This document provides an overview of disaster management in India. It defines a disaster and outlines the disaster cycle of preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. It classifies different types of disasters and describes the health impacts. The institutional framework for disaster management in India is discussed, including the roles of the National Disaster Management Authority and other agencies. Key aspects of disaster preparedness, response, and international cooperation are summarized. Critical reviews of disaster management in India note areas that need improvement such as greater emphasis on preparedness and mitigation.

1. 1

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
2
 To define disaster
 To list out the types of disasters
 To describe the steps of disaster cycle
 To list out the health impacts of disasters

3. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Definition
 Problem Statement – Global and India
 Classification & Types of Disasters
 Disaster Management
 Medical and Public Health Response
 Public Health Impact of Disaster
 Disaster Mitigation
 Disaster Preparedness
 Disaster Management in India
 DM in India – Critical Review
 References 3

4. 4

5. 5
Physical Vulnerability

6. 6
Social Vulnerability

7. 7
Economic Vulnerability

8. ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY
8

9. 9

10. DISASTERS – GLOBAL SCENARIO
10

11. Floods,
Mumbai,
26 July 2005
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
Cyclone
29 Oct 1999
Flood, Assam
& Bihar 2004
MAJOR DISASTERS
(1980-2005)
Earthquake
Uttarkashi, 20
Oct 1991
Bhuj,
Earthquake,
26 January,
2001
Avalanche
Feb 2005
Earthquake,
Latur, 30
Sept 1993
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
Alia Cyclone
2009
Bhopal Gas
Tragedy, Dec
1984
Earthquake,
Oct, 2005
PHAILIN
Cyclone 2013
Flood,
Uttarakhand
2013
A f e w d i s a s t e r s i n

12. 12

13. Meteorological
Disasters
• Floods
• Tsunami
• Cyclone
• Hurricane
• Typhoon
• Snow storm
• Blizzard
• Hail storm
Topographical
Disasters
• Earthquake
• Volcanic
Eruptions
• Landslides
and
Avalanches
• Asteroids
• Limnic
eruptions
Environmental
Disasters
• Global
warming
• El Niño-
Southern
Oscillation
• Ozone
depletion-
UVB
Radiation
• Solar flare
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14. Technological
• Transport
failure
• Public place
failure
• Fire
Industrial
• Chemical
spills
• Radioactive
spills
Warfare
• War
• Terrorism
• Internal
conflicts
• Civil unrest
• CBRNE
14

15. HIGH POWER COMMITTEE ON DISASTER
MANAGEMENT has identified 31 various disasters
categorized into 5 major sub-groups
15

16. 16

17. Integrated
Disaster
Management
Prepared-
ness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
Activities prior to a
disaster.
• Preparedness plans
• Emergency exercises
• Training,
• Warning systems
Activities during a
disaster.
• Public warning
systems
• Emergency
operations
• Search & rescue
Activities following a
disaster.
• Temporary
housing
• Claims processing
• Grants
• Medical care
Activities that reduce
effects of disasters
• Building codes &
zoning
• Vulnerability
analyses
• Public education
17

18. 18
RECOVERY
PHASE
RISK
REDUCTION
PHASE

19. IMPACT/ CONSEQUENCES OF DISASTER
19

20. SYMPTOMS AFTER DISASTER
Physiological
Symptoms
• Fatigue
• Shock
symptoms
• Profuse
sweating
• Fine motor
tremors
• Chills
• Teeth
grinding
• Muscle aches
• Dizziness
Cognitive
Symptoms
• Memory loss
• Distractibility
• Reduced
attention
span
• Decision
making
difficulties
• Calculation
difficulties
• Confusing
trivial with
major issues
Emotional
Symptoms
• Anxiety
• Feeling
overwhelmed
• Grief
• Identification
with victims
• Depression
• Anticipation
of harm to
self or others
• Irritability
Behavioral
Symptoms
• Insomnia
• Substance
abuse
• Gallows
humor
• Gait change
• Ritualistic
behavior
• Hyper
vigilance
Escobar J, Canino G. Somatic symptoms after a natural disaster: a prospective study. American
Journal of Psychiatry. 1992;149(7):965-967.

21. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTER DISASTERS
21

22. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTER
DISASTERS - CAUSES
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1. Preexisting Diseases in the Population

23. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTER
DISASTERS - CAUSES
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2. Ecological Changes

24. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTER
DISASTERS - CAUSES
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3. Damage to Public Utilities

25. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTER
DISASTERS - CAUSES
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4. Population Movements

26. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTER
DISASTERS - CAUSES
26
5. Interruption in Public Health Services

27. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTER
DISASTERS - CAUSES
27
6. Altered Individual Resistance to diseases

28. DISEASES AFTER MAN MADE DISASTERS
28

29. OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACTS OF DISASTERS
29

30. PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
30

31. DISASTER RESPONSE

32. 32
Red
High Priority
Yellow
Medium priority
Black
Dead or moribund
Patients
Green
Ambulatory
Patients
TRIAGE

33. DISASTER REHABILITATION & RECONSTRUCTION
Steps for restoration of pre disaster conditions
33

34. DISASTER MITIGATION
Permanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to limit
impact on human suffering and economic assets.
34

35. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
 A program of long term development activities to
strengthen the overall capacity and capability of the
country to manage emergencies.
35
1)Evaluate the risk of the country or particular region to
disaster.
68%

36. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
2) Adopt standards and regulation
36

37. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
3) Organize communication ,information and
warning systems.
37

38. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
4) Ensure coordination and response mechanism
38

39. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
5) Quick Resource &
Funding availability (Eg:
Central Emergency Response
Fund)
39

40. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
6) Develop public education programs
40

41. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
7) Coordinate information with news media
41

42. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
8) Organize Disaster Simulation exercise/ Disaster
Drills
42

43. High Powered Committee set up in August 1999.
Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry.
Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2002.
National Disaster Management Authority established 28th
September 2005.
Inclusion of Disaster Management in the Seventh Schedule of
the Constitution.
On 23 December, 2005, Disaster Management Act .
Disaster Management in India

44. Institutional Framework
Disaster Management Structure
NDMA Apex Body with Prime Minister as Chairperson.
National Executive Committee - Secretaries of 14 Ministries
and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff.
Centre Level
Central Ministries; National Disaster Management Authority,
National Institute of Disaster Management
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
State Level
SDMA headed by Chief Minister.
State Executive Committee (SEC).
District Level
DDMA headed by District Collector/ District Magistrate.
Interface between Govt. and Public.
44

45. Nodal Ministries related with Disasters
Type of Disaster Nodal Ministry
Natural- Flood, Tsunami, Cyclone,
Earthquake
Manmade-Civil unrest
Home Affairs
Drought Agriculture
Biological, Epidemics Health & Family Welfare
Chemical, Forest related Environment & Forest
Nuclear Atomic Energy
Air Accidents Civil Aviation
Railway Accidents Railway
Industrial Accidents Labour
45

46. Changes in Disaster Management in India
Paradigm
Shift
Response centric to Holistic &
Integrated Approach
Backed
By
Institutional
Framework
Legal Authority
Supported
By
Financial
Mechanisms
Creations of
Separate Funds

47. NIDM
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Provides web based training courses. Satellite based
demonstration & Training Programme on Disaster
Management. www.onlinenidm.gov.in

48. NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE (NDRF)
 Para-military forces of India like Border Security
Force and Central Reserve Police Force
 12 Battalions with 1149 members each
48

49. NDRF Battalions in India
Suradevi &
Waregaon
49

50. International Co-operation
UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
for all international disaster response.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), for mitigation and
prevention aspects
UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) System.
Streamlining Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Response.
The Asian Disaster Reduction Center in Kobe. Japan
-to enhance disaster resilience of the 30 member countries,
-to build safe communities
50

51. INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
WFP : The World Food Programme is the
principle supplier of relief food aid.
FAO :The Food and Agriculture
Organisation of
the UN provides early warning
of impending food crisis, and
assesses global food supply problems.
UNICEF : The United Nations Children’s
Emergency Fund

52. INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
IOM : The International Organisation for
Migration is an intergovernmental agency
which helps transfer refugees.
IRP : The International Recovery Platform
serve as a catalyst for the development of
tools, resources, and capacity for disaster
recovery.

53. NGOS
IFRC : International Federation of Red Cross and
Red Crescent Societies
 Pivotal roles in responding to emergencies
CARE : The Cooperative for Assistance and Relief
Everywhere is a humanitarian organisation fighting
global poverty .
 It also delivers emergency aid to survivors of war
and natural disasters, and helps people rebuild their
lives.

54. Disaster Reduction Day
NIDM observes "Disaster Reduction Day" on the
Second Wednesday of October.
UN General Assembly in 2009, designated October 13
as International Day for Disaster Reduction.
2016 Theme: “Live to Tell: Raising Awareness,
Reducing Mortality”
2013 WHD Theme: “Living with Disability and
Disasters”
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55. CRITICAL REVIEW OF DM IN INDIA
 Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored.
 Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data and
local knowledge on disaster history and traditional
response patterns
 Need for standardized efforts in compiling and
interpreting geo-spatial data, satellite imagery
 Absence of a national, state and district level directory of
experts and inventory of resources.
 Lack of adequate emergency medicine, critical care
medicine, first aid facilities.
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56. REFERENCES
1. WHO | Communicable diseases following natural disasters [Internet].
Who.int. 2017 [cited 7 March 2017]. Available from:
http://www.who.int/diseasecontrol_emergencies/publications/who_cds_ntd_dce_2006.4/en/
2. Wallace N. Wallace/Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive
medicine. 15th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2008.
3. K Park. Park’s Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine,23rd Edition
2015, Bhanot Publications, Jabalpur,India.
4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005 - National Disaster Management
Authority [Internet]. Ndma.gov.in. 2017 [cited 7 March 2017]. Available
from: http://www.ndma.gov.in/en/disaster.html
5. National Disaster Management Guidelines, Preparation of State Disaster
Management Plans [Internet]. NDMA; 2007 [cited 7 March 2017].
Available from: http://www.adrc.asia/documents/dm_information/india_plan02.pdf
6. Escobar J, Canino G. Somatic symptoms after a natural disaster: a
prospective study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1992;149(7):965-967.
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57. THANK YOU
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