Discuss the major contents of the fund financial statements and govern.docx
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Discuss the major contents of the fund financial statements and government wide financial statements. Address why those statements are necessary in the government annual report. Specify what government financial statements are required to be included in the annual report. Then, compare and contrast the major contents of a selected fund financial statement or a government wide financial statement to a similar financial statement prepared under GAAP. Compare and contrast the users, objectives, contents and format of the government financial statement you selected and its GAAP counterpart. Solution Major contents are given below: Fund financial statements : These are the statements for reporting government accountability in case of short-term and long-term liabilities. Government-wide financial statements : These are the statements for reporting the operating and financial results of a government firm. The fund-structure of the firm need not be disclosed there. Examples of government-wide financial statements are .
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Shared Services Canada - Reports on Plans and Priorities 2014-2015
Shared Services Canada has released their new plan for the upcoming fiscal.
Complete the multiple choice questions in Exercise 12-15, p. 510.docx
Complete
the multiple choice questions in Exercise 12-15, p. 510:
1-10
PLEASE USE APA GUIDELINES
TITLE IT: MULTIPLE CHOICE ASSIGNMENT
12-15 Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.
1. Budgets of government entities:
Are integrated with the financial accounting system.
Enable governments to demonstrate compliance with laws and to communicate performance effectiveness.
Are adopted by governments after required public hearings.
All of the above.
2. Which of the following statements regarding budgets of not-for-profit organizations is true?
Not-for-profit organization budgets are legal documents reflecting plans for spending resources.
A not-for-profit entity may choose to prepare a budget to demonstrate accountability to its resource providers, such as donors and grantors.
The budgeting approaches used for governments generally cannot be used by not-for-profit entities.
All of the above statements are true.
3. Page 511Which of the following steps would not usually be part of the budgeting process?
Heads of operating departments prepare budget requests.
The chief executive (mayor or city manager, as appropriate) formally adopts the budget, thus giving it the force of law.
One or more public budget hearings are held.
Budget officer and other central administrators review and make adjustments to departmental requests.
4. The budgeting principle in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for state and local governments states that:
The accounting system should provide the basis for appropriate budgetary control.
Budgetary comparison schedules should be presented as required supplementary information for the General Fund and each major special revenue fund that has a legally adopted budget.
Annual budgets should be adopted by each government.
All of the above.
5. The budgetary comparisons required of state and local governments under GASB standards:
Can be presented as a schedule within required supplementary information (RSI) or as a statement in the basic financial statements.
Must be a schedule included as part of RSI.
Continues to be a statement included in the basic financial statements.
Is no longer required.
6. An approach to budgeting that requires the very existence of each program and the amount of resources requested to be allocated to that program to be justified each year is called:
Incremental budgeting.
Zero-based budgeting.
Performance budgeting.
Planning-programming-budgeting.
7. Which of the following does not represent a performance measurement group under the balanced scorecard?
Customer.
Internal business processes.
Economy and efficiency.
Learning and growth.
8. Governments that choose to report service efforts and accomplishments (SEA):
Must adhere to GASB SEA gui.
Overview of Financial Statements(I need help explaining the follow.pdf
Overview of Financial Statements
(I need help explaining the following and/or demonstrating it for my upcoming exam if anyone
could help me comprehend the concepts I would greatly appreciate it!!)
Describe and interpret the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of stockholder’s equity
Describe the relationship between current assets and current liabilities
Describe the difference between interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing liabilities
Explain the components of change on a statement of stockholder’s equity
Solution
Answer 1:
Balance Sheet:
Balance sheet is a financial statement that summarizes a company\'s assets, liabilities and
shareholders\' equity at a specific point in time. It is a Position Statement which give investors an
idea as to what the company owns and owes as well as the amount invested by shareholders. The
balance sheet adheres to the following formula: Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders\' Equity
Interpreting a Balance Sheet
The balance sheet is a snapshot, representing the state of a company\'s finances at a moment in
time. By itself, it cannot give a sense of the trends that are playing out over a longer period. For
this reason, the balance sheet should be compared with those of previous periods. A number of
ratios can be derived from the balance sheet, helping investors get a sense of how healthy a
company is. These include the debt-to-equity ratio and the acid-test ratio, along with many
others.
Income Statement:
An income statement also known as the \"profit and loss statement\" or \"statement of revenue
and expense\" is a financial statement that measures a company\'s financial performance over a
specific accounting period. Financial performance is assessed by giving a summary of how the
business incurs its revenues and expenses through both operating and non-operating activities. It
also shows the net profit or loss incurred over a specific accounting period, typically over a fiscal
quarter or year.
Interpreting Income Statement
The income statement is divided into two parts: the operating and non-operating sections. The
portion of the income statement that deals with operating items is interesting to investors and
analysts alike because this section discloses information about revenues and expenses that are a
direct result of the regular business operations. The non-operating items section discloses
revenue and expense information about activities that are not tied directly to a company\'s
regular operations.
Stateent of Stockholders\' equity
Stockholders\' equity is the money attributable to a business\' owners, often referred to as
shareholders. It is also known as \"net assets,\" since it is equivalent to the total assets of a
company minus its liabilities, that is, the debt it owes to non-shareholders. The statement of
shareholders\' equity details the changes within the equity section of the balance sheet over a
designated period of time. In other words, the statement of stockholder\'s equity is a b.
Analysis of Financial Statements- Basics of Financial Statements
Comparative Statements,
Common size statements,
Trend analysis
Financial statements viz. the income and the position statement i.e. the balance sheet, are indicators of two significant factors : profitability and financial soundness. Analysis of statements means such a treatment of the information contained in the two statements as to afford a full diagnosis of the profitability and financial position of the firm concerned.
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Complete the multiple choice questions in Exercise 12-15, p. 510.docx
Complete
the multiple choice questions in Exercise 12-15, p. 510:
1-10
PLEASE USE APA GUIDELINES
TITLE IT: MULTIPLE CHOICE ASSIGNMENT
12-15 Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.
1. Budgets of government entities:
Are integrated with the financial accounting system.
Enable governments to demonstrate compliance with laws and to communicate performance effectiveness.
Are adopted by governments after required public hearings.
All of the above.
2. Which of the following statements regarding budgets of not-for-profit organizations is true?
Not-for-profit organization budgets are legal documents reflecting plans for spending resources.
A not-for-profit entity may choose to prepare a budget to demonstrate accountability to its resource providers, such as donors and grantors.
The budgeting approaches used for governments generally cannot be used by not-for-profit entities.
All of the above statements are true.
3. Page 511Which of the following steps would not usually be part of the budgeting process?
Heads of operating departments prepare budget requests.
The chief executive (mayor or city manager, as appropriate) formally adopts the budget, thus giving it the force of law.
One or more public budget hearings are held.
Budget officer and other central administrators review and make adjustments to departmental requests.
4. The budgeting principle in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for state and local governments states that:
The accounting system should provide the basis for appropriate budgetary control.
Budgetary comparison schedules should be presented as required supplementary information for the General Fund and each major special revenue fund that has a legally adopted budget.
Annual budgets should be adopted by each government.
All of the above.
5. The budgetary comparisons required of state and local governments under GASB standards:
Can be presented as a schedule within required supplementary information (RSI) or as a statement in the basic financial statements.
Must be a schedule included as part of RSI.
Continues to be a statement included in the basic financial statements.
Is no longer required.
6. An approach to budgeting that requires the very existence of each program and the amount of resources requested to be allocated to that program to be justified each year is called:
Incremental budgeting.
Zero-based budgeting.
Performance budgeting.
Planning-programming-budgeting.
7. Which of the following does not represent a performance measurement group under the balanced scorecard?
Customer.
Internal business processes.
Economy and efficiency.
Learning and growth.
8. Governments that choose to report service efforts and accomplishments (SEA):
Must adhere to GASB SEA gui.
Overview of Financial Statements(I need help explaining the follow.pdf
Overview of Financial Statements
(I need help explaining the following and/or demonstrating it for my upcoming exam if anyone
could help me comprehend the concepts I would greatly appreciate it!!)
Describe and interpret the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of stockholder’s equity
Describe the relationship between current assets and current liabilities
Describe the difference between interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing liabilities
Explain the components of change on a statement of stockholder’s equity
Solution
Answer 1:
Balance Sheet:
Balance sheet is a financial statement that summarizes a company\'s assets, liabilities and
shareholders\' equity at a specific point in time. It is a Position Statement which give investors an
idea as to what the company owns and owes as well as the amount invested by shareholders. The
balance sheet adheres to the following formula: Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders\' Equity
Interpreting a Balance Sheet
The balance sheet is a snapshot, representing the state of a company\'s finances at a moment in
time. By itself, it cannot give a sense of the trends that are playing out over a longer period. For
this reason, the balance sheet should be compared with those of previous periods. A number of
ratios can be derived from the balance sheet, helping investors get a sense of how healthy a
company is. These include the debt-to-equity ratio and the acid-test ratio, along with many
others.
Income Statement:
An income statement also known as the \"profit and loss statement\" or \"statement of revenue
and expense\" is a financial statement that measures a company\'s financial performance over a
specific accounting period. Financial performance is assessed by giving a summary of how the
business incurs its revenues and expenses through both operating and non-operating activities. It
also shows the net profit or loss incurred over a specific accounting period, typically over a fiscal
quarter or year.
Interpreting Income Statement
The income statement is divided into two parts: the operating and non-operating sections. The
portion of the income statement that deals with operating items is interesting to investors and
analysts alike because this section discloses information about revenues and expenses that are a
direct result of the regular business operations. The non-operating items section discloses
revenue and expense information about activities that are not tied directly to a company\'s
regular operations.
Stateent of Stockholders\' equity
Stockholders\' equity is the money attributable to a business\' owners, often referred to as
shareholders. It is also known as \"net assets,\" since it is equivalent to the total assets of a
company minus its liabilities, that is, the debt it owes to non-shareholders. The statement of
shareholders\' equity details the changes within the equity section of the balance sheet over a
designated period of time. In other words, the statement of stockholder\'s equity is a b.
Analysis of Financial Statements- Basics of Financial Statements
Comparative Statements,
Common size statements,
Trend analysis
Financial statements viz. the income and the position statement i.e. the balance sheet, are indicators of two significant factors : profitability and financial soundness. Analysis of statements means such a treatment of the information contained in the two statements as to afford a full diagnosis of the profitability and financial position of the firm concerned.
51 Using the annual financial report obtained for Exercise.pdf
5-1. Using the annual financial report obtained for Exercise 11, answer the following questions: a.
Examine the governmental fund financial statements. Are any major capital projects funds
included? If so, list them. Attempt to find out the nature and purpose of the projects from the letter
of transmittal, the notes, or MD&A. What are the major sources of funding, such as bond sales,
intergovernmental grants, and transfers from other funds? Were the projects completed during the
year? b. Again looking at the governmental fund financial statements, are any major debt service
funds included? If so, list them. What are the sources of funding for these debt service payments?
c. Does your report include supplemental information including combining statements for nonmajor
funds? If so, are any capital projects and debt service funds included? If so, list them. Indicate the
major revenue and other financing source categories for these funds.d. Review the governmental
fund Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances, specifically the
expenditure classification. Compute a ratio of capital outlay/total expenditures. Again, compute a
ratio of debt service/total expenditures. Compare those with your classmates' ratios. Comment on
the possible meaning of these ratios. e. Review the notes to the financial statements, specifically
the note (in the summary of significant accounting policies) regarding the definition of modified
accrual accounting. Does the note specifically indicate that modified accrual accounting is used for
capital projects and debt service funds? Does the note indicate that debt service payments, both
principal and interest, are recorded as an expenditure when due? f. Does your government report
capital leases payable in the government-wide Statement of Net Position? If so, can you
determine if new capital leases were initiated during the year? Can you trace the payments related
to capital leases? g. Does your government report any permanent funds, either major or
nonmajor? If so, list them. What are the amounts of the permanent resources available for
governmental purposes? What is/are the governmental purpose(s)?.
Using the annual financial report obtained for Bxercise 11, answer th.pdf
Using the annual financial report obtained for Bxercise 11, answer the following questions: a.
Review the Statement of Net Position for the proprietary funds. Is the Net Position or the
Balance Sheet format used? List the major enterprise funds from that statement. Is the statement
classified between current and noncurrent assets and liabilities? Is net position broken down into
the three classifications shown in your text? Is a separate column shown for internal service
funds? b. Review the Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Net Position for the
proprietary funds. Is the "all-inclusive" format used? Are revenues reported by source? Are
expenses (not expenditures) reported by function or by object classification? Is depreciation
reported separately? Is operating income, or a similar title, displayed? Are nonoperating revenues
and expenses shown separately after operating income? Are capital contributions, extraordinary
and special items, and transfers shown separately? List any extraordinary and special items. c.
Review the Statement of Cash Flows for the proprietary funds. List the four categories of cash
flows. Are they the same as shown in the text? Are interest receipts reported as cash flows from
investing activities? Are interest payments shown as financing activities? Is the direct method
used? Is a reconciliation shown from operating income to net cash provided by operations? Are
capital assets acquired from financing activities shown as decreases in cash flows from financing
activities? Does the ending cash balance agree with the cash balance shown in the Statement of
Net Position (note that restricted assets may be included)? d. If your government has a CAFR,
look to any combining statements and list the nonmajor enterprise funds. List the internal service
funds. e. Examine the financial statements from the point of view of a financial analyst. Write
down the unrestricted net position balances for each of the major
enterprise funds and (if you have a CAFR) the nonmajor enterprise funds and internal service
funds. Look at the long-term debt of major enterprise funds. Can you tell from the statements or
the notes whether the debt is general obligation or revenue in nature? Write down the income
before contributions, extraordinary items, special items, and transfers for each of the funds.
Compare these numbers with prior years, if the information is provided in your financial
statements. Look at the transfers. Can you tell if the general government is subsidizing or is
subsidized by enterprise funds?.
For governments that implement GASB Statement No. 34, the fund finan.pdf
For governments that implement GASB Statement No. 34, the fund financial statements will
accompany Management\'s Discussion and Analysis and the government-wide statements. The
fund financial statements are used to report additional detailed information about the primary
government not found in the government-wide statements and focus on major funds of the
primary government.
The GWFS are reported using the economic resources measurement focus and the full accrual
basis of accounting. GWFS report information about the government as a whole without
displaying individual funds or fund types. Distinctions should be made in the GWFS between the
primary government and its discretely presented component units, as well as between
governmental activities and business-type activities. Fiduciary activities are not included in the
GWFS.
GWFS include:
The Government-wide Financial Statements and Fund Financial Statements have a different
measurement focus and basis of accounting. To help the user understand and assess the
relationship between fund-based and government-wide financial statements, local governments
will be required to present a summary reconciliationthat will show the interplay between the two
types of statements.
Balance sheet - The basic statement of position for governmental funds reports the difference
between assets and liabilities as fund balance. Fund balance is divided into reserved and
unreserved components. This is the same statement that is contained in the AUD and ST3.
Statement of revenues, expenditures and changes in fund balance-The basic statement of
activities for governmental funds reports revenues by source and expenditures by function just as
they are currently reported. Since long-term liabilities and capital assets have been incorporated
into the government-wide statements the accounts groups will no longer be reported in the
statements. A revised supplemental schedule will be included in the AUD and ST3 to continue to
accumulate this information. Statement of net assets- The basic statement of position for
proprietary funds reports the difference between assets and liabilities as net assets. Net assets are
divided into invested in capital assets, restricted and unrestricted.Statement of revenues,
expenses and changes in fund net assets- The basic statement of activities for proprietary funds
distinguishes operating and non-operating revenues and expenses.Statement of cash flows - This
statement will now be required to be prepared on the direct method where operating cash flows
will be reported by source. This is not a change for local governments since OSC has already
required this method.
Solution
For governments that implement GASB Statement No. 34, the fund financial statements will
accompany Management\'s Discussion and Analysis and the government-wide statements. The
fund financial statements are used to report additional detailed information about the primary
government not found in the government-wide statement.
Management Accounting - FS Analysis & Interpretation
Financial Statements :Nature, uses and limitations. Analysis and interpretations – meaning, procedure, objectives, and importance. Comparative statement, Common Size Statements and Trend Analysis - practical problems. Comparative financial statements are prepared by arranging financial data of two or more financial years in two side by side column.
Any financial statement that reports and comparison of data of two or more consecutive accounting periods are known as comparative financial statements.
Income statement or profit and loss account.
What is external financial report
what is external financial report and what are the purpose for making it.
Analysis of financial statements on idea
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON IDEA (ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
the finance or accounting director has asked you to report on the fu.docx
the finance or accounting director has asked you to report on the funds and financial status of your government entity (pretend he or she is your boss). Your boss will present the information to various users, so current and future decisions can be determined about your government entity.
Using your CAFR,
prepare
a 10- to 12-slide presentation responding to the following:
Compare private sector financial accounting with accounting for government and not-for-profit organizations.
Describe the purpose of government accounting and financial reporting.
What types of funds are listed on the fund financial statements from the CAFR?
How are the fund balances reported?
Did the general fund show an increase or decrease in the fund balance? What does this mean?
What are the primary financial statements issued for the funds? What about total government activities?
Which statement shows whether your entity is financially better or worse for the year?
Why is there a reconciliation required between the fund financial statements and government wide statements?
Is there a budget to actually schedule in the CAFR? What basis did your entity use to prepare the budget? Are there any limitations of the budget to actual comparisons?
.
[removed]1Government.docx
[removed]
1
Governmental and Not-for-Profit Accounting
Fall 2016
Project (100 points)
Obtain a copy of Comprehensive A
nnual Financial Report (CAFR) o
nline, either from Blackboard or
on the website of any municipality of your selection. Review t
he CAFR you select and answer the
following questions. Your answers
should be concise but to the
point.
This is an individual project
. You can collaborate with others
but you should submit project answers
individually. If you collaborat
e with your classmate(s), you s
hould indicate the name of persons you
collaborate with in the project.
A word about answering the questio
ns below: Don’t just answer “
yes” or “no”; try to elaborate by
combining the knowledge you learnt
from the class. This certai
nly will help you e
arn better grade
from this project.
You are required to type the ans
wers. Present your answers in
a nice and neat format; just think about
how you would make it easier to
read. A portion of your grade
will be based on the p
resentation of
project.
Part I Overview of report
1.
What are three main sections of the report?
2.
Review the introductory secti
on of the CAFR. What are key issu
es addressed in the letter of
transmittal?
3.
Review the financial section.
a.
Does the report provide a r
econciliation betw
een total governme
ntal net position per the
government-wide statement of net position and total governmenta
l fund balances per the
governmental funds balance sheet? If so, what are the main rec
onciling items?
b.
What are the major governmental
funds maintained by the entity?
c.
Does the report include “require
d supplementary information?”
If so, what are the main
areas addressed?
d.
Does the report include “combin
ing statements?” If so, what is
the nature of these
statements?
4.
Review the statistical section.
a.
What is the population of th
e entity being reported on?
b.
Who is the entity’s major employer?
c.
What is the amount of net debt per
capita? The city’s legal de
bt margin? The amount of
direct and overlapping debt?
5.
Component units
a.
Does the notes to the financial s
tatements indicate the compone
nt units that are included
within the reporting entity? D
o they indicate any units that a
re not included? Do they
explain why these units are
included or excluded?
b.
How are the component units presented in the government-wide fi
nancial statements? In
the fund statements?
2
Part II Budget
1.
In which section of the CAFR are
the budget-to-actual compariso
ns of the major funds?
a.
Which accounting basis did the City follow to prepare its annua
l operating budget?
b.
Are the actual amounts on a GAAP or a budgetary basis? Do the
statements include a
reconciliation of any difference
s between GAAP and budgetary am
ounts? If so, what are
the largest reconciled items?
c.
Are the reported variances base
d on the original budget or the
year-end amended budget?
2.
Does the CAFR include budget-to-
actual comparisons of nonmajor
funds? If so, in what sections?
3.
Do.
Scenario for Assignments 1-5For AssScenario for Assignments 1-.docx
Scenario for Assignments 1-5
For Ass
Scenario for Assignments 1-5
For Assignments 1-5, you are the new budgeting and finance administrator for your local government agency. Your first responsibility is to become familiar with the agency, the budget, programs, and capital projects. As the administrator, you will be responsible for analyzing, examining, proposing, and preparing the agency’s budget for the next five (5) years.
Note:
Students cannot use New York City as a selected local government
Assignment 1:
The Operating Budget
Due Week 4 and worth 150 points
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper, titled Part I: The Operating Budget for the (Selected Agency) in which you separate the content into sections:
Provide background information about the agency, mission, goals, objectives, departments, and strategic plan. (Title this section Introduction.)
Describe the budget of the agency by addressing the following items: (Title this section Budget Overview.)
Financial Summary, including Revenue and Expenditures
Department Budgets
Funding
Capital Projects
Debt Administration
Perform a Cost Analysis. (Title this section Cost Analysis.) The costs should include the following:
Fixed Costs
Step-fixed Costs
Variable Costs
Identify and explain one to two (1-2) challenges you will have in managing the budget. (Title this section Budget Challenges.)
Recommend two to three (2-3) strategies the agency should review regarding new initiatives and budget cuts over the next five (5) years. (Title this section Budget Recommendations.)
Include the agency’s most recent budget or financial plan.
Provide the agency’s Website name, URL, and any other sources used to support the assignment’s criteria.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Analyze the basic skills and tools needed for budgeting for public sector agencies and / or departments.
Recommend appropriate policy actions based on the evaluation.
Evaluate a budgeting system at any governmental level.
Analyze the scope and sequence of budgeting in terms of sources of revenues, purpose of government expenditures, budget cycles, budget preparation, and debt administration.
Examine the process and components of preparing a viable operating budget.
Prepare a preliminary budgeting system for presentation before Congress, state / local government, or other organization.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in public budgeting and finance.
Write clearly and concisely ...
Alice intends to send a secure message to Bob- (1) What are the threat.docx
Alice intends to send a secure message to Bob.
(1) What are the threats that Alice should be concerned about in sending messages to Bob?
(2) What information does Alice need if symmetric key encryption is used?
(3) What is needed if asymmetric key encryption is used?
(4) Is encryption alone sufficient to defend against these threats?
Solution
Alice intends to send a secure message to Bob.
(1). The threats that Alice should be concerned about in sending messages to Bob are,,,
a.Eavesdropping
b.Traffic analysis
c.cryptanalysis
(2).  Alice needs the information if symmetric key encryption used is...
* Symmetric-key cryptography is a mechanism by which the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting.
(3). if asymmetric key encryption is used the needed thing is...
* asymmetric key encryption is used Two keys are a public and a private one. The public one is available for everyone, but the private one is known only by the owner.
(4). No, Encryption alone is not sufficient to defend against these threats.
.
Add a function prototype for the function sumNum- # include using nam.docx
Add a function prototype for the function sumNum. # include using namespace sted; int main (void) { float val; float amount; int n; cin >> val >> n; sumNum (amount, val, n); cout
Solution
Prototype of function :
In function concept prototype declaration is necessary in order to provide information to the compiler about function, about return type, parameter list and function name etc.
Program :
# include<iostream .h >
using namespace std;
float sumNum(float,float, int);
/* prototype for the function sumNum it accept the sum value which is a float value and parameter list mentioned, i.e. float,float, int */
int main (void) //main function
float amount;
int n;
cin>>val>>n; // Accept the value
sumNum(amount,val,n); // Calling function
cout<<amount<<end1;
}
void sumNum(float &sum, float x,int n); // Called function
{
int i;
sum=0.0; //Intilise the sum value to zero.
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
sum=sum+i*x; // calculate the sum
}
return sum; // Here we return sum value
}
.
More Related Content
Similar to Discuss the major contents of the fund financial statements and govern.docx
51 Using the annual financial report obtained for Exercise.pdf
5-1. Using the annual financial report obtained for Exercise 11, answer the following questions: a.
Examine the governmental fund financial statements. Are any major capital projects funds
included? If so, list them. Attempt to find out the nature and purpose of the projects from the letter
of transmittal, the notes, or MD&A. What are the major sources of funding, such as bond sales,
intergovernmental grants, and transfers from other funds? Were the projects completed during the
year? b. Again looking at the governmental fund financial statements, are any major debt service
funds included? If so, list them. What are the sources of funding for these debt service payments?
c. Does your report include supplemental information including combining statements for nonmajor
funds? If so, are any capital projects and debt service funds included? If so, list them. Indicate the
major revenue and other financing source categories for these funds.d. Review the governmental
fund Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances, specifically the
expenditure classification. Compute a ratio of capital outlay/total expenditures. Again, compute a
ratio of debt service/total expenditures. Compare those with your classmates' ratios. Comment on
the possible meaning of these ratios. e. Review the notes to the financial statements, specifically
the note (in the summary of significant accounting policies) regarding the definition of modified
accrual accounting. Does the note specifically indicate that modified accrual accounting is used for
capital projects and debt service funds? Does the note indicate that debt service payments, both
principal and interest, are recorded as an expenditure when due? f. Does your government report
capital leases payable in the government-wide Statement of Net Position? If so, can you
determine if new capital leases were initiated during the year? Can you trace the payments related
to capital leases? g. Does your government report any permanent funds, either major or
nonmajor? If so, list them. What are the amounts of the permanent resources available for
governmental purposes? What is/are the governmental purpose(s)?.
Using the annual financial report obtained for Bxercise 11, answer th.pdf
Using the annual financial report obtained for Bxercise 11, answer the following questions: a.
Review the Statement of Net Position for the proprietary funds. Is the Net Position or the
Balance Sheet format used? List the major enterprise funds from that statement. Is the statement
classified between current and noncurrent assets and liabilities? Is net position broken down into
the three classifications shown in your text? Is a separate column shown for internal service
funds? b. Review the Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Net Position for the
proprietary funds. Is the "all-inclusive" format used? Are revenues reported by source? Are
expenses (not expenditures) reported by function or by object classification? Is depreciation
reported separately? Is operating income, or a similar title, displayed? Are nonoperating revenues
and expenses shown separately after operating income? Are capital contributions, extraordinary
and special items, and transfers shown separately? List any extraordinary and special items. c.
Review the Statement of Cash Flows for the proprietary funds. List the four categories of cash
flows. Are they the same as shown in the text? Are interest receipts reported as cash flows from
investing activities? Are interest payments shown as financing activities? Is the direct method
used? Is a reconciliation shown from operating income to net cash provided by operations? Are
capital assets acquired from financing activities shown as decreases in cash flows from financing
activities? Does the ending cash balance agree with the cash balance shown in the Statement of
Net Position (note that restricted assets may be included)? d. If your government has a CAFR,
look to any combining statements and list the nonmajor enterprise funds. List the internal service
funds. e. Examine the financial statements from the point of view of a financial analyst. Write
down the unrestricted net position balances for each of the major
enterprise funds and (if you have a CAFR) the nonmajor enterprise funds and internal service
funds. Look at the long-term debt of major enterprise funds. Can you tell from the statements or
the notes whether the debt is general obligation or revenue in nature? Write down the income
before contributions, extraordinary items, special items, and transfers for each of the funds.
Compare these numbers with prior years, if the information is provided in your financial
statements. Look at the transfers. Can you tell if the general government is subsidizing or is
subsidized by enterprise funds?.
For governments that implement GASB Statement No. 34, the fund finan.pdf
For governments that implement GASB Statement No. 34, the fund financial statements will
accompany Management\'s Discussion and Analysis and the government-wide statements. The
fund financial statements are used to report additional detailed information about the primary
government not found in the government-wide statements and focus on major funds of the
primary government.
The GWFS are reported using the economic resources measurement focus and the full accrual
basis of accounting. GWFS report information about the government as a whole without
displaying individual funds or fund types. Distinctions should be made in the GWFS between the
primary government and its discretely presented component units, as well as between
governmental activities and business-type activities. Fiduciary activities are not included in the
GWFS.
GWFS include:
The Government-wide Financial Statements and Fund Financial Statements have a different
measurement focus and basis of accounting. To help the user understand and assess the
relationship between fund-based and government-wide financial statements, local governments
will be required to present a summary reconciliationthat will show the interplay between the two
types of statements.
Balance sheet - The basic statement of position for governmental funds reports the difference
between assets and liabilities as fund balance. Fund balance is divided into reserved and
unreserved components. This is the same statement that is contained in the AUD and ST3.
Statement of revenues, expenditures and changes in fund balance-The basic statement of
activities for governmental funds reports revenues by source and expenditures by function just as
they are currently reported. Since long-term liabilities and capital assets have been incorporated
into the government-wide statements the accounts groups will no longer be reported in the
statements. A revised supplemental schedule will be included in the AUD and ST3 to continue to
accumulate this information. Statement of net assets- The basic statement of position for
proprietary funds reports the difference between assets and liabilities as net assets. Net assets are
divided into invested in capital assets, restricted and unrestricted.Statement of revenues,
expenses and changes in fund net assets- The basic statement of activities for proprietary funds
distinguishes operating and non-operating revenues and expenses.Statement of cash flows - This
statement will now be required to be prepared on the direct method where operating cash flows
will be reported by source. This is not a change for local governments since OSC has already
required this method.
Solution
For governments that implement GASB Statement No. 34, the fund financial statements will
accompany Management\'s Discussion and Analysis and the government-wide statements. The
fund financial statements are used to report additional detailed information about the primary
government not found in the government-wide statement.
Management Accounting - FS Analysis & Interpretation
Financial Statements :Nature, uses and limitations. Analysis and interpretations – meaning, procedure, objectives, and importance. Comparative statement, Common Size Statements and Trend Analysis - practical problems. Comparative financial statements are prepared by arranging financial data of two or more financial years in two side by side column.
Any financial statement that reports and comparison of data of two or more consecutive accounting periods are known as comparative financial statements.
Income statement or profit and loss account.
What is external financial report
what is external financial report and what are the purpose for making it.
Analysis of financial statements on idea
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON IDEA (ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
the finance or accounting director has asked you to report on the fu.docx
the finance or accounting director has asked you to report on the funds and financial status of your government entity (pretend he or she is your boss). Your boss will present the information to various users, so current and future decisions can be determined about your government entity.
Using your CAFR,
prepare
a 10- to 12-slide presentation responding to the following:
Compare private sector financial accounting with accounting for government and not-for-profit organizations.
Describe the purpose of government accounting and financial reporting.
What types of funds are listed on the fund financial statements from the CAFR?
How are the fund balances reported?
Did the general fund show an increase or decrease in the fund balance? What does this mean?
What are the primary financial statements issued for the funds? What about total government activities?
Which statement shows whether your entity is financially better or worse for the year?
Why is there a reconciliation required between the fund financial statements and government wide statements?
Is there a budget to actually schedule in the CAFR? What basis did your entity use to prepare the budget? Are there any limitations of the budget to actual comparisons?
.
[removed]1Government.docx
[removed]
1
Governmental and Not-for-Profit Accounting
Fall 2016
Project (100 points)
Obtain a copy of Comprehensive A
nnual Financial Report (CAFR) o
nline, either from Blackboard or
on the website of any municipality of your selection. Review t
he CAFR you select and answer the
following questions. Your answers
should be concise but to the
point.
This is an individual project
. You can collaborate with others
but you should submit project answers
individually. If you collaborat
e with your classmate(s), you s
hould indicate the name of persons you
collaborate with in the project.
A word about answering the questio
ns below: Don’t just answer “
yes” or “no”; try to elaborate by
combining the knowledge you learnt
from the class. This certai
nly will help you e
arn better grade
from this project.
You are required to type the ans
wers. Present your answers in
a nice and neat format; just think about
how you would make it easier to
read. A portion of your grade
will be based on the p
resentation of
project.
Part I Overview of report
1.
What are three main sections of the report?
2.
Review the introductory secti
on of the CAFR. What are key issu
es addressed in the letter of
transmittal?
3.
Review the financial section.
a.
Does the report provide a r
econciliation betw
een total governme
ntal net position per the
government-wide statement of net position and total governmenta
l fund balances per the
governmental funds balance sheet? If so, what are the main rec
onciling items?
b.
What are the major governmental
funds maintained by the entity?
c.
Does the report include “require
d supplementary information?”
If so, what are the main
areas addressed?
d.
Does the report include “combin
ing statements?” If so, what is
the nature of these
statements?
4.
Review the statistical section.
a.
What is the population of th
e entity being reported on?
b.
Who is the entity’s major employer?
c.
What is the amount of net debt per
capita? The city’s legal de
bt margin? The amount of
direct and overlapping debt?
5.
Component units
a.
Does the notes to the financial s
tatements indicate the compone
nt units that are included
within the reporting entity? D
o they indicate any units that a
re not included? Do they
explain why these units are
included or excluded?
b.
How are the component units presented in the government-wide fi
nancial statements? In
the fund statements?
2
Part II Budget
1.
In which section of the CAFR are
the budget-to-actual compariso
ns of the major funds?
a.
Which accounting basis did the City follow to prepare its annua
l operating budget?
b.
Are the actual amounts on a GAAP or a budgetary basis? Do the
statements include a
reconciliation of any difference
s between GAAP and budgetary am
ounts? If so, what are
the largest reconciled items?
c.
Are the reported variances base
d on the original budget or the
year-end amended budget?
2.
Does the CAFR include budget-to-
actual comparisons of nonmajor
funds? If so, in what sections?
3.
Do.
Scenario for Assignments 1-5For AssScenario for Assignments 1-.docx
Scenario for Assignments 1-5
For Ass
Scenario for Assignments 1-5
For Assignments 1-5, you are the new budgeting and finance administrator for your local government agency. Your first responsibility is to become familiar with the agency, the budget, programs, and capital projects. As the administrator, you will be responsible for analyzing, examining, proposing, and preparing the agency’s budget for the next five (5) years.
Note:
Students cannot use New York City as a selected local government
Assignment 1:
The Operating Budget
Due Week 4 and worth 150 points
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper, titled Part I: The Operating Budget for the (Selected Agency) in which you separate the content into sections:
Provide background information about the agency, mission, goals, objectives, departments, and strategic plan. (Title this section Introduction.)
Describe the budget of the agency by addressing the following items: (Title this section Budget Overview.)
Financial Summary, including Revenue and Expenditures
Department Budgets
Funding
Capital Projects
Debt Administration
Perform a Cost Analysis. (Title this section Cost Analysis.) The costs should include the following:
Fixed Costs
Step-fixed Costs
Variable Costs
Identify and explain one to two (1-2) challenges you will have in managing the budget. (Title this section Budget Challenges.)
Recommend two to three (2-3) strategies the agency should review regarding new initiatives and budget cuts over the next five (5) years. (Title this section Budget Recommendations.)
Include the agency’s most recent budget or financial plan.
Provide the agency’s Website name, URL, and any other sources used to support the assignment’s criteria.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Analyze the basic skills and tools needed for budgeting for public sector agencies and / or departments.
Recommend appropriate policy actions based on the evaluation.
Evaluate a budgeting system at any governmental level.
Analyze the scope and sequence of budgeting in terms of sources of revenues, purpose of government expenditures, budget cycles, budget preparation, and debt administration.
Examine the process and components of preparing a viable operating budget.
Prepare a preliminary budgeting system for presentation before Congress, state / local government, or other organization.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in public budgeting and finance.
Write clearly and concisely ...
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51 Using the annual financial report obtained for Exercise.pdf
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For governments that implement GASB Statement No. 34, the fund finan.pdf
For governments that implement GASB Statement No. 34, the fund finan.pdf
Management Accounting - FS Analysis & Interpretation
Management Accounting - FS Analysis & Interpretation
the finance or accounting director has asked you to report on the fu.docx
the finance or accounting director has asked you to report on the fu.docx
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Alice intends to send a secure message to Bob.
(1) What are the threats that Alice should be concerned about in sending messages to Bob?
(2) What information does Alice need if symmetric key encryption is used?
(3) What is needed if asymmetric key encryption is used?
(4) Is encryption alone sufficient to defend against these threats?
Solution
Alice intends to send a secure message to Bob.
(1). The threats that Alice should be concerned about in sending messages to Bob are,,,
a.Eavesdropping
b.Traffic analysis
c.cryptanalysis
(2).  Alice needs the information if symmetric key encryption used is...
* Symmetric-key cryptography is a mechanism by which the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting.
(3). if asymmetric key encryption is used the needed thing is...
* asymmetric key encryption is used Two keys are a public and a private one. The public one is available for everyone, but the private one is known only by the owner.
(4). No, Encryption alone is not sufficient to defend against these threats.
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Add a function prototype for the function sumNum- # include using nam.docx
Add a function prototype for the function sumNum. # include using namespace sted; int main (void) { float val; float amount; int n; cin >> val >> n; sumNum (amount, val, n); cout
Solution
Prototype of function :
In function concept prototype declaration is necessary in order to provide information to the compiler about function, about return type, parameter list and function name etc.
Program :
# include<iostream .h >
using namespace std;
float sumNum(float,float, int);
/* prototype for the function sumNum it accept the sum value which is a float value and parameter list mentioned, i.e. float,float, int */
int main (void) //main function
float amount;
int n;
cin>>val>>n; // Accept the value
sumNum(amount,val,n); // Calling function
cout<<amount<<end1;
}
void sumNum(float &sum, float x,int n); // Called function
{
int i;
sum=0.0; //Intilise the sum value to zero.
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
sum=sum+i*x; // calculate the sum
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Add a new check on the emp table to make sure that any new employee in.docx
Add a new check on the emp table to make sure that any new employee inserted has sex either \'M\' or \'F\'. Create a new table called highway, with columns: empid and salary, and insert only those employees into this new table whose salary is greater than $40000. Write an SQL query that would return the department name and the maximum salary of that department (of only Male employees, i.e. Female employees should not be included). Using the IN operator, write a SQL statement that would return the first name, last names and the department names of those in \'MEN CLOTHING\' or \'WOMAN CLOTHING Display only those department names, and average salaries (rounded to the nearest dollar) of only those departments whose average salaries are greater than $33000. Create a view called ernp_manager_deptname with the employee last name (upper cased), manager name (lowercased) and the department name (lowercased) of each employee. Grant only view and change rights to the columns fname, lname and ssn to everyone. Create an INDEX for the emp table called indSSN on the column ssn and salary. Drop the index and revoke the grant Assume that there exists another column in the emp table called datejoined (which contains the date when the employee joined the company). Write a SQL query that gives the first name, last name and the number of days employed in the company.
Solution
1. ALTER TABLE emp ADD CHECK (sex=\'M\' OR sex=\'F\')
2.create table highpay(empid int,salary int)
insert into highpay select empid,salary from emp where salary>40000
3.select d.deptname,max(salary) from emp as e,dept as d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.sex=\'M\' group by d.deptname
4.select e.fname,e.lname,d.deptname from emp as e,dept as d where e.deptno=d.deptno and deptname IN (\'MEN CLOTHING\',\'WOMAN CLOTHING\')
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Adding elements to an Array- Given the following simple List class tha.docx
Adding elements to an Array. Given the following simple List class that uses an array implementation, write code to add an element at the specified index.
Solution
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Adds the specified Comparable element to the list,
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public void add (int index,T element)
{
If(index < 0 || index > rear) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
if (rear == list.length)
expandCapacity( );
Comparable<T> temp = (Comparable<T>)element;
int scan = 0;
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scan++;
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list[scan2] = list[scan2-1]
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rear++;
}
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Ad by DealsFactor - Close Menlo Company Contribution Income.docx
Ad by DealsFactor | Close
Menlo Company
Contribution Income statment
Solution
1. Break Even Point:
In Units: BEP = Fixed Cost / Contribution Per Unit
Fixed Cost = $148,800
Contribution Per Unit = Sales - Variable Cost
Contribution Per Unit = 40- 28 = $12
BEP in Units = 148,800 / 12 = 12,400 Units
BEP in $ = BEP in units x Selling Price Per Unit
BEP in $ = 12,400 x 40 = $496,000
2. Contribution Margin at Break Even:
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Action Center
activation
Administrative Tools
Aero
applets
Computer
Computer Management
context menu
Control Panel
desktop
Device Manager
extension
Flip 3D
Folders list
interface
Jump List
library
logon screen
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
My Computer
My Documents
My Network Places
Navigation pane
Network
notification area
Performance
Performance Monitor
pinned application
Quick Launch toolbar
Recycle Bin
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Start button
SystemRoot
System Tools
system tray
taskbar
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User’s Files
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Windows Explorer
Windows Sidebar
x64
x86
Which key term fits in the sentence?
Jill accidentally deleted a critical file. Winona the tech assures her that the file is no doubt in the __________________ and not lost forever.
Solution
Recyclebin
Recyclebin has all the files accidentaly just deleted from the system.
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Acids Bases Taste Taste pH greater than pH less tharn Acids effect indicators (Color) 1. Acids tum blue litmus to 2. Acids turn Cabbage Extract to Bases effect indicators: 1. Bases turn red litmus to blue 2. Bases turn Cabbage Extract to_ Acids react with bases producing aand water Proton(Proton -H hydrogen Proton acceptors (Protons H hydrogen ion) ion) on concentration in Increase solution sotiion concentration in Increase solution Acids react with carbonates to produce a salt, Bases feel slippery water and CO2 Acids react with active metals to produce Write Two Examples of acids Write Two Examples of bases
Solution
Acid -
Taste -sour
Ph less than 7.
acids turn blue litmus to red.
Acid turn cabbiageextract to red.
Acid + Base ------> salt + water
Acid - proton donor
increase H+ ion concentration in solution.
Acid react with metal to produce Hydrogen gas.
Acid example -HCl, HF, H2SO4
Bases -
Bitter in taste.
pH greater than 7.
Bases turn cabbiageextract to the Green color.
Increase OH- concentration.
Two example of bases -NaOH, KOH
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Action Center activation Administrative Tools Aero applets Computer Co.docx
Action Center
activation
Administrative Tools
Aero
applets
Computer
Computer Management
context menu
Control Panel
desktop
Device Manager
extension
Flip 3D
Folders list
interface
Jump List
library
logon screen
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
My Computer
My Documents
My Network Places
Navigation pane
Network
notification area
Performance
Performance Monitor
pinned application
Quick Launch toolbar
Recycle Bin
Reliability and Performance Monitor
service
Start button
SystemRoot
System Tools
system tray
taskbar
transparency
User’s Files
Welcome screen
Windows Explorer
Windows Sidebar
x64
x86
Which term fits in the sentence?
A(n) __________________ links folders and displays them together for quick and easy access to your files.
Solution
Library links folders and displays them together for quick and easy access to files
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Action Center activation Administrative Tools Aero applets Computer Co (1).docx
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notification area
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Acid lonization Constants (K,) for Some Monoprotic Weak Acids at 25 ec s Formula Structural Formula lonization Reaction HCIO2 Chlorous acid 1.96 Ho (aq)CO2 (aq) Go(g) 1.110 Nitrous acicd HNO2 HNO2(aq) H20(,) H0 (aq)NO2 (aq) + 4.6 10 3.34 Hydrofluoric acid HF HF(ag) H200 H-F 3.5 104 3.46 H0 (aq)F(aq) Formic acid ????? HCHO2(ag)H200) - 3,74 H-0-C-H Ho (ag)CHO2 (aq) CHO g)1.8 101 ?? ? HC7H502 CH HC,H02(a)H20U) H-0-C-C Benzoic acid 6.510 4.19 H0 (a) C,MG02 (a0) HC,H30(aq) H20U) Acetic acid 1.8 x 10 4.74 H-0-C-CH H30 (aq) CH02 (aq) HOO(aq) H20(,) H30 (aq) = + 2.9 x 10 7.54 Hypochlorous acid HCIO CIO (aq) HCN(ag) H20U) 9.31 HCN Ho (aq)CN CN (ag)4.9 10 1 acid HC@H,0(aq) H200)- 1010 9.89 CH 1.3 x Phenol HCgHs0 ??-? H0(aq)CaHO (aq) KkK. (See tha dieeuesinn at the end of Section 15
Solution
1)
the given Ka = 3.16 x 10^-5
pKa = -log Ka
= -log (3.16 x 10^-5)
pKa = 4.50
the corresponding acid = Acetic acid .
acetic acid pKa = 4.74
this is very close to the given pKa value.
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AC 556 Accounting for Governmental & Nonprofit Entities Chapter 6Solut.docx
AC 556 Accounting for Governmental & Nonprofit Entities Chapter 6
Solution
Preparation of Balance Sheet:
Balance Sheet:
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Accounting Which of the following is true of a corporation- OA- The st.docx
Accounting
Which of the following is true of a corporation? OA. The stockholders of a corporation have unlimited liabilities for the corporation\'s debts OB. A corporation can be organized publicly, but it cannot be organized privately. C. A corporation has a limited life D. Acorporation has to pay income taxes on its business earnings.
Solution
Kindly reost other parts in different Question.
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AC 556 Accounting for Governmental & Nonprofit Entities Chapter 7Solut.docx
AC 556 Accounting for Governmental & Nonprofit Entities Chapter 7
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Statement of Net Position for the Solid Waste Disposal Fund as of December 31, 2014
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advantages and disadvantages of using centralized network management v.docx
advantages and disadvantages of using centralized network management versus distributed network management explain
Solution
centralized network management :
1) Advantage: i) Centralized management is simpler to develop and maintain.
ii) Single location to view events and alerts.
iii) Single place to access network management applications and information.
iv) Security is easier to maintain.
2) Disadvantages:
i) It requires a huge amounts of information to travel back to a centralized network operations center (NOC).
ii) Single is system is not redundant or fault tolerant.
iii) As networks elements are added, may be difficult or expensive to scale system to handle load.
iii) Having to query all devices from a single location.
Distributed network management:
1) Advantages:
i) Distribution of network management task.
ii) Distribution of network monitoring throughout the network.
iii) Not dependent on single system.
2) Disadvantages:
i) Information gathering is more difficult and time consuming.
ii) The list of managed devices managed by each client needs to be predetermined and manually configured.
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Advantages & Disadvantages of Server Applications in 150+ wordsSolutio.docx
Advantages & Disadvantages of Server Applications in 150+ words
Solution
Advantages:
1. Updates: Updates and patches can be pushed easily on all client machine.
2. Centralized Control and Configuration: Any changes made to the system are centralized like db error or system settings.
3. Better than installing copy on every client machine. Integrity, resources and access of the data are controlled by dedicated servers. It makes difficult for an unauthorized program or person to damage the system.
4. Scalibility: We can manage and control number of clients and severs separately.
5. Back up and Recovery: As all the data is stored at one place on sever its easy to back up and recove data.
6. Accessibility: We can access the server from various platfroms.
7. Security: Servers have better control access and resources to ensure that only authorized clients can access or manipulate data and server-updates are administered effectively.
8. Performance: clients server model improves the performance of large applications in heavy usage environments by restricting the network traffic to performance tier traffic.
9. Easy maintenance: distribute the roles and responsibilities to several standalone computers, you can replace, repair, upgrade, or even move a server, while customers will not be affected by that change (or minimally affect). This independence of the changes is also known as encapsulation.
Disadvantages:
1. Server Overloading: When there are a lot of simultaneous client request than server get severely overloaded. Traffic becomes congested.
2. We may need increased bandwidth for the reasom mentioned above so that our server can handle more number of requests simultaneously.
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Does any one have a paper on human resource practices in countries bes.docx
Does any one have a paper on human resource practices in countries besides the U.S?
Solution
The paper first presents various approaches to the management and recruitment of employees in subsidiaries that the company has established in different countries. Then, she turns her attention to the basic functions of international human resource management, among them recruitment and selection of new employees, development and training of employees, assessment of work efficiency, as well as remuneration of employees. As the expatriates are often given special attention by their work organizations, she concludes the paper with the description of the additional challanges occurring in the management of these employees.
1. INTRODUCTION
In Slovenia, with a population of only two million, we have a lot of organizations doing business successfully, not only in the domestic but also in the international environment. Lek, one of our two pharmaceutical companies; Fructal, which produces juices from various kinds of fruit; SCT, the road construction company and Mura, which produces men
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Do you think Facebook should operate in China even if it means complyi.docx
Do you think Facebook should operate in China even if it means complying with the restrictions there?
Solution
Yes, Facebook can be allowed to operate in China, by complying with the restrictions that have been suggested by the government.
Facebook is a social medium that has its presence all over the world. But a few countries have still posed a ban on the website since it has lead to occurances of cyber crimes and social crimes. The best part is that it is not the only cause. China being a most populous country, it will not be able to spend a lot of work force on solving the cyber crimes or social crimes that might arise out of the intervention of social media. Hence they have a stringent policy of allowing these websites as to put it simple, it will add on the existing problems of the society.
The country also feels that it will divert the attention of the student community towards socializing, Asian countries are rich for their cultural values and ethical behaviours which they have a fear of loosing if they allow the social media to venture into their country.
So it is always better to stick to the local government and comply the restrictions is order to atleast venture first, and conquer later.
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Do you think contingent gains should be disclosed in the financial sta (1).docx
Do you think contingent gains should be disclosed in the financial statements? Defend your position.
Solution
Contingent gain or loss is a concept where the firm will suffer loss or will make gain only on hapening of certain contingency or event in future. Suppose a company has claimed some money for extra work. Disput arises regarding the inclution of those work in the contract escalation clause. The dispute has been referred to court. The company will gain, if the judgement of court goes in their favor. It is a contingent gain which will materialize only when judgement is favorable.
It is not justified to include them in the financial statement as the gain has not been made. Also it is not certain whether such gain will at all be achieved or not. From convertesim point of view any income or gain which is not sure to be earned should not be included.
However it is the responsibility of company to disclose all facts in its report.So that it can project true and fair view of state of affairs of the concern. Hence there should be disclosure in the financial statement in detail about the contingent happenings.
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Do you think contingent gains should be disclosed in the financial sta.docx
Do you think contingent gains should be disclosed in the financial statements? Defend your position.
Solution
Contingent gain or loss is a concept where the firm will suffer loss or will make gain only on hapening of certain contingency or event in future. Suppose a company has claimed some money for extra work. Disput arises regarding the inclution of those work in the contract escalation clause. The dispute has been referred to court. The company will gain, if the judgement of court goes in their favor. It is a contingent gain which will materialize only when judgement is favorable.
It is not justified to include them in the financial statement as the gain has not been made. Also it is not certain whether such gain will at all be achieved or not. From convertesim point of view any income or gain which is not sure to be earned should not be included.
However it is the responsibility of company to disclose all facts in its report.So that it can project true and fair view of state of affairs of the concern. Hence there should be disclosure in the financial statement in detail about the contingent happenings.
.
Do you believe the double taxation of earnings which occurs at the cor.docx
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Solution
Double taxation affects C corporations. Double taxation refers to situations when business profits are taxed at both the corporate and personal levels. First profits are taxed at corporate level before paying any amount to shareholders at the rate applicable to corporate. Then dividends are subject to tax at individuals tax rate Double taxation forces corporations to use debt financing, and encourage them to do retained earnings rather than distriubuting to shareholders in the form of dividends. Since the corporations are put at a disadvantage due to double taxation. This is not justified at all since shareholders are considered owners and their income is taxed twice. Dividend should be made exempt and corporates should not have top pay tax on dividends. thus we can say that double taxation affects business and investment decisions which is not justified at all.
.
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