2. MICROBIAL
SPOILAGE
Microbial Spoilage include the contamination
of Pharmaceutical products with the microbes
which lead to spoilage of the product affecting
Drug safety and quality, and is not intended
for use. Shortly Microbial Spoilage is defined
as deterioration of pharmaceutical products by
the contaminant microbe.
3. Factors affecting microbial spoilage of
pharmaceutical products:-
1. Types and size of contaminant inoculum.
2. Nutritional factors
3. Moisture content: water activity (Aw)
4. Redox potential 5. Storage temperature
6. pH
7. Packaging design
8. Protection of microorganisms within pharmaceutical product
4. TYPES AND SIZE OF
CONTAMINANT INOCULUM
Low levels of contaminants may not cause appreciable
spoilage however, an unexpected surge in the
contaminant bioburden may present an unacceptable
challenge to the designed formulation.
- Raw materials were unusually contaminated
- A problem of the plant-cleaning protocol
- Gross misuse of product during administration
- Biofilm detached itself from within supplying pipework
5. NUTRITIONAL FACTORS
Nutritional requirements and metabolic adaptability of
many common spoilage microorganisms enable them to
utilize many formulation components as substrates for
biosynthesis and growth.
- Presence of nutritional material enable or favours
microorganisms to utilize these nutritional material as
energy source and proliferate over pharmaceutical
products
- use of crude vegetable or animal products in a
formulation provides a nutritious environment, more
complex formulations are more supportive for microbial
growth
-Demineralized water also contain some nutritional
material which support the growth of Pseudomonas
bacteria
6. Moisture Content : water activity
- -Microrganisms readily need water or moisture to
grow. The presence of uncomplexed water in any
formulation supports microbial growth. Greater the
solute concentration, lesser the activity.
-Moisture films over viscous syrups can also increase
water activity and support growth of fungi and yeast.
-With the exception of halophilic bacteria, most
microorganisms grow best in dilute solutions (high
Aw....water activity)
-
8. Jupiter is the biggest
planet in the Solar
System and the fourth-
brightest object
It’s actually a cold place.
It’s full of iron oxide dust,
which gives the planet
its reddish cast
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot—even hotter
than Mercury
Mars Venus
Jupiter
Review of systems
9. It’s actually a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust, which
gives the planet its reddish
cast
Mars
Jupiter is the biggest planet in
the Solar System and the
fourth-brightest object
Jupiter
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun. It’s terribly hot—
even hotter than Mercury
Venus
Mercury is the smallest one in
the Solar System—it’s only a
bit larger than the Moon
Mercury
Identifying information
11. Jupiter is the biggest
70% Jupiter
Mercury is the smallest
20% Mercury
Neptune is the farthest
30% Neptune
12. Discussion
Dr. Daniel Patt
“Despite being red, Mars is a cold place.
It’s full of iron oxide dust”
Dr. John James
“Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest
planet in the Solar System”
13. Discussio
n
summary
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon. The
planet’s name has nothing
to do with the liquid metal
14. Physical examination
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
Saturn
Planet Saturn is
the ringed one
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon
15. Findings
60 10 20 10
0
10
30
50
40
20
Mercury Jupiter Venus
200
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follow the link, change the data
and paste the new graph here,
replacing this one
17. Diagnosis
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun and the
smallest one
Mercury
It has a beautiful
name and is the
second planet
from the Sun
Venus
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold
place. It’s full of
iron oxide dust
Mars
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet in
the Solar System
Jupiter
Saturn is a gas
giant and has
rings. It was
named after a god
Saturn
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun and
the fourth-largest
Neptune
19. Treatment
Mercury
The planet’s name has
nothing to do with the
liquid metal, since it was
named after the Roman
messenger god
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot—even hotter
than Mercury
20. Patient monitoring
Week 1
Planet Mars is a
very cold place
Mars
Venu
s
Week 3
Earth is where we
all live on
Mars
Venu
s
Week 2
Planet Saturn is
the ringed one
Mars
Venu
s
22. Contraindications & indications
1. Here you can describe the
reason to stop the treatment
2. Here you can describe the
reason to stop the treatment
3. Here you can describe the
reason to stop the treatment
Indications
1. Here you can describe the
reason to stop the treatment
2. Here you can describe the
reason to stop the treatment
3. Here you can describe the
reason to stop the treatment
Contraindications
23. Post-prevention
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold
place
Mars
It has a nice name,
but it’s very hot
Venus
It’s the biggest in
the Solar System
Jupiter
Neptune is the
farthest planet
Neptune
Saturn is the
ringed planet
Saturn
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
Mercury
24. Case timeline
Day 01
Saturn is the
ringed one
Day 02
Mercury is a
small planet
Day 03
Neptune is
far away
Day 04
Mars is a
cold place
Day 05
Jupiter is the
biggest
Week 01
It’s the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest
Week 02
Earth is the third
planet from the Sun
25. Conclusion
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System. The planet’s name has nothing
to do with the liquid metal, since it was
named after the Roman messenger god
26. ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
References
27. Our team
John James
Planet Venus has a
beautiful name, but
it’s very hot
Jenna Doe
Mars is actually a
cold place. It’s full of
iron oxide dust
Sarah Patt
Neptune is the
fourth-largest planet
in the Solar System
Jenna Doe
It is a gas giant and
the biggest planet in
the Solar System
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