The document summarizes the acute and long-term health effects experienced by survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It describes how within months of the bombings, leukemia rates increased abnormally high among survivors. It also discusses how cancers like lung cancer and breast cancer increased in later years. The document outlines some of the specific radiation-induced health issues survivors experienced, such as cataracts, thyroid issues from radioactive iodine exposure, and blood disorders that lasted for years. It provides context on radiation doses and how different organs are affected depending on the radiation source.

2. I feel myself proud and privileged to make this
project
“HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI ON DIASASTER
MANAGEMENT” and express my gratitude to one
and all for encouragement , help and blessings.
My special thanks to my class teacher
“SHAIBAL SIR” and my parents who guided me very
Well . Without the help of my parents , I will not
be able to complete this project. I hope you will
enjoy this project.
THANK YOU

3. The survivor have suffered physically from
Cataracts , leukemia and other cancer , malformed
offspring and premature aging
And also emotionally from social discrimination . Within
a few months of the nuclear explosions , leukemia began
to appear among the survivors at an abnormally high
rate .Some , leukemia victims were within their month
bombs when exposed to radiation . One child who wa
learn in two days after the Hiroshima and explosions . A
e , leukemia eventually died of acute , leukemia at age o
eighteen . The no. of leukemia cases has declined with
time , but the incidence of lung cancer , breast cancer
cancers and cancers of other organs has increased
among the survivors.

4. CONDITION FOR FIRST
FOUR MONTHS
 Within the first four two to founder months of the bombings ,
the acute effects killed 90,000-160,000 people in Hiroshima
60,000-80,000 in Nagasaki with roughly half of the deaths in
each city occurring on the first day.
 the Hiroshima and Nagasaki prefectural health
department estimates that of the people died on the day of
explosion ,60%died from the flash or flame burns , 30%from
falling debris and from other causes.

During the following months , large no. of
people died from the effect of burn(RADIATION,SICKNESS)
and other injuries compounded by illness. In a US estimate of

5.  Many people at Hiroshima and Nagasaki died not
directly from the radiation released as a result of the
explosion .For example a fourteen old boy was
admitted to a Hiroshima and Nagasaki hospital 2 days
after the explosions suffering from a high fever and
nausea .Nine days later his hair began to fall out . His
supply of white blood cells dropped lower and lower .
On the next day he died. At Hiroshima and Nagasaki .
The few surviving doctors observed the symptoms of
radiation sickness for the first time.

6.  We were now able to label our unknown adversary
‘atomic disease or radio active contamination among
other names . But they were labels we know cause or
cure………Within seven to ten days after a bomb
explosion , began to die in swift succession . They died of
burns that covered their bodies and of acute atomic
disease . Innumerable people who had been burnt turn a
mulberry color like worms and died . Doctors and nurses
had no idea of their own bodies had been affected by
radioactivity . In fact ten people who had fled from
Hiroshima to Nagasaki survived in both bombs.

8.  BLOOD DISORDERS-According to Japanese data there was
an increase in anemia among persons exposed to the bomb .
In some cases the decrease in white and red blood cells
lasted for up to ten years after the bombing.
 CATARACTS-There was an increase in cataract rate of the
survivor Hiroshima and Nagasaki at who were partly sailed
& suffered partial hair loss.
 Malignant-All ionizing radiation is carcinogenic but some
tumor types are more readily generated than others . A
prevalent type is leukemia .The cancer incidence among the
survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is significantly larger
than that of the general population & a significant
correlating between exposure level &degree of incidence
had been reported for the thyroid cancer , breast cancer ,
lung cancer & cancer of salivary gland . Often a decade or
more passes before radiation caused malignancies appear.

9.  Fallout particles-Fallout particles are
especially hazardous biologically. Some of the
principal radioactive elements are as follows-:

Tritium 90 is very long with a half life of 28
years. It is chemically similar to calcium
causing to accumulate in growing bones. This
radiation can cause tumors , leukemia &other
blood abnormalities.

Iodine131 has a half life
of8.1days.Injestion of it concentrates in the
thyroid gland . The radiation can destroy all or

10. THYROID
 The certain body parts are more
specifically affected by exposure to
different types of radiation sources.
 Note-By taking potassium iodine can
reduce the effect of exposure.

11.  Certain body parts are more specifically
affected by exposure to different types of
radiation sources . Several factors are
involved in determining the potential
effects to exposure to radiation . These
includes
 The size of the dose.

The ability of the radiation to harm human
tissue.

Organs are affected.

12.  The most important factor is the amount of
the dose – the amount of energy actually
deposited in your body . The more energy
absorbed by cells , greater the biological
damage . Health physicist refer to the
amount absorbed by the body as the
radiation dose.

14.  The atomic bomb was created in the
western desert of the united state top
secret conditions . The Mahatma Project
was run by Dr . Robert oppenheimer , a
German Jew who had fled the Nazi’s.

The Germans who and Americans had been
racing to complete the bomb first but with
Germany’s destruction and the persecution
of many of her top scientists who were
Jeursh the German effort was severely
hampered.

15. 
The army estimated that it would have
cost between 500,000 to 1,000,000
soldiers life to mount a successful scab
invasion of Japan.
 Truman wanted on unconditional
surrender of Japan.

16.  The Truman issued his execution order to
drop the bomb on July 26, 1945.

The army created a list of 5 military targets
and the bomb would be dropped depending
on weather condition.

The bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on
August 6 1945.The bomb nickname was
“LITTE BOY” .

17. 
Hiroshima and Nagasaki were utterly destroyed .
Over thirty thousand were killed at Nagasaki.

Over the span of four months ten thousand
people more died of various illness that can
attributed to radiation exposure

The day after Nagasaki Japan signaled its
unconditional surrenders to the United States.

America sent a strong message to Joseph Stalin
that we had a weapon that he could couter . It
was a strong signal that we were the worlds only
Nuclear Power.

18.  According to the Japanese Ministry of
International Affairs and communication
, the population in Japan Oct 1940was
estimated at 71,998,104 . Japan was
visibly a thriving that was hit very hard
by bombing.

19. 
Hiroshima was the primary target of the first
nuclear bombing mission on August 6 ,with the
Rookery and Nagasaki being alternative
targets .August 6 was chosen because clouds had
previously the target . The 393 D Bombardment
Squadment B29 Enola Gay, piloted and
commanded by , about 509 composite group
commander cannel Pal Tub bets , was launched
from North Field airbase on Tinian is the West
Pacific about six hours flight from Japan .During
the journey , navy captain William parsons had
armed the bomb which had Ben left unnamed to
minimize the risk during take off.