2. The Practical Use of Social Sciences in
Addressing Social Concerns and
Phenomena
Objectives:
⦿ analyze the practical use of Social Sciences in
addressing social concerns and phenomena
⦿ Examine the key concepts and ideas of
Filipino thinkers in the Social Sciences rooted
in Filipino language/s and experiences:
⚫ a. 19th Century (Andress Bonifacio, Jose Rizal,
others) (HUMSS_DIS 11-IVe-1)
⚫ b. 20th – 21st Century (Sikolohiyang Pilipino,
Pantayong Pananaw, others) (HUMSS_DIS 11-IVf-3)
3. Let Us Try
Identify who is being described
in each sentence. Write your
answers in the blank provided
before each number.
4. 1. He wrote El Filibusterismo.
2. He is the Father of Sikolohiyang
Pilipino.
3. He was known as the “Brains of
the Revolution.”
4. He believed that Philippine
history should be written in the local language or
dialect.
5. He advocated the “Filipino First
Policy.”
5. 6. He is the Father of Filipino
Socialism.
7. He believed that “our education
should instil love for work, spirit of tolerance, respect
for law, love for peace and practice thrift.”
8. He was elected as the
Commonwealth president in 1935.
9. He is the “Brains of Katipunan.”
10. He started La Liga Filipina with the
job of enlightening the minds of the people.
6. Analyze the picture and answer the
questions in the blank provided.
a. How does your environment affect your life?
b. Why do you think this phenomenon happen?
7. Activity 1. Song Analysis
Directions: Learners will listen to the
song. After which reduce their
analysis to either a narrative
composed of a one-paragraph
explanation of not more than 150
words but not less than 120 words or
a drawing with a one-liner caption.
11. JOSE RIZAL
⦿ The most influential figure of the
Revolutionary period was Jose Rizal
⦿ penned two of his most important works
⚫ Noli Me Tangere (1887)
⚫ El Filibusterismo (1891)
⦿ claimed that the form of revolution that the
Philippines needed to go through is that of
intellectual revolution
12. JOSE RIZAL
⦿ Believed that every Filipino should be
educated well on the concepts and
exercise of freedom and it can only be
attained by educating the masses of the
truth – a truth that is based on science
and rational thinking, and non from the
morality-based education provided by
the Church.
14. ANDRES BONIFACIO
⦿ a member of the Liga , founded by Rizal
⦿ Bonifacio is the founder of the revolutionary society,
Katipunan
⦿ “a man’s worth is not measured by his stations in life
either by the height of his nose nor the fairness of
skin, and certainly not by whether he is a priest
claiming to be God’s deputy. Even if he is a
tribesman from the hills and speaks only his own
tongue, a man is an honorable man if he possesses
good character, is true to his word, has fine
perceptions, and is loyal to his native land.”
16. APOLINARIO MABINI
⦿ the “Sublime Paralytic” and the “Brains of the
Revolution.”
⦿ Mabini was born to an illiterate farmer and
market vendor with seven other children in
Tanauan, Batangas
⦿ he received scholarships and part-time jobs
teaching children, which allowed him to complete
a bachelor of Arts degree at the Colegio de San
Juan de Letran and a Bachelor of Laws at UST.
17. APOLINARIO MABINI
⦿ In 1895, was struck with polio and lost the
capacity of his lower limbs.
⦿ most influential writings:
⚫El Verdadero Decálogo (The True Decalogue)
⚫Ordenanza de la Revolución (The Ordinance of
the Revolution)
⦿ Believed “humans are naturally good “
18. APOLINARIO MABINI
⦿ “True liberty is only for what is good and
never for what is evil; it is always in
accordance with reason and the upright
and honest conscience of the individual.”
⦿ distinguished “reason” as a key element in
the citizens’ participation in political life
19. APOLINARIO MABINI
⦿ It is also the same element that should
guide revolutions because without reason,
such movement will be mere futile, if not
disastrous for the society. It is clearly
synonymous with Rizal’s call of reliance on
the “Truth.”
20. Important Thinkers of the Revolutionary Period
EMILIO JACINTO-REVOLUTIONOST
(1875 – 1899)
23. VIRGILIO ENRIQUEZ
⦿ considered the Father of Sikolohiyang
Pilipino (Filipino psychology)
⚫Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a scientific study
derived from the experience, ideas, and
cultural orientation of the Filipinos (Yacat
2013).
○ or Indigenous Filipino Psychology, is also
known as Kapwa’s Psychology
24. Kapwa Psychology
⦿ draws from folk practices as much as from
modern theory
⦿ perceives no contradiction between
indigenous folk beliefs and modern
psychological concepts and scientific
norms
⦿ includes in its study the IKSP of healing
from the Babaylan and Albolaryos (native
shamans and healers)
25. Kapwa Psychology
⦿ implies a call for social action
⦿ Scholars and students are encouraged
to go to the villages to learn from the
people and in turn, serve them with the
gain knowledge.
27. Core Values or Kapwa
(Togetherness)
⦿ Two categories of kapwa:
1. Ibang Tao (outsider)
⚫• Pakikitungo: civility
⚫• Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing
⚫• Pakikilahok: act of joining
⚫• Pakikibagay: act of conformity
⚫• Pakikisama: Being united with the group
28. Examples of Filipino Values:
⦿ Hospitality - the friendly and generous
reception and entertainment of guests,
visitors, or strangers
⦿ Utang na loob – debt of gratitude.
⦿ Bahala na – fatalism or determination
and being a risk taker. Bahala na ang
Diyos (God will take care of us)
29. Core Values or Kapwa
(Togetherness)
Two categories of kapwa:
2. Hindi Ibang Tao (insider/one-of-us)
⚫Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: Act of mutual
trust
⚫Pakikisangkot: Act of joining others
⚫Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others
30. Pivotal interpersonal
Value
⦿ Another significant Filipino value is that
of pakikiramdam (shared inner
perception), which is considered as the
pivotal interpersonal value. Within this
value, Filipinos use their inner
perception of the other’s emotion in
order to interact with them efficiently.
31. Linking Socio-personal
Values
⦿ our practice of pakikipagkapwa is that of
kagandahang loob (shared humanity), in
which this value shows an act of charity
toward others.
⦿ The practice of bayanihan or community-
based action entails the participation of the
community on a task that is meant to
improve the quality of life and livelihood of
the members of the locality
32. Accommodative Surface
Values
⦿ The bayanihan or any form of
kagandahang loob is always framed
within another set of Filipino values,
labeled as accommodative surface
values. These values include hiya
(propriety/dignity), utang na loob (debt of
gratitude), and pakikisama
(esteem/companionship).
33. Confrontative Surface
Values
⦿ Confrontative surface values that
Filipinos exhibited especially when
confronted by difficult situation these
include bahala na (determination), lakas
ng loob (guts/courage), and pakikibaka
(resistance).
34. Societal Values
⦿ Filipinos also hold societal values, which he called
pagpapahalagang panlipunan.
⦿ These values include karangalan (honor),
katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom), which
are essential to the preservation of Filipino societal
order and harmony.
⦿ Moreover, these values shape a psychological unity
among Filipino communities as they build a common
perception of moral obligation to other community
who are considered members as kapwa.
36. Zeus A. Salazar
⦿ one of the Filipino scholars who were
trained and whose methods were derived
from the West, and he argued for a shift in
perspective.
⦿ developed his lifelong crusade for a
nationalist brand of history that became a
staple perspective for the next generation
of history students, the pantayong
pananaw.
37. Key Arguments of the Pantayong
Pananaw
⦿ The primary argument of the pantayong
pananaw is the need to reorient
contemporary historians on the “right”
way of reconstructing the past based on
who is talking for whom, with whom, and
to whom
38. According to Salazar, there are three perspectives
by which Philippine history was and is being
written.
1. Pangkayong Pananaw (from-you-for-us)
This perspective is used by Western
historians – who used their own cultural
background and their countries’ politico-
economic agenda – in framing the events
that transpired in our country.
39. According to Salazar, there are three perspectives
by which Philippine history was and is being
written.
2. Pangkaming Pananaw (from-us-for-you)
⦿ The “pangkaming” perspective launched works
on the Philippines made by Filipinos for
Western consumption.
⦿ It is used when a native talk to outsiders or
foreigners regarding his or her own society
and culture.
⦿ The main goal of the pangkaming pananaw is
to correct the erroneous Western analysis of
the Philippine context.
40. According to Salazar, there are three perspectives
by which Philippine history was and is being
written.
3. Pantayong Pananaw (from-us-for-us)
⦿ Philippine history should be written and
consumed primarily by Filipinos.
⦿ To achieve this goal, a key element needs to
be addressed – using the Filipino language in
transmitting knowledge.
⦿ All its members use concepts and manifest
habits and behaviors whose meanings can be
understood by all, like when we say “We
Filipinos” (Tayong mga Pilipino),
41. Local Language for
Discourse
According to Salazar, Philippine history should be
written in the local language or dialect for two
important reasons:
⦿ First, the local terms, when transposed to
Western language, lose their actual meanings
and historical significance.
⦿ Second, our history should be discussed
among ourselves and not for the others. The
use of local language characterizes the
pantayong pananaw.
42. Local Language for
Discourse
⦿ Salazar urged the Filipino nation to have a talastasang
bayan oriented toward discussion of Philippine history for
the Filipinos and by the Filipinos.
⦿ Our forefathers provided us a corpus of academic studies
that served to teach and inspire. Their studies is
considered as the basis of Philippine Social Science,
which was not detached from reality and applied to the
needs and conditions of their times.
⦿ Social Science, was about revealing the nature of social
reality. It implied that there were things to do in order to
correct or improve people’s current material condition and
consciousness. -Salazar
43. Let Us Practice: Option A
Instructions: Make a poem based on the
indigenous concepts. Choose only one (1) from
the concepts below. You may use the local
language.
⦿ 1. Utang na loob
⦿ 2. Pakikisama/Pakikisalamuha
⦿ 3. Bayanihan
⦿ 4. Hiya
⦿ 5. Pagdamay
45. Let Us Practice: Option A
Instructions: Make a comic strip based on the
indigenous concepts. Choose only one (1) from
the concepts below. Use only the local language.
⦿ 1. Utang na loob
⦿ 2. Pakikisama/Pakikisalamuha
⦿ 3. Bayanihan
⦿ 4. Hiya
⦿ 5. Pagdamay
