Discussion 1: Emotional Expression Each culture has its own norms, attitudes, and beliefs that can impact how emotions are displayed. While researchers have discovered universality of emotions and facial expressions among cultures, the display and intensity of these emotions, facial expressions, and attributions differ across cultures. For example, in the Amish culture, members do not readily weep in the event of death because of the way they view death in the life cycle. Consider how the display of emotions is expressed in various cultures and how it may impact various aspects of their lives. For this Discussion, use your Final Project culture of interest and select another culture of interest to you. Think about the emotional expressions that you might observe in the two cultures during rites of passage, such as births, wedding ceremonies, and funerals. In addition, consider the similarities and differences of the expressions of the emotions that you might observe.  With these thoughts in mind: a brief description of the two cultures you selected. Then describe how each culture typically expresses two emotions (e.g., happiness, sadness, fear, and anger). Finally explain how these cultures influence the expression of these emotions. Support your responses using the Learning Resources and the current literature. Reference: Matsumoto, D. (2001). Culture and emotion. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), The handbook of culture and psychology (pp. 171–194). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2. Perception of Time The perception of time varies among cultures. Some cultures operate on actual clock time while others are event-centered. Event-centered time is less structured than clock time and focuses only on current events and circumstances. For example, in Africa, time is flexible, and it is based on events in the past, present, and the future. Time is perceived through the life of the individual and the tribe. (Shiraev & Levy, 2010) How might your culture’s perception of time impact your life? The cultural influence on time is not limited to differences in minutes and seconds. This perception might also affect behavior and attitudes if a culture is short-, middle-, or long-time oriented. Studies suggest there is a correlation between time and lifestyle, such as the pace of life, health, and happiness.  Consider the importance of the scholar-practitioner understanding a client or research populations’ perception of time to in terms of appointments, business organization, and risky health behaviors.   For this Discussion, consider your own ideas about time and how culture might influence the perception of time. Use your Final Project culture of interest and select another culture with a differing time orientation.  An explanation of how culture might influence the perception of time. Provide an example from two cultures and explain how each culture differs in its members’ perception of time. Support your responses with references to the Learning Resources. .

1. Discussion 1: Emotional Expression
Each culture has its own norms, attitudes, and beliefs that can
impact how emotions are displayed. While researchers have
discovered universality of emotions and facial expressions
among cultures, the display and intensity of these emotions,
facial expressions, and attributions differ across cultures. For
example, in the Amish culture, members do not readily weep in
the event of death because of the way they view death in the life
cycle. Consider how the display of emotions is expressed in
various cultures and how it may impact various aspects of their
lives.
For this Discussion, use your Final Project culture of interest
and select another culture of interest to you. Think about the
emotional expressions that you might observe in the two
cultures during rites of passage, such as births, wedding
ceremonies, and funerals. In addition, consider the similarities
and differences of the expressions of the emotions that you
might observe.
With these thoughts in mind:
a brief description of the two cultures you selected. Then
describe how each culture typically expresses two emotions
(e.g., happiness, sadness, fear, and anger). Finally explain how
these cultures influence the expression of these emotions.
Support your responses using the Learning Resources and the
current literature.
Reference:
Matsumoto, D. (2001). Culture and emotion. In D. Matsumoto
(Ed.), The handbook of culture and psychology (pp. 171–194).
New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
2. Perception of Time
The perception of time varies among cultures. Some cultures
operate on actual clock time while others are event-
centered. Event-centered time is less structured than clock time
and focuses only on current events and circumstances. For

2. example, in Africa, time is flexible, and it is based on events in
the past, present, and the future. Time is perceived through the
life of the individual and the tribe. (Shiraev & Levy, 2010) How
might your culture’s perception of time impact your life?
The cultural influence on time is not limited to differences in
minutes and seconds. This perception might also affect behavior
and attitudes if a culture is short-, middle-, or long-time
oriented. Studies suggest there is a correlation between time and
lifestyle, such as the pace of life, health, and happiness.
Consider the importance of the scholar-practitioner
understanding a client or research populations’ perception of
time to in terms of appointments, business organization, and
risky health behaviors.
For this Discussion, consider your own ideas about time and
how culture might influence the perception of time. Use your
Final Project culture of interest and select another culture with
a differing time orientation.
An explanation of how culture might influence the perception of
time. Provide an example from two cultures and explain how
each culture differs in its members’ perception of time. Support
your responses with references to the Learning Resources.
Respond to a colleague that selected a different culture. Support
your responses using the Learning Resources and the current
literature.
Reference:
Shiraev, E. B., & Levy, D. A. (2010). Cross-cultural
psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary
applications (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.