Central Bank of Brazil on its distributed ledger technology research. It provides an overview of the bank's research process, including analyzing potential use cases, examining platforms to develop prototypes, and addressing perceived privacy issues. The bank studied relevant projects, built experiments to test responses to privacy concerns, and hopes the lessons learned will inform future decisions on this technology. It also summarizes previous work by other financial institutions exploring distributed ledgers.
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for educationeraser Juan José Calderón
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education
Guang Chen1,2, Bing Xu1
, Manli Lu1 and Nian-Shing Chen3*
Abstract
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been
applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Keywords: Blockchain, Educational evaluation, Instructional design, Learning is earning
The Blockchain Imperative: The Next Challenge for P&C CarriersCognizant
Blockchain, a universal ledger and data-storage platform, can help P&C carriers address some of their most critical business challenges and significantly alter the way they operate. Although the technology has yet to achieve widespread adoption in the insurance space, the time is ripe for carriers to begin thinking about, exploring and experimenting with blockchain.
Foreword
This paper is the result of a research project carried out by Labs
in EVRY Financial Services during the fall of 2015. The content of
this report is the result of a comprehensive study, featuring online
sources, literary works, as well as recordings of financial
conferences such as Consensus 2015 and Fintech Week 2015.
We aim to provide a comprehensive report detailing the
opportunities, challenges and key success factors for financial
institutions looking to leverage the opportunities presented by
blockchain technology.
We hope you enjoy this study and that it helps give you greater
understanding.
Blockchain and its Use in the Public Sector - OECDOECD Governance
Presentation on the OECD Working Paper "Blockchains Unchained: Blockchain Technology and its use in the Public Sector". This guide aims to equip public servants with the necessary knowledge to understand what the Blockchain architecture is, the implications it could have on government services, and the opportunities and challenges governments may face as a result. For more information see oe.cd/blockchain
Blockchain Beyond the Hype. A Practical Framework for Business Leaders. This common sense and practical framework is designed
to assist executives in understanding whether blockchain
is an appropriate and helpful tool for their business needs.
It starts from the premise that blockchain is merely a
technology – much like many others that are already used
in society – and like other technologies it is as much about
change management and careful attention to the economics
and business models of industries and companies involved
as it is about technology evangelism. For any organization,
blockchain technology should not be a goal in itself but a
tool deployed to achieve specific purposes.
This document discusses seven real-world applications of blockchain technology that could significantly impact industries and markets. It analyzes how blockchain could enable new distributed power markets worth $2.5-7 billion annually by facilitating secure transactions between individuals on the electric grid. It also explores how blockchain-based identity and reputation management could accelerate the sharing economy, such as by generating $3-9 billion in additional travel booking fees through 2020. Other applications examined include reducing title insurance costs through more efficient property record verification, and lowering capital market post-trade costs by streamlining securities clearing and settlement. The document analyzes the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing blockchain solutions in these domains.
This document provides an overview of blockchain technology and its potential applications. It discusses how blockchain can be used in accounting to improve transparency and auditability of financial records. It also explores how blockchain could benefit the finance industry by allowing faster and cheaper transactions without intermediaries. Real estate is another sector that may see benefits from blockchain, such as reduced costs, increased efficiency and transparency, and lower fraud risks. The document provides learning objectives related to understanding blockchain's history, disruptive nature, future potential, and advantages/disadvantages.
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 21Industry experts.docxmccormicknadine86
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 21
Industry experts believe blockchain is a technology that has the potential to affect the business of most IT profession-als in the next five years. Analyst Gartner has forecast that by 2023, blockchain will support the global movement and
tracking of $2tn of goods and services.
It is regarded by many industry watchers as a disrupting force
in the financial world. A PwC global financial technology (fintech)
survey found that 56% of respondents recognise the importance
of blockchain. At the same time, however, 57% admit to being
unsure about or unlikely to respond to this trend.
Start witH tHe HaSH
Blockchain is effectively a shared ledger between a group of
people – for example, a group of companies that work together
to produce a service or product. What makes blockchain differ-
ent is the fact that the history of the changes – past transactions,
for example – are immutable.
Essentially, the historical entries become read-only and
unchangeable. This is due to the fact that each blockchain
entry relies on the hash – a computed value including part of a
previous block as part of its hashing calculation for the current
block. This means that if a previous block is somehow modi-
fied or corrupted, its hash value will change and therefore the
values after that point become broken, making the tampering
evident for all to see.
One example where blockchain technology can be used is
where several companies come together to provide or consume
Blockchain:
hype vs reality
Regarded by many as a
disruptive force in finance
and beyond, blockchain
technology presents a number
of complex challenges that
must be overcome before
it can truly deliver on its
promises. Stuart Burns reports
BUYER’S GUIDE TO BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY | PART 1 OF 3
Home
IU
R
IIM
O
TO
V
/A
D
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E
http://www.computerweekly.com
https://www.computerweekly.com/resources/Blockchain
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-the-blockchain-hype
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-the-blockchain-hype
https://www.techtarget.com/contributor/Stuart-Burns
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 22
Home
News
HMRC under fire
over ‘scaremongering’
IR35 letters targeting
GSK contractors
Ransomware has
evolved into a serious
enterprise threat
How Defra has
been preparing its
IT systems for any
Brexit eventuality
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Chasing down
hackers through
security analytics
How councils are using
technology to support
adult social care
Downtime
services, usually under long-term contracts. It can be complex
and cumbersome to manage contracts involving several individu-
als, when multiple documents are involved and everyone needs
to agree on the same contract versions and details. Over time,
changes will occur that also need to be managed and agreed on.
Managing contracts in blockchain, however, means that rather
than p ...
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 21Industry experts.docxpatricke8
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 21
Industry experts believe blockchain is a technology that has the potential to affect the business of most IT profession-als in the next five years. Analyst Gartner has forecast that by 2023, blockchain will support the global movement and
tracking of $2tn of goods and services.
It is regarded by many industry watchers as a disrupting force
in the financial world. A PwC global financial technology (fintech)
survey found that 56% of respondents recognise the importance
of blockchain. At the same time, however, 57% admit to being
unsure about or unlikely to respond to this trend.
Start witH tHe HaSH
Blockchain is effectively a shared ledger between a group of
people – for example, a group of companies that work together
to produce a service or product. What makes blockchain differ-
ent is the fact that the history of the changes – past transactions,
for example – are immutable.
Essentially, the historical entries become read-only and
unchangeable. This is due to the fact that each blockchain
entry relies on the hash – a computed value including part of a
previous block as part of its hashing calculation for the current
block. This means that if a previous block is somehow modi-
fied or corrupted, its hash value will change and therefore the
values after that point become broken, making the tampering
evident for all to see.
One example where blockchain technology can be used is
where several companies come together to provide or consume
Blockchain:
hype vs reality
Regarded by many as a
disruptive force in finance
and beyond, blockchain
technology presents a number
of complex challenges that
must be overcome before
it can truly deliver on its
promises. Stuart Burns reports
BUYER’S GUIDE TO BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY | PART 1 OF 3
Home
IU
R
IIM
O
TO
V
/A
D
O
B
E
http://www.computerweekly.com
https://www.computerweekly.com/resources/Blockchain
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-the-blockchain-hype
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-the-blockchain-hype
https://www.techtarget.com/contributor/Stuart-Burns
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 22
Home
News
HMRC under fire
over ‘scaremongering’
IR35 letters targeting
GSK contractors
Ransomware has
evolved into a serious
enterprise threat
How Defra has
been preparing its
IT systems for any
Brexit eventuality
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Chasing down
hackers through
security analytics
How councils are using
technology to support
adult social care
Downtime
services, usually under long-term contracts. It can be complex
and cumbersome to manage contracts involving several individu-
als, when multiple documents are involved and everyone needs
to agree on the same contract versions and details. Over time,
changes will occur that also need to be managed and agreed on.
Managing contracts in blockchain, however, means that rather
than p.
Blockchain- The Quiet Disruptor - A Guide and a primer to launch Blockchain &...JP Batra
This is a guide and a primer to help you get ready to bring Blockchain technology solutions to your company. Titled "Blockchain - The Quiet Disruptor!" as presented at Global Blockchain Summit in Westminster, Colorado, this is a guide first develops a foundation through a high level understanding of:
* Inefficiencies we are used to, and how Blockchain removes them or reduces their impact
* Main strengths of Blockchain technology
* Public vs. Private Blockchain at a high level
* Business level view of how the technology works, or it's interworking
* Myths surrounding Blockchain, e.g., Blockchain vs Bitcoin, Blockchain vs. DLT as a summary table
* Various consortiums and alliances that developed platforms for use in their industries represented as a table
After foundational work, the presentation and the narratives tie all the foundational blocks together through a hypothetical Healthcare Insurance use case. It also describes the importance of technology selection, Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and Proof of Concept (POC) to test the applicability of Blockchain to a use case one may have developed.
Links have been added to supporting articles to get one prepared for developing their own use cases and help their company gain a competitive advantage or respond fast to competitor threats.
A framework for improving the efficiency of the transparency in financial dom...Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu
National Web Conference on Challenges and Innovation in Engineering and Technology, NWCCIET 2021, organized by Ramco Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India on 19th and 20th March 2021
If you investigate closer, you will find the usage of blockchain innovations in countless industries. Extending from inventory network to money related administrations, blockchain technology has surpassed every major early application tools
How Blockchain In Supply Chain Can Help Overcome.pdfMindfire LLC
With bitcoins and cryptocurrency gaining much popularity over the last few years, its underlying technology — blockchain, seems to be the latest buzzword across industries. There seems to be a sudden urge among businesses to adopt and use the technology to significantly improve their workflow operations. The concept seems to have a promising future that would assist in solving several hold-ups of the existing technology gears.
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Blockchain Mechanism for Flexib...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This document summarizes a research article about developing an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm using blockchain for flexible job shop scheduling and online gambling applications. It discusses how blockchain collects data from IoT devices and uses machine learning to analyze the data in real-time. The paper presents a blockchain-based betting application that was developed using Node.js, Web3 API, and Remix IDE. Key aspects of developing and testing the application are described, including user registration, login, and placing bets processes. The conclusion recommends further enhancing the system by fully implementing it on the blockchain for improved security and reliability.
Blockchain technology and logistics managementJayakumar PP
Basic understanding of Blockchain Technology. Give special focus to the application of blockchain in Logistics Management and Supply chain. It covers the following topics
Introduction to the blockchain, The current situation in the logistics industry, The Blockchain technology - the paradigm shifter in logistics, Block Chian Technology - Explain technology aspects and features, Basics on Blockchain security, Blockchain capabilities and its advantages to the logistics industry, Value-added to the industry, Implementation challenges, Finally with the conclusion and one best practice with ship chain company.
Blockchain : A Catalyst for New Approaches in Insurance VIJAY MUTHU
Blockchain technology and smart contracts have the potential to significantly impact the insurance industry. Smart contracts allow insurance policies, claims, and settlements to be automatically executed based on predefined rules and data inputs from oracles and IoT sensors. This could accelerate the development of on-demand or usage-based insurance products. It may also simplify and automate claims management by automatically validating events and processing payouts. While smart contracts offer benefits of increased efficiency, automation, and transparency, their large-scale implementation also faces challenges related to governance, legal standards, and technical scalability that require further development.
How Retirement Services Providers Can Tap Blockchain Thinking and TechnologyCognizant
Blockchain's peer-to-peer transference technology offers numerous benefits - digital trust, operational improvement and cost reduction, enhanced customer experience, and business resilience. We offer a vision of blockchain technology's potential applications - experimental use cases - for the retirement services industry.
Yao Yao, Jack Rasmus-Vorrath, Ivelin Angelov
https://github.com/yaowser/basic_blockchain
https://www.slideshare.net/YaoYao44/blockchain-security-and-demonstration/
Distributed ledger technology over a network of computers, which provides an alternative to the centralized system
Distributed Database
Peer-to-Peer Transmission
Transparency with Pseudonymity
Records are immutable
Computational Logic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ArZxRdhyPc
Blockchain's Smart Contracts: Driving the Next Wave of Innovation Across Manu...Cognizant
Blockchain technology has the potential to fundamentally change manufacturing supply chains by enabling trusted relationships and transactions between partners without intermediaries. Smart contracts on blockchain platforms can automate negotiations and transactions, reducing costs while increasing efficiency and agility. Early applications include smart contracts that automate procurement transactions between suppliers and buyers, and smart equipment that can automatically order replenishments. Widespread use of blockchain in manufacturing will require overcoming challenges of integrating new decentralized technologies with existing systems and evaluating technology maturity.
Bitcoin introduced the concept of Blockchain technology, the first digital currency ever created in 2008. The interesting fact about blockchain technology lies in its use of p2p network that runs with the help of cryptography. Blockchain enables trustless transactions i.e, people who do not know each other can now exchange something (currency, services etc) without the interference of a central authority such as Bank or Payment processing network. By eliminating the central authorities and harnessing the potential of peer-to-peer networks, this new technology is providing several opportunities such as : Low transaction fees, Fast settlements etc.
Application of Blockchain Technologies in Digital ForensicsMahdi_Fahmideh
This lecture, from course CIS8708-Digital Forensics (Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations), discusses the role of blockchain technologies in digital forensics investigation
Blockchain Innovation In Healthcare & Life SciencesIFAH
A session by Michael Irish, CEO, Vivacitas Healthcare on the topic of 'Blockchain Innovation In Healthcare & Life Sciences' at IFAH USA 2019 held at Caesars Palace, 18-20 June, 2019.
All about Blockchain Technology and it's applications in Finance functionvinodavg
Blockchain technology is a vast, distributed ledger, operating on millions of devices, recording anything, with identical copies maintained on each of the network computers. When a new transaction or an edit to an existing transaction comes in, generally a majority of the nodes within a blockchain network must execute some algorithms and essentially evaluate and verify the history of the transaction that is proposed and come to a consensus that the history and signature is valid, then the new transaction is accepted into the ledger. If a majority of nodes do not concede to the addition or modification of the ledger entry, then it is denied and not added to the chain. All the members can review previous entries and record new transactions. These are then grouped into ‘blocks’, which then form part of a ‘chain’, thus leading to a ‘blockchain’
All about Blockchain Technology and it's applications in Finance functionvinodavg
Blockchain Technology is a vast, distributed ledger, operating on millions of devices, recording anything, with identical copies maintained on each of the network computers. When a new transaction or an edit to an existing transaction comes in, generally a majority of the nodes within a blockchain network must execute some algorithms and essentially evaluate and verify the history of the transaction that is proposed and come to a consensus that the history and signature is valid, then the new transaction is accepted into the ledger. If a majority of nodes do not concede to the addition or modification of the ledger entry, then it is denied and not added to the chain. All the members can review previous entries and record new transactions. These are then grouped into ‘blocks’, which then form part of a ‘chain’, thus leading to a ‘blockchain
. According to your textbook, Contrary to a popular misconception.docxmadlynplamondon
According to a cross-cultural study of 186 societies, attitudes toward homosexuality vary significantly across cultures. Only 31% of societies studied stigmatized homosexual behavior, while 38% viewed it as a normal developmental phase for youth and 18% accepted committed same-sex relationships as an alternative form of marriage. The historical stigmatization of homosexuality in America is a product of enculturation rather than universal moral values.
-How did artwork produced in America from 1945 to 1960 compare to ar.docxmadlynplamondon
Post-World War II American art differed from European art by embracing abstract expressionism through artists like Jackson Pollock and his drip paintings, while European art focused more on figurative styles. Pollock's painting Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist) used dripped and splattered oil paint on canvas in 1950, as did Willem de Kooning's Woman I in 1952, showing the abstract expressionist movement in America. European art of the time included Alberto Giacometti's figurative sculpture Woman of Venice II from 1956.
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Blockchain Beyond the Hype. A Practical Framework for Business Leaders. This common sense and practical framework is designed
to assist executives in understanding whether blockchain
is an appropriate and helpful tool for their business needs.
It starts from the premise that blockchain is merely a
technology – much like many others that are already used
in society – and like other technologies it is as much about
change management and careful attention to the economics
and business models of industries and companies involved
as it is about technology evangelism. For any organization,
blockchain technology should not be a goal in itself but a
tool deployed to achieve specific purposes.
This document discusses seven real-world applications of blockchain technology that could significantly impact industries and markets. It analyzes how blockchain could enable new distributed power markets worth $2.5-7 billion annually by facilitating secure transactions between individuals on the electric grid. It also explores how blockchain-based identity and reputation management could accelerate the sharing economy, such as by generating $3-9 billion in additional travel booking fees through 2020. Other applications examined include reducing title insurance costs through more efficient property record verification, and lowering capital market post-trade costs by streamlining securities clearing and settlement. The document analyzes the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing blockchain solutions in these domains.
This document provides an overview of blockchain technology and its potential applications. It discusses how blockchain can be used in accounting to improve transparency and auditability of financial records. It also explores how blockchain could benefit the finance industry by allowing faster and cheaper transactions without intermediaries. Real estate is another sector that may see benefits from blockchain, such as reduced costs, increased efficiency and transparency, and lower fraud risks. The document provides learning objectives related to understanding blockchain's history, disruptive nature, future potential, and advantages/disadvantages.
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 21Industry experts.docxmccormicknadine86
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 21
Industry experts believe blockchain is a technology that has the potential to affect the business of most IT profession-als in the next five years. Analyst Gartner has forecast that by 2023, blockchain will support the global movement and
tracking of $2tn of goods and services.
It is regarded by many industry watchers as a disrupting force
in the financial world. A PwC global financial technology (fintech)
survey found that 56% of respondents recognise the importance
of blockchain. At the same time, however, 57% admit to being
unsure about or unlikely to respond to this trend.
Start witH tHe HaSH
Blockchain is effectively a shared ledger between a group of
people – for example, a group of companies that work together
to produce a service or product. What makes blockchain differ-
ent is the fact that the history of the changes – past transactions,
for example – are immutable.
Essentially, the historical entries become read-only and
unchangeable. This is due to the fact that each blockchain
entry relies on the hash – a computed value including part of a
previous block as part of its hashing calculation for the current
block. This means that if a previous block is somehow modi-
fied or corrupted, its hash value will change and therefore the
values after that point become broken, making the tampering
evident for all to see.
One example where blockchain technology can be used is
where several companies come together to provide or consume
Blockchain:
hype vs reality
Regarded by many as a
disruptive force in finance
and beyond, blockchain
technology presents a number
of complex challenges that
must be overcome before
it can truly deliver on its
promises. Stuart Burns reports
BUYER’S GUIDE TO BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY | PART 1 OF 3
Home
IU
R
IIM
O
TO
V
/A
D
O
B
E
http://www.computerweekly.com
https://www.computerweekly.com/resources/Blockchain
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-the-blockchain-hype
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-the-blockchain-hype
https://www.techtarget.com/contributor/Stuart-Burns
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 22
Home
News
HMRC under fire
over ‘scaremongering’
IR35 letters targeting
GSK contractors
Ransomware has
evolved into a serious
enterprise threat
How Defra has
been preparing its
IT systems for any
Brexit eventuality
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Chasing down
hackers through
security analytics
How councils are using
technology to support
adult social care
Downtime
services, usually under long-term contracts. It can be complex
and cumbersome to manage contracts involving several individu-
als, when multiple documents are involved and everyone needs
to agree on the same contract versions and details. Over time,
changes will occur that also need to be managed and agreed on.
Managing contracts in blockchain, however, means that rather
than p ...
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 21Industry experts.docxpatricke8
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 21
Industry experts believe blockchain is a technology that has the potential to affect the business of most IT profession-als in the next five years. Analyst Gartner has forecast that by 2023, blockchain will support the global movement and
tracking of $2tn of goods and services.
It is regarded by many industry watchers as a disrupting force
in the financial world. A PwC global financial technology (fintech)
survey found that 56% of respondents recognise the importance
of blockchain. At the same time, however, 57% admit to being
unsure about or unlikely to respond to this trend.
Start witH tHe HaSH
Blockchain is effectively a shared ledger between a group of
people – for example, a group of companies that work together
to produce a service or product. What makes blockchain differ-
ent is the fact that the history of the changes – past transactions,
for example – are immutable.
Essentially, the historical entries become read-only and
unchangeable. This is due to the fact that each blockchain
entry relies on the hash – a computed value including part of a
previous block as part of its hashing calculation for the current
block. This means that if a previous block is somehow modi-
fied or corrupted, its hash value will change and therefore the
values after that point become broken, making the tampering
evident for all to see.
One example where blockchain technology can be used is
where several companies come together to provide or consume
Blockchain:
hype vs reality
Regarded by many as a
disruptive force in finance
and beyond, blockchain
technology presents a number
of complex challenges that
must be overcome before
it can truly deliver on its
promises. Stuart Burns reports
BUYER’S GUIDE TO BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY | PART 1 OF 3
Home
IU
R
IIM
O
TO
V
/A
D
O
B
E
http://www.computerweekly.com
https://www.computerweekly.com/resources/Blockchain
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-the-blockchain-hype
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-the-blockchain-hype
https://www.techtarget.com/contributor/Stuart-Burns
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 22
Home
News
HMRC under fire
over ‘scaremongering’
IR35 letters targeting
GSK contractors
Ransomware has
evolved into a serious
enterprise threat
How Defra has
been preparing its
IT systems for any
Brexit eventuality
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Chasing down
hackers through
security analytics
How councils are using
technology to support
adult social care
Downtime
services, usually under long-term contracts. It can be complex
and cumbersome to manage contracts involving several individu-
als, when multiple documents are involved and everyone needs
to agree on the same contract versions and details. Over time,
changes will occur that also need to be managed and agreed on.
Managing contracts in blockchain, however, means that rather
than p.
Blockchain- The Quiet Disruptor - A Guide and a primer to launch Blockchain &...JP Batra
This is a guide and a primer to help you get ready to bring Blockchain technology solutions to your company. Titled "Blockchain - The Quiet Disruptor!" as presented at Global Blockchain Summit in Westminster, Colorado, this is a guide first develops a foundation through a high level understanding of:
* Inefficiencies we are used to, and how Blockchain removes them or reduces their impact
* Main strengths of Blockchain technology
* Public vs. Private Blockchain at a high level
* Business level view of how the technology works, or it's interworking
* Myths surrounding Blockchain, e.g., Blockchain vs Bitcoin, Blockchain vs. DLT as a summary table
* Various consortiums and alliances that developed platforms for use in their industries represented as a table
After foundational work, the presentation and the narratives tie all the foundational blocks together through a hypothetical Healthcare Insurance use case. It also describes the importance of technology selection, Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and Proof of Concept (POC) to test the applicability of Blockchain to a use case one may have developed.
Links have been added to supporting articles to get one prepared for developing their own use cases and help their company gain a competitive advantage or respond fast to competitor threats.
A framework for improving the efficiency of the transparency in financial dom...Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu
National Web Conference on Challenges and Innovation in Engineering and Technology, NWCCIET 2021, organized by Ramco Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India on 19th and 20th March 2021
If you investigate closer, you will find the usage of blockchain innovations in countless industries. Extending from inventory network to money related administrations, blockchain technology has surpassed every major early application tools
How Blockchain In Supply Chain Can Help Overcome.pdfMindfire LLC
With bitcoins and cryptocurrency gaining much popularity over the last few years, its underlying technology — blockchain, seems to be the latest buzzword across industries. There seems to be a sudden urge among businesses to adopt and use the technology to significantly improve their workflow operations. The concept seems to have a promising future that would assist in solving several hold-ups of the existing technology gears.
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Blockchain Mechanism for Flexib...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This document summarizes a research article about developing an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm using blockchain for flexible job shop scheduling and online gambling applications. It discusses how blockchain collects data from IoT devices and uses machine learning to analyze the data in real-time. The paper presents a blockchain-based betting application that was developed using Node.js, Web3 API, and Remix IDE. Key aspects of developing and testing the application are described, including user registration, login, and placing bets processes. The conclusion recommends further enhancing the system by fully implementing it on the blockchain for improved security and reliability.
Blockchain technology and logistics managementJayakumar PP
Basic understanding of Blockchain Technology. Give special focus to the application of blockchain in Logistics Management and Supply chain. It covers the following topics
Introduction to the blockchain, The current situation in the logistics industry, The Blockchain technology - the paradigm shifter in logistics, Block Chian Technology - Explain technology aspects and features, Basics on Blockchain security, Blockchain capabilities and its advantages to the logistics industry, Value-added to the industry, Implementation challenges, Finally with the conclusion and one best practice with ship chain company.
Blockchain : A Catalyst for New Approaches in Insurance VIJAY MUTHU
Blockchain technology and smart contracts have the potential to significantly impact the insurance industry. Smart contracts allow insurance policies, claims, and settlements to be automatically executed based on predefined rules and data inputs from oracles and IoT sensors. This could accelerate the development of on-demand or usage-based insurance products. It may also simplify and automate claims management by automatically validating events and processing payouts. While smart contracts offer benefits of increased efficiency, automation, and transparency, their large-scale implementation also faces challenges related to governance, legal standards, and technical scalability that require further development.
How Retirement Services Providers Can Tap Blockchain Thinking and TechnologyCognizant
Blockchain's peer-to-peer transference technology offers numerous benefits - digital trust, operational improvement and cost reduction, enhanced customer experience, and business resilience. We offer a vision of blockchain technology's potential applications - experimental use cases - for the retirement services industry.
Yao Yao, Jack Rasmus-Vorrath, Ivelin Angelov
https://github.com/yaowser/basic_blockchain
https://www.slideshare.net/YaoYao44/blockchain-security-and-demonstration/
Distributed ledger technology over a network of computers, which provides an alternative to the centralized system
Distributed Database
Peer-to-Peer Transmission
Transparency with Pseudonymity
Records are immutable
Computational Logic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ArZxRdhyPc
Blockchain's Smart Contracts: Driving the Next Wave of Innovation Across Manu...Cognizant
Blockchain technology has the potential to fundamentally change manufacturing supply chains by enabling trusted relationships and transactions between partners without intermediaries. Smart contracts on blockchain platforms can automate negotiations and transactions, reducing costs while increasing efficiency and agility. Early applications include smart contracts that automate procurement transactions between suppliers and buyers, and smart equipment that can automatically order replenishments. Widespread use of blockchain in manufacturing will require overcoming challenges of integrating new decentralized technologies with existing systems and evaluating technology maturity.
Bitcoin introduced the concept of Blockchain technology, the first digital currency ever created in 2008. The interesting fact about blockchain technology lies in its use of p2p network that runs with the help of cryptography. Blockchain enables trustless transactions i.e, people who do not know each other can now exchange something (currency, services etc) without the interference of a central authority such as Bank or Payment processing network. By eliminating the central authorities and harnessing the potential of peer-to-peer networks, this new technology is providing several opportunities such as : Low transaction fees, Fast settlements etc.
Application of Blockchain Technologies in Digital ForensicsMahdi_Fahmideh
This lecture, from course CIS8708-Digital Forensics (Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations), discusses the role of blockchain technologies in digital forensics investigation
Blockchain Innovation In Healthcare & Life SciencesIFAH
A session by Michael Irish, CEO, Vivacitas Healthcare on the topic of 'Blockchain Innovation In Healthcare & Life Sciences' at IFAH USA 2019 held at Caesars Palace, 18-20 June, 2019.
All about Blockchain Technology and it's applications in Finance functionvinodavg
Blockchain technology is a vast, distributed ledger, operating on millions of devices, recording anything, with identical copies maintained on each of the network computers. When a new transaction or an edit to an existing transaction comes in, generally a majority of the nodes within a blockchain network must execute some algorithms and essentially evaluate and verify the history of the transaction that is proposed and come to a consensus that the history and signature is valid, then the new transaction is accepted into the ledger. If a majority of nodes do not concede to the addition or modification of the ledger entry, then it is denied and not added to the chain. All the members can review previous entries and record new transactions. These are then grouped into ‘blocks’, which then form part of a ‘chain’, thus leading to a ‘blockchain’
All about Blockchain Technology and it's applications in Finance functionvinodavg
Blockchain Technology is a vast, distributed ledger, operating on millions of devices, recording anything, with identical copies maintained on each of the network computers. When a new transaction or an edit to an existing transaction comes in, generally a majority of the nodes within a blockchain network must execute some algorithms and essentially evaluate and verify the history of the transaction that is proposed and come to a consensus that the history and signature is valid, then the new transaction is accepted into the ledger. If a majority of nodes do not concede to the addition or modification of the ledger entry, then it is denied and not added to the chain. All the members can review previous entries and record new transactions. These are then grouped into ‘blocks’, which then form part of a ‘chain’, thus leading to a ‘blockchain
Similar to DiscussionThe vast majority of the population associates Blockch.docx (20)
. According to your textbook, Contrary to a popular misconception.docxmadlynplamondon
According to a cross-cultural study of 186 societies, attitudes toward homosexuality vary significantly across cultures. Only 31% of societies studied stigmatized homosexual behavior, while 38% viewed it as a normal developmental phase for youth and 18% accepted committed same-sex relationships as an alternative form of marriage. The historical stigmatization of homosexuality in America is a product of enculturation rather than universal moral values.
-How did artwork produced in America from 1945 to 1960 compare to ar.docxmadlynplamondon
Post-World War II American art differed from European art by embracing abstract expressionism through artists like Jackson Pollock and his drip paintings, while European art focused more on figurative styles. Pollock's painting Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist) used dripped and splattered oil paint on canvas in 1950, as did Willem de Kooning's Woman I in 1952, showing the abstract expressionist movement in America. European art of the time included Alberto Giacometti's figurative sculpture Woman of Venice II from 1956.
-Just thoughts and opinion on the reading-Consent and compen.docxmadlynplamondon
-Just thoughts and opinion on the reading
-Consent and compensation are two things that the Johns Hopkins doctors did not provide Henrietta Lacks. How are these ideas at odds?
-African Americans today face disparities in the health care system even today. How can Henrietta's story motivate change in our current system?
.
. The Questioned Documents Unit (QDU) provides forensic support .docxmadlynplamondon
. The Questioned Documents Unit (QDU) provides forensic support to federal, state and local law enforcement agencies by conducting examinations on evidence collected during their investigation as well as expert testimony concerning information contained in the reports. The Cryptanalysis and Racketeering Records Unit (CRRU) supports law enforcement by assisting in the analysis of cryptic communications such as codes found in letters, notes and diaries (FBI.gov).
After an individual is arrested, I will obtain fingerprints and photographs of the subject and complete a number of forms that are used to start a criminal file on the subject. I will use the Buccal Collection DNA test kit provided by the FBI on my subject. Once completed properly and submitted to the FBI, the kit will be sent to the Federal DNA Database Unit (FDDU). The FDDU will take the DNA test kit and upload it into NDIS creating a DNA profile for my subject. The subject’s DNA profile will be searched against unknown forensic profiles from crime scenes across the country. If my subject’s DNA matches with another crime from another state he can be charged for that crimes as well. In my opinion this is the most important service the FBI has. This allows all agencies to communicate and share information based off of DNA evidence. The flaw is that they need the criminal to be apprehended and processed in order for the DNA to be in the system.
In Knoxville Tennessee, FBI Emergency Response agents train how to excavate a body at the Body Farm. The agents pair up in teams with forensic anthropologists to learn how to best identify and excavate human remains to preserve the clues and pieces of evidence that decaying bodies may leave behind. The weeklong training gives agents step by step instructions while surprising the agents with twists and surprises during their excavations. This was very interesting to me because it helps put things into perspective. Teaches them to put the victim first, which will motivate them to slow down, be methodical with their techniques and be very thorough because it only can be done once.
respond to this discussion question 150 words
.
. What is it about the fundamental nature and structure of the Olym.docxmadlynplamondon
. What is it about the fundamental nature and structure of the Olympics that helps explain why the conflict arose and escalated?
b. Was the form of aggression displayed by the attackers hostile aggression or instrumental aggression? Explain your reasoning. (Note: you
must
make a decision between these alternatives and defend your decision.)
.
-Learning objectives for presentation-Brief background o.docxmadlynplamondon
Madeleine Leininger developed the transcultural nursing theory to address the need for culturally competent care (Leininger, 2002). Her theory focuses on how culture impacts health, wellness, and nursing care. It emphasizes understanding a patient's cultural values, beliefs and practices to provide sensitive and respectful care.
-You will need to play a phone game Angry Birds (any version) to mak.docxmadlynplamondon
-You will need to play a phone game Angry Birds (any version) to make observation.
-Make an observation on how you must launch the birds in order to knock over the items.
-Pay attention to how the path of the birds (the projectiles) changes as you change the launch angle and how far back you pull the birds at launch.
-You will also need to complete the calculations in assignment.
Assignment file below...
.
. EDU 571 Week 5 Discussion 1 -
"Data Collection" Please respond to the following:
· Using your planned evaluation project, assume that the client paying for the evaluation has requested that you primarily use audio/visual interview and observation techniques. The client envisions using clips in the evaluation report and in marketing campaigns. Discuss the appropriateness, advantages, and disadvantages of using digital capabilities to capture sound, video, and photographs of the interviewees, focus groups, and observations. Provide reasons for opposing or supporting the request (partially or completely).
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·
EDU 571 Week 5 Discussion 2 -
"Benefits of Meta-Evaluation" Please respond to the following:
· Your client told you that a meta-evaluation should not be included in the plan or budget. Explain two (2) reasons for including a meta-evaluation in the evaluation plan. Recommend two (2) ways to reduce the costs.
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EDU 571 Week 3 Target of Program Evaluation Plan, Part 1 -
Target of Program Evaluation Plan, Part 1
Assignment 1 is the first part of a five-part project to plan the various elements of a program evaluation for education. Select a program target from your school district, workplace, (e.g., business training program) or your university (where you are a student). For you to gain the most from the assignment, you should select a program that you are interested in, would like to see evaluated, and are able to obtain information about. (Possible programs include: student assessment, teacher assessment, pay for student achievement, new teacher or employee training, online classrooms, anti-bullying, gender equity for girls in math and science, school to work, retention of at-risk students, and schools of choice (charter schools), etc.). As you develop the entire plan, gather information, and receive feedback from your professor (or others), you should revise and refine each part of the project. Think of your professor as your project evaluator and supervisor who will help guide you so that you produce an outstanding, well-developed evaluation plan for the stakeholders.
Write a 1000 words paper in which you:
1. Describe three (3) elements of a worthy object for program evaluation - its type, the department administrating it, and target population.
2. Describe the program's history, primary purpose(s), and / or expected outcomes.
3. Explain three (3) reasons for selecting the program (e.g., program's value or lack of it, issues surrounding it, age, relevance, cost, impact on students, etc.).
4. Discuss three (3) advantages of evaluating the program at this time.
5. Discuss two (2) major constraints in conducting an evaluation on this program and a method of addressing them.
6. Use at least three (3) peer-reviewed academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and many Websites do not qualify as academic resources. Peer-reviewed academic resources refer to articles and scholarly journals that are reviewe.
. What were the causes of World War II Explain how and why the Unit.docxmadlynplamondon
. What were the causes of World War II? Explain how and why the United States got involved in the war. Discuss the U.S. home front. How did women and minorities respond to the war? Explain the war in North Africa and Europe. Discuss the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944. What was Adolf Hitler’s “final solution,” and what were the consequences of the Holocaust? How did the Allies end the war in Europe? Discuss the war in the Pacific. What proved to be an effective U.S. strategy in the Pacific? Analyze Harry Truman’s controversial decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan. What were the consequences of World War II?
.
. Complete the prewriting for the progress reportPrewriting p.docxmadlynplamondon
. Complete the prewriting for the progress report:
Prewriting prepares you to write and helps you organize your ideas.
You may print the lesson and jot notes for yourself on the paper, or you may write notes on your own.
You do not have to submit prewriting for any points, but don't skip this important step!
2. Complete a draft of the progress report:
Remember to use the memo format style in typing this progress report.
This report should be two or more pages when you are completed.
The draft will be much shorter than your final report.
Follow a logical structure: introduction, what is finished, what is underway, what is left to do, and a conclusion.
Use specifics such as dates, proper names, numbers, costs, etc.
Include one or more visuals may such as pictures, graphs, charts, tables, etc.
.
-in Filomena by Roberta Fernandez the author refers to the Mexican r.docxmadlynplamondon
-in Filomena by Roberta Fernandez the author refers to the Mexican rituals for the day of the dead how is this celebration portrayed in the story?
-in "La doctora Barr" how does Mary Helen Ponce describe the traditional way Mexican-American women prepared for a childbirth in their community?
-how does Nilda feel about Sophies's presence in her home?
-how is bilingualism used in the story "Filomena"? Support your opinions with examples from the story
-describe the incident with the vanilla ice cream . Why was it so upsetting for Nilda?
.
-Write about a violent religious event in history.(Ex. Muslim ex.docxmadlynplamondon
-Write about a violent religious event in history.
(Ex. Muslim extremist acts in history, or the Christian crusades, etc.)
-Write about belief/reasoning/justification those certain people believe their actions have and affects of...
-(Identity)They're view of the world and themselves. Is it rationale or is it a problem. Why?
5-pages minimum
4-scholarly sources min. 2 of 4 book sources Need Dec. 2nd by 9pm.
.
-This project is an opportunity to demonstrate the ability to analyz.docxmadlynplamondon
-This project is an opportunity to demonstrate the ability to analyze and write about music with clarity and purpose. Assume the role of a reviewer/critic who is applying for a job writing a music column for a progressive weblog catering to readers who on average have at least a bachelor's degree and are concerned with issues of justice and equality
-The CD reviewed is one that will allow reflection about how music can provide people the opportunity to imagine the lives and experiences of others different from oneself. Questions to guide reflection while listening should include:
1. Who are the peoples performing the music or who is the music about?
2.What type of life is presented through the music's lyrics and musical sound?
3.What themes or issues are presented by the music?
4. How do the various musical selections relate to each other?
5.What can be learned about people by listening to this CD?
6.Why should other people listen to this music?
-A list of CDs is available for this assignment. CDs may be downloaded for a fee from a preferred site.
-The review will need to include:
1.CD title, artist, genre, release date, etc
2.Background information about the artist or artists for those who may not be familiar.
-The review should be between 800 and 1000 words.
-Conventions of good writing (e.g., correct grammar, spelling, appropriate use of quotations, unctuation) should be observed throughout this project. Moreover, it is important to consider the audience and write in a style that is appropriate. Quotations or information from a primary or secondary source should be cited correctly using APA, Turabian, or MLA.
.
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Judge A belongs to the legal positivist school of thought. He bases his decision solely on statutory law and case precedents interpreting the law, without considering other factors.
Judge B belongs to the natural law school of thought. He believes the laws of nature apply in extraordinary situations where people are cut off from civilization, rather than man-made laws.
Judge C belongs to the sociological jurisprudence school of thought. She bases her decision on a scientific survey of the community's beliefs, rather than just statutory law or precedent.
-1. Are the three main elements of compensation systems—internal.docxmadlynplamondon
-1.
Are the three main elements of compensation systems—internal consistency, market competitiveness, and recognizing employee contributions—equally important, or do you believe that they differ in importance? If different, which do you believe is most important? Least important? Give your rationale.
use 1 online reference and
Martocchio, J. (2017). Strategic Compensation: A human resource management approach (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
.
- What are the key differences between national health service (.docxmadlynplamondon
- What are the key differences between national health service (NHS) and national health insurance (NHI) systems?
- How do NHI and NHS systems compare with the health care system in the United States?
- How do most countries with similar levels per capita income differ from and resemble the United States with respect to provider payments, coordination of care, workforce and information technology, and health system performance?
Cite at least 2 peer reviewed journal/article. Write in APA format
.
--Describe and analyze the ways in which Alfons Heck’s participation.docxmadlynplamondon
Alfons Heck participated in the Hitler Youth and Nazi culture as a child, which helped shape his sense of purpose and identity. In his memoir "A Child of Hitler", written many decades later, Heck reflects on his experiences and how the acts of writing and reflection allowed him to craft a new identity in the present. Students are asked to analyze how Heck's participation in the Hitler Youth influenced his identity, and how writing his memoir also impacted his identity later in life, in a 2-4 page paper with citations.
------ Watch an online speechpresentation of 20 minutes or lo.docxmadlynplamondon
------
Watch an online speech/presentation of 20 minutes or longer.
( please cite the presentation you would use)
Write a speech analysis essay of
2-3 pages
I: List the speaker, date, location, & topic, and describe the audience. Describe each of these elements and analyze the effect that each of these elements had on the speaker and/or speech.
II: Describe and analyze the effectiveness of each part of the speaker's introduction (attention getter, revelation of topic, statement of credibility, statement of central idea, preview of main points).
III: Summarize each of the speaker's main points. What pattern of organization did the speaker utilize? Was this effective? Why or why not?
IV: Describe and analyze the effectiveness of the evidence/supporting material that the speaker used.
V: Describe and analyze the effectiveness of the speaker's language.
VI: Describe and analyze the effectiveness of the speaker's delivery.
VII: Describe and analyze the effectiveness of each part of the speaker's conclusion.
.
) Florida National UniversityNursing DepartmentBSN.docxmadlynplamondon
)
Florida National University
Nursing Department
BSN Program
NUR 4636-Community Health Nursing
Prof. Eddie Cruz, RN MSN
Please choose one infectious disease or communicable disease and present a 1,000 words essay including the follow;
Name of the disease including agents that cause Infectious/Communicable Disease, the mode of contamination or how it is spread.
The modes of prevention applying the three levels of prevention with at least one example of each one.
Prevalence and control of the condition according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) including morbidity and mortality.
Implications of the disease in the community and the role of the community health nurse in the control and prevention of the disease.
The essay must be presented in a Word Document, APA format, Arial 12 font attached to the forum in the tab of the Discussion Question title “Infections/Communicable disease essay” and in the assignment tab under the exercise title “SafeAssign infectious/communicable disease”. A minimum of 3 references no older than 5 years must be used. If you use any reference from any website make sure they are reliable sites such as CDC, NIH, Institute of Medicine, etc.
There is a rubric attached to the assignment for your guidance.
Below please see the definitions of infectious disease and communicable disease. They are similar but differ in some characteristics.
Infectious diseases
are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Many organisms live in and on our bodies. They're normally harmless or even helpful. But under certain conditions, some organisms may cause
disease
. Some
infectious diseases
can be passed from person to person.
Communicable
, or infectious
diseases
, are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi that can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Some are transmitted through bites from insects while others are caused by ingesting contaminated food or water.
.
- Please answer question 2 at the end of the case.- cita.docxmadlynplamondon
- Please answer
question 2
at the end of the case.
- citations and references in
IEEE
style
( at least two)
- your answer should be in regards to the case
+
regarding the question itself.
Do it twice ( two different copies)
.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
DiscussionThe vast majority of the population associates Blockch.docx
1. Discussion
The vast majority of the population associates Blockchain with
cryptocurrency Bitcoin; however, there are many other uses of
blockchain; such as Litecoin, Ether, and other currencies. In
this discussion, please describe at least two cryptocurrencies
with applicable examples. Discuss some similarities and
differences. Lastly, discuss if you have any experience using
any cryptocurrencies.
Please make your initial post and two response posts
substantive. A substantive post will do at least TWO of the
following:
· Ask an interesting, thoughtful question pertaining to the topic
· Answer a question (in detail) posted by another student or the
instructor
· Provide extensive additional information on the topic
· Explain, define, or analyze the topic in detail
· Share an applicable personal experience
· Provide an outside source that applies to the topic, along with
additional information about the topic or the source (please cite
properly in APA)
· Make an argument concerning the topic.
At least one scholarly source should be used in the initial
discussion thread. Be sure to use information from your
readings and other sources. Use proper citations and references
in your post.
300 words and 2 references.
Attached all the required documents.
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 21
2. Industry experts believe blockchain is a technology that has the
potential to affect the business of most IT profession-als in the
next five years. Analyst Gartner has forecast that by 2023,
blockchain will support the global movement and
tracking of $2tn of goods and services.
It is regarded by many industry watchers as a disrupting force
in the financial world. A PwC global financial technology
(fintech)
survey found that 56% of respondents recognise the importance
of blockchain. At the same time, however, 57% admit to being
unsure about or unlikely to respond to this trend.
Start witH tHe HaSH
Blockchain is effectively a shared ledger between a group of
people – for example, a group of companies that work together
to produce a service or product. What makes blockchain differ-
ent is the fact that the history of the changes – past transactions,
for example – are immutable.
Essentially, the historical entries become read-only and
unchangeable. This is due to the fact that each blockchain
entry relies on the hash – a computed value including part of a
previous block as part of its hashing calculation for the current
block. This means that if a previous block is somehow modi-
fied or corrupted, its hash value will change and therefore the
values after that point become broken, making the tampering
evident for all to see.
One example where blockchain technology can be used is
where several companies come together to provide or consume
Blockchain:
hype vs reality
Regarded by many as a
disruptive force in finance
3. and beyond, blockchain
technology presents a number
of complex challenges that
must be overcome before
it can truly deliver on its
promises. Stuart Burns reports
BUYER’S GUIDE TO BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY | PART
1 OF 3
Home
IU
RI
IM
O
TO
V/
A
D
O
BE
http://www.computerweekly.com
https://www.computerweekly.com/resources/Blockchain
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-
the-blockchain-hype
https://www.computerweekly.com/ehandbook/Cutting-through-
the-blockchain-hype
https://www.techtarget.com/contributor/Stuart-Burns
4. computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 22
Home
News
HMRC under fire
over ‘scaremongering’
IR35 letters targeting
GSK contractors
Ransomware has
evolved into a serious
enterprise threat
How Defra has
been preparing its
IT systems for any
Brexit eventuality
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Chasing down
hackers through
security analytics
How councils are using
technology to support
adult social care
Downtime
services, usually under long-term contracts. It can be complex
5. and cumbersome to manage contracts involving several
individu-
als, when multiple documents are involved and everyone needs
to agree on the same contract versions and details. Over time,
changes will occur that also need to be managed and agreed on.
Managing contracts in blockchain, however, means that rather
than physical bits of paper being passed around, it becomes
possi-
ble to mathematically guarantee the
contract documents are as intended
and the appropriate (digital) sign-
off is a part of the chain. That chain
can be verified by any of the parties
as required. This is a key part of the
whole blockchain concept.
an early trial
In 2016, Barclays and Wave com-
pleted what they described as a
“world first” by using blockchain
technology to handle the docu-
mentation to approve a fund trans-
action, which was made through the Society for Worldwide
Interbank Financial Telecommunication (Swift). The letter of
credit transaction between Ornua (formerly the Irish Dairy
Board) and Seychelles Trading Company used distributed ledger
technology via the Wave platform to enable all parties involved
to see the documents they needed and transmit them where
required on a decentralised network. This removed some of
the inefficiencies of traditional international trade and brought
completion timescales down from weeks to a few hours. It is
not hard to see how the use of blockchain could be extended to
include many different types of information, eventually encom-
passing the general public.
6. For instance, an article by McKinsey estimates that using block-
chain to sign up new retail banking customers has the potential
to
create up to $1bn of savings in oper-
ating costs globally and reduce reg-
ulatory fines by between $2bn and
$3bn. “In addition, we expect block-
chain solutions to reduce annual
losses from fraud by $7bn to $9bn,”
McKinsey stated.
management cHallengeS
However, setting up and managing
blockchain is a complex process
that requires skilled design. As
Gartner notes, a distributed ledger
requires the recording and replicat-
ing of data in a secure manner. This is a complex mechanism
with significant computational load (called mining). As such,
blockchain has rather large scalability issues. Verification of
blocks can take several minutes, which makes blockchain inap-
propriate for real-time transactions.
Each blockchain consumer may need to verify an entire trans-
action history, which is very inefficient and requires a high
A distributed ledger requires
the recording And replicAting
of dAtA in A secure mAnner. this
is A complex mechAnism with
significAnt computAtionAl loAd.
7. As such, blockchAin hAs rAther
lArge scAlAbility issues
BUYER’S GUIDE
http://www.computerweekly.com
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/450303841/Barclays-
uses-blockchain-for-trade-finance-transactions
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/450422267/Lloyds-
Bank-joins-Swift-blockchain-proof-of-concept-project
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252451581/UK-
government-cryptoassets-taskforce-commits-to-distributed-
ledger-technologies
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252451581/UK-
government-cryptoassets-taskforce-commits-to-distributed-
ledger-technologies
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-
insights/blockchain-and-retail-banking-making-the-connection
https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/feature/Dont-let-
blockchain-complexity-bog-down-business-applications
https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/feature/Dont-let-
blockchain-complexity-bog-down-business-applications
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252464948/Gartner-
Blockchain-lacks-functionality-needed-by-enterprise
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252464948/Gartner-
Blockchain-lacks-functionality-needed-by-enterprise
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 23
Home
News
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8. over ‘scaremongering’
IR35 letters targeting
GSK contractors
Ransomware has
evolved into a serious
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How Defra has
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Brexit eventuality
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Chasing down
hackers through
security analytics
How councils are using
technology to support
adult social care
Downtime
computational workload. New platforms are being developed
that explore alternative approaches to verifying the integrity of
blockchain transactions. These include massively diverse public
ledgers for verifying historic transactions.
Other ideas include having a random pool of machines that vali-
date the blockchain and publicly announce the results of the
vali-
9. dation, saving everyone repeating the same compute-intensive
functions. The very nature of these random machines and
frequency with which they are rotated means that discovering
and
trying to attack verification hosts should be extremely difficult.
All current blockchain systems have some limitations in terms
of scaling. So, such techniques may not scale to the level
needed
for blockchain to be a viable replacement to existing payment
processing networks. However, there is now growing interest in
new distributed processor workload platforms, such as Golam,
and the use of hardware-based acceleration, application-specific
BUYER’S GUIDE
IU
RI
IM
O
TO
V/
A
D
O
BE
All current blockchAin
systems hAve some
limitAtions in terms of scAling
10. http://www.computerweekly.com
https://golem.network/
computerweekly.com 10-16 September 2019 24
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GSK contractors
Ransomware has
evolved into a serious
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Brexit eventuality
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Chasing down
hackers through
security analytics
How councils are using
technology to support
adult social care
11. Downtime
integrated circuits (Asics) and graphics processing units
(GPUs),
all of which aim to accelerate processing for blockchain.
Beyond BuSineSS contractS
There are many uses for blockchain technology in finance and
beyond, but currently most of these technologies, with the
exception of cryptocurrencies, are aimed squarely at the busi-
ness to business market (B2B).
For blockchain to move beyond
small-scale trials and experimenta-
tion, the whole software and hard-
ware infrastructure stack needs to
scale to support larger and larger
volumes of transactions.
In 2018, a KPMG paper looking
at uses for blockchain described
the challenges of integrating
blockchain into existing, legacy
processes. The paper warned that
organisations need to be aware
that their legacy systems may not
be designed to interact with block-
chain systems or capitalise on the advantages they offer.
“Comprehensive examination of interoperability and integra-
tion is essential,” the KPMG paper stated. “Given the immuta-
bility of transactions, it is essential that the proper mechanisms
are in place to prevent incorrect data from being written onto
the blockchain.”
12. Another area of concern is the privacy of financial transactions.
According to PwC, the business benefits for many players, or
even the industry, will not materialise if the “trust issue” is not
addressed effectively. For PwC, the hurdles that lie ahead
include
understanding whether or not the public ledger can be hacked.
From a privacy perspective, if several different organisations
are involved in a transaction that uses blockchain, not all group
members should have access to
the data held within the blockchain.
However, they still need to verify the
blockchain’s integrity. Such secrecy
flies in the face of the classic block-
chain ethos.
Any transactions that go through
Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies
are recorded as part of the block-
chain process. Information such as
wallet transactions, IP address and
other details are collected. Being
able to trace all wallet transactions
could allow any interested parties
to infer not only spending patterns,
but also socio-economic status and similar. It may not give
away
exactly what is being purchased, but this information can help
build an overall picture of someone’s online spending habits.
Today, it is very much an exploration of what is possible. As
with
any technology, over time blockchain will become more refined
and
13. mature, and no doubt privacy capable and expandable as
needed. n
BUYER’S GUIDE
the business benefits
of blockchAin will not
mAteriAlise if the trust issue
is not Addressed effectively.
hurdles include understAnding
whether or not the public
ledger cAn be hAcked
http://www.computerweekly.com
https://www.computerweekly.com/ezine/Computer-
Weekly/Blockchain-expands-reach-beyond-finance
https://www.computerweekly.com/ezine/Computer-
Weekly/Blockchain-expands-reach-beyond-finance
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252464948/Gartner-
Blockchain-lacks-functionality-needed-by-enterprise
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252464948/Gartner-
Blockchain-lacks-functionality-needed-by-enterprise
https://home.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/co/pdf/2018/09/kpmg-
realizing-blockchains-potential.pdf
https://home.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/co/pdf/2018/09/kpmg-
realizing-blockchains-potential.pdf
https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/news/252443993/McAfee-
details-rise-in-blockchain-threats-cryptocurrency-attacks
Copyright of Computer Weekly is the property of TechTarget,
Inc. and its content may not be
copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv
14. without the copyright holder's
express written permission. However, users may print,
download, or email articles for
individual use.
benefits magazine may 201920
C OM ING T O GR IP S W I T H
BLOCKCHAIN
by | Michael Stoyanovich and Frank E. Tanz
may 2019 benefits magazine 21
Blockchain is more than just a buzzword, and benefits
organizations should begin
familiarizing themselves with the concept. The authors explain
the basics of this
much-hyped technology and describe its potential applications.
benefits magazine may 201922
N
o doubt you’ve heard or read
about blockchain technol-
ogy.1 There’s certainly been a
lot of hype. But you’re prob-
ably more than a little fuzzy on what
15. blockchain is and what, if anything, it
can do for your organization now. You
have a lot of questions, which we will
try to answer.
While it’s still too early for you to
worry about adopting blockchain in
your benefits-centric organization, it’s
not too soon to start learning what it is,
to educate yourself and to be prepared.
Remember where cloud computing
stood six or seven years ago? Everyone
was talking about it, but relatively few
organizations used it, let alone under-
stood it. That’s where blockchain is to-
day. Like the cloud, blockchain is more
than just a buzzword. It may have great
potential to transform your organiza-
tion. Just not yet.
What Is Blockchain?
Simply put, blockchain is a new
form of ledger. Remember that led-
gers are a collection of accounts, a list
of events and transactions. They used
to be books. Today they’re databases.
In the future, in many cases, they’ll be
blockchain.
A defining characteristic of block-
chain is that instead of storing and pro-
cessing data in a centralized database
(with a backup, of course), as we do to-
day, it uses distributed ledger technology.
16. This means that data is shared member
to member (more properly described as
peer to peer), across all the members of
a network (also known as nodes). See
Figure 1.
Any approved user can add or
change data in the blockchain and
instantly view transactions made by
other users. The data is replicated and
synchronized, all greatly minimizing
any chance of discrepancy or manipu-
lation.
Every piece of information a user
adds is mathematically encrypted.
Moreover, every time a user changes
a unit of data (a block) it automatically
re-encrypts all of the previous trans-
actions (the chain). As a result, the
blockchain data gets more secure every
time a user makes a change to the led-
ger. This significantly reduces the risk
of privacy breaches and unauthorized
data manipulation.
blockchain
FIGURE 1
This is how data is
processed and stored today.
This is how data is processed
and stored using blockchain.
17. Backup
Database
Node
Node
Node
Node
Node
Node
Node
may 2019 benefits magazine 23
Data cannot be manipulated without network consensus2
from most contributors to the blockchain. This ensures the
blockchain is transparent, consistent and almost completely
immutable3 without going through a centralized authority,
like a bank. See Figure 2.
What Are the Advantages of Blockchain?
In addition to giving users access to up-to-date informa-
tion, blockchain creates trust by providing a verifiable, de-
centralized record of transactions. The four key benefits are:
1. Transparency. Any user can examine the entire trans-
18. action history of the blockchain.
2. Integrity. Users are required to rely on the network’s
shared protocol.
3. Efficiency. Eliminating third parties minimizes settle-
ment times and reduces payment and processing fees.
4. Security. Verified transactions can’t be modified.
Blockchain is particularly valuable in low-trust envi-
ronments where participants can’t transact business di-
rectly or lack a trusted intermediary. For example, the
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) used it in
Serbia alongside several nongovernmental organizations.
People were allowed to receive remittances from their
families through a UNDP portal. The funds were sent di-
rectly to individuals’ digital identity cards, which could be
used to buy groceries and electricity and pay bills. Block-
chain was used to keep record of how the funds were al-
located, and it enabled everyone to trade where money
was spent.
Can Anyone Join a Blockchain?
That all depends on whether the blockchain is public or
private.
A public blockchain (like the cryptocurrency Bitcoin) is
open to all participants, and network expansion is encour-
aged. Anyone can run a node on the network. The complete
transaction history is visible to all. Consensus is achieved
through decentralized methods, such as proof of work, which
requires some type of work from the participants or proof
of stake, in which the creator of a new block is chosen in a
19. predetermined method, based on the existing wealth of the
participant.
On the other hand, a private blockchain is open only to
allowed participants. These are typically business partners
learn more
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blockchain
FIGURE 2
A Digital Ledger
It maintains a record
of all the transactions
on a peer-to-peer
network.
Immutable
All the data on
a blockchain is
encrypted, and every
change is recorded
so it can’t be changed.
Decentralized
There’s no
need for a
20. principal authority.
Versatile
Much more than
the platform for
cryptocurrencies,
blockchain can
be used to share
contracts, records
and other data.
Safe
Information is
encrypted so it can
be shared among
numerous members
in complete privacy.
benefits magazine may 201924
whose integrity is assumed. In a private blockchain, nodes can
have different levels of privileges and permissions. Consensus
can be achieved through a wider variety of methods (not nec-
essarily decentralized or computer-intensive methods).
Who Uses Blockchain?
Today, blockchain is being used most widely and aggres-
21. sively by many cryptocurrencies. However, it is being studied
for use in:
• Supply-chain management—to validate the sources
and quality of goods as they move from suppliers to
end users
• Financial services—to reduce the cost of real-time
transfers between bank accounts while mitigating
transactional risks
• Property rights—to register ownership by verifying
identity and preventing fraud and error
• Retail—to protect consumers who will not need to
provide personal information to make purchases.
Common examples of potential applications include:
• Smart contracts.4 Blockchain could expedite bicycle-
sharing systems 5 and automatically unlock the door to
rented lodgings.
• Cloud storage. Users could earn tokens (cryptocur-
rency) for storing other people’s data on their unused
hard drive space.
• Payroll. Cryptocurrencies make it easy to pay interna-
tional workers.
• Voting. Blockchain elections would be virtually un-
hackable.
• Business process management. Processes such as
claims adjustments could stretch across multiple orga-
nizations more fluidly and easily than today.
22. That said, aside from the cryptocurrencies, no major block-
chain initiatives have advanced beyond the research or beta
(limited testing) phase. There is no widespread market adop-
tion. Although there have been a slew of business press articles
purporting to describe how companies “use” blockchain, they
all describe planned initiatives, prototypes or limited imple-
mentations, not robust functioning environments.
Some of the possibilities for the use of blockchain in
health care, highlighted in a 2018 CB Insights6 report,
include:
• Managed-provider information management
• Drug supply-chain application
• Claims-management payments and prior authorization
• Patient health records and other patient-specific
applications.
While some of these initiatives may be available in the
near term, most are targeted as future endeavors.
Then Why All the Hype?
Blame it on the cryptocurrencies, which use blockchain,
especially bitcoin. In fact, blockchain and bitcoin are often
confused (See the sidebar “What’s the Difference Between
Blockchain and Bitcoin?”).
As of this writing, there were approximately 2,520 crypto-
currencies with market capitalization of $114.4 billion,7 but
the number and value of these cryptocurrences can fluctuate
drastically. The mostly positive coverage cryptocurrencies
have received has facilitated their rapid growth. This has led
to vast investments for blockchain startups, rising consumer
23. awareness and government support.
According to Bain & Company research, 80% of financial
executives think this new technology will be transformative.8
Moreover, 41% of respondents to a Deloitte global survey say
they expect their organizations will bring blockchain into
production within the next year, although 39% think the
technology is overhyped.9
Are There Any Drawbacks to Using Blockchain?
That depends on how you use it. When it comes to da-
tabases, blockchain’s advantages come with significant
takeaways
• Blockchain is a new form of ledger that shares mathematically
encrypted data across all members of a network. Data in the
ledger cannot be manipulated without network consensus from
most contributors to the blockchain.
• Key advantages of blockchain are transparency, integrity,
efficiency and security.
• Blockchain is used most widely by cryptocurrencies but is
being
studied for business uses including supply-chain management,
financial services, property rights and retail.
• Traditional databases may perform better than blockchain in
some
instances because they have faster processing times.
• Because the market for blockchain is not mature outside of
cryptocurrency, the technology will not make its way into
benefits
24. for some time.
blockchain
may 2019 benefits magazine 25
trade-offs. In some instances, traditional databases may
perform better than blockchain. This is because traditional
databases are usually centralized, which makes processing
time exponentially faster. This is an extremely important
consideration, especially if a transaction has to be com-
pleted quickly. For example, blockchain is not well-suited
for booking reservations or purchasing goods and servic-
es that are needed right away since the amount of time it
would take for consensus to be realized may be unaccept-
able.
In addition, like any database model, blockchain is not
100% immutable. System security depends on the adjacent
applications, which can be attacked and breached.
So What’s the Bottom Line About Blockchain?
While blockchain has real promise, much of its value has
yet to be realized. Pure potential is great for discussion but
poor for production.
To unlock the value of blockchain, you will need to un-
derstand how and if it aligns with your organization. For
example, blockchain works to solve trust problems by pro-
viding a verifiable, decentralized record of transactions and
allowing network members to post transactions directly to
other peers without having to go through an intermediary.
If you don’t require that kind of functionality, you may not
25. need blockchain.
When organizations determine they can benefit from
blockchain, it is important to beware of blockchain vapor-
ware (products that are marketed and either not delivered
or fail to even minimally meet expectations). As always,
buy only from vendors that present real solutions to real
problems rather than offering the latest “blockchain secret
sauce.”
For now, however, it is enough to know the technology.
Don’t feel pressured to adopt it yet. The market is not mature
outside of cryptocurrency, and it will take a while for viable
blockchain solutions to make their way into employee ben-
efits design and administration.
Endnotes
1. Blockchain technology will be referred to as blockchain
throughout
the article.
2. Consensus is a mechanism in which participants on the
blockchain
reach agreement on the validity of the ledger. It is a critical
feature of a
blockchain.
3. Immutable means not capable or susceptible to change.
4. Smart contracts are self-executed protocols that are activated
when
predetermined conditions are met. They add significant value to
blockchain
by allowing transactions to take place automatically without
human inter-
ference.
5. A bicycle-sharing system is a service in which bicycles are
made avail-
26. able for shared use to individuals on a short-term basis. They
are in use in
many major metropolitan areas.
6. “How Blockchain Technology Could Disrupt Healthcare,”
CB insights,
Research Report, accessed March 4, 2019. Available at
www.cbinsights.com
/research/report/blockchain-technology-healthcare-disruption/.
7. Investing.com, accessed Februar y 1, 2019,
www.investing.com
/crypto/currencies.
8. Thomas Olsen, Frank Ford, John Ott and Jennifer Zeng,
“Blockchain
in Financial Markets: How to Gain an Edge,” Bain & Company
Brief, Febru-
ary 9, 2017.
9. Linda Pawczuk, Rob Massey, David Schatsky, Breaking
blockchain
open—Deloitte’s 2018 global blockchain survey, January 2018.
Michael Stoyanovich is a vice
president and senior consultant with
the administrative and technology
consulting practice at Segal Consult-
ing. He has more than 20 years of
experience in the technology and benefits indus-
try, including extensive expertise in technology
and working with multiemployer plans. He can be
reached at [email protected]
Frank E. Tanz is a vice president and
senior consultant with Segal
Consulting. He has more than 20
years of experience in the Taft-
Hartley multiemployer industry
27. and is an expert in multiple disciplines, including
software engineering, database administration,
networking and system administration. He can
be reached at [email protected]
b
io
s
What’s the Difference Between Blockchain
and Bitcoin?
Blockchain is best known as the driving force behind the
dominant
cryptocurrency Bitcoin. But it’s not the same thing.
The confusion began in 2008 when a single white paper
introduced
both Bitcoin and blockchain. The first Bitcoin transaction took
place
the next year.
The proliferation of Bitcoin and the resulting media attention
led to
the incorrect assumption that Bitcoin and blockchain are
synony-
mous. Although blockchain powers Bitcoin, cryptocurrency is
but
one application of the technology. It has many other
applications.
blockchain
Copyright of Benefits Magazine is the property of International
28. Foundation of Employee
Benefits and its content may not be copied or emailed to
multiple sites or posted to a listserv
without the copyright holder's express written permission.
However, users may print,
download, or email articles for individual use.
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO BLOCKCHAIN
“BLOCKCHAIN” HAS MANY MEANINGS
“To understand the power of blockchain systems, and the things
they can do, it is
important to distinguish between three things that are commonly
muddled up, namely
the bitcoin currency, the specific blockchain that underpins it
and the idea of
blockchains in general.”
The Trust Machine, THE ECONOMIST, Oct. 31, 2015
“BLOCKCHAIN” HAS MANY MEANINGS
Phone
• The idea of a
phone network
• A specific phone
29. network (e.g.,
AT&T)
• A specific use of
the phone network
(e.g., fax)
Blockchain
• The idea of
blockchain
• The specific
blockchain that
underlies Bitcoin
or another coin
offering
• Bitcoin or another
cryptocurrency
WHAT IS BLOCKCHAIN?
A technology that:
permits transactions to be
gathered into blocks and recorded;
allows the resulting ledger to be
accessed by different servers.
cryptographically chains blocks
in chronological order; and
30. WHAT IS A DISTRIBUTED LEDGER?
Centralized Ledger
Bank
Client A
Client
C
Client D
Client
B
Distributed Ledger
Node A
Node B
Node CNode D
Node E
• There are multiple ledgers, but Bank holds the “golden record”
• Client B must reconcile its own ledger against that of Bank,
and
must convince Bank of the “true state” of the Bank ledger if
discrepancies arise
• There is one ledger. All Nodes have some level of access to
31. that
ledger.
• All Nodes agree to a protocol that determines the “true state”
of
the ledger at any point in time. The application of this protocol
is
sometimes called “achieving consensus.”
WHAT IS A DISTRIBUTED LEDGER?
Single Entity Multiple Entities
HOW MIGHT A DISTRIBUTED LEDGER WORK?
Users initiate
transactions
using their Digital
Signatures
Users Broadcast
their
transactions to
Nodes
One or more
Nodes begin
validating each
transaction
32. Nodes aggregate
validated
transactions into
Blocks
Nodes Broadcast
Blocks to each
other
Consensus
protocol used
Block reflecting
“true state” is
chained to prior
Block
WHERE MIGHT BLOCKCHAIN USE CRYPTOGRAPHY?
• Digital Signatures
• Private/Public Keys
Initiation and Broadcasting
of Transaction
• Proof of Work and certain alternativesValidation of
Transaction
• Hash FunctionChaining Blocks
33. THE POWER OF DISTRIBUTED LEDGERS
BLOCKCHAIN
It can be used to allow
owners of assets to
exercise certain rights
associated with
ownership, and to
record the exercise of
those rights.
•Proxy Voting
It can be used to
record those
transfers of value or
ownership of assets
•These records may be
very difficult to alter,
such that they are
sometimes called
effectively immutable
It can be used to
transfer value or the
ownership of assets
•A human being or a
Smart Contract can
initiate the transfer
It can be used to
create value or issue
assets
34. It can be used without a central
authority by individuals or
entities with no basis to trust
each other
The degree of trust between users determines the technological
configuration of a distributed ledger.
HOW MIGHT DISTRIBUTED LEDGER PROPOSALS DIFFER?
Participation Open Closed
Permission Permissionless Permissioned
Ledger Design One ledger One ledger or Segregated ledgers
Validation Methodology depends on degree of trust between
nodes. Where there is no basis
for trust, may be achieved through proof of work, which
requires the algorithmic
solving of a cryptographic hash.
Consensus Mechanism Mechanism depends on degree of trust
between nodes. Where there is no
centralized authority, consensus may be determined
algorithmically.
References
• Stoyanovich, M., & Tanz, F. E. (2019). Coming to Grips with
35. Blockchain. Benefits Magazine,
56(5), 20-25. Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=f5h&AN=135900272&site=eds
-live
• Waldo, J. (2019). A Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Blockchain
Universe. Communications of the
ACM, 62(3), 38–42. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1145/3303868
• Burns, S. (2019). Blockchain: Hype Vs Reality. Computer
Weekly, 21-24. Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=f5h&AN=138564674&site=eds
-live
• Tarzey, B. (2019). Inside Blockchain and Its Various
Applications. Computer Weekly, 16-20.
Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=f5h&AN=138681123&site=eds
-live
• Carson, B., Romanelli, G., Walsh, P., & Zhumaev, A. (2018).
Blockchain beyond the hype:
What is the strategic business value? McKinsey Quarterly, (4),
118–127. Retrieved from http://
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=buh&AN=133693412&site=ed
s-live
A Brief Introduction to Blockchain“blockchain” Has many
meanings“Blockchain” has many meaningsWhat is
Blockchain?What is a Distributed Ledger?What is a distributed
ledger?How might a distributed ledger Work?Where might
Blockchain use cryptography?The power of Distributed
ledgersHow might distributed ledger proposals
differ?Questions?