The document discusses three main topics: 1. Directions of communication in organizations including downward, upward, horizontal, and diagonal communication. 2. Major categories of management of change including technological changes, environmental changes outside the organization, and internal changes within the organization. 3. Three familiar approaches to managing change: through power using coercion, through reason using dissemination of information, and through reeducation to improve organizational functioning.

1. Organizational
Communication

2. Directions of
Communication
1. Downward communication - flows from individuals
in higher levels of the hierarchy to those in lower
levels.
2. Upward communication - flows from lower to
higher levels in an organization.
3. Horizontal communication - flows across functions
in an organization. It is necessary for coordinating
and integrating diverse organizational functions.
4. Diagonal communication - is one that cuts across
functions in an organization. This is important when
members cannot communicate through upward,

3. Mana gement
of Change

4. Major Three
Categories of
Management of change
1. Technological changes – include such things
as new equipment and new processes.
2. Environmental changes – are all the
nontechnological changes that occur outside
the organization.
3. Internal to the organization – include such
changes as budget adjustments, policy
changes, diversity adjustments, and personnel
changes.

5. Alter native
Change
Management
A pproaches

6. Three Familiar
Approaches
1. Managing change through power
The application of power to bring about change
implies the use of coercion.
2. Managing change through reason
The application of reason to bring about change is
based on the dissemination of information prior to the
intended change.
3. Managing change through reeducation
This middle ground relies upon reeducation to
improve the functioning of the organization.