This document discusses biodiversity and the need for its conservation. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of plant and animal life on Earth, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that biodiversity is richest in the tropics. The document then discusses threats to biodiversity like habitat loss, pollution, and overexploitation. It outlines approaches for conserving biodiversity both in situ, by protecting habitats, and ex situ through methods like botanical gardens, gene banks, and zoos. International organizations that work on biodiversity conservation are also mentioned.
This document is an introduction to a digital textbook on basic science for 8th standard. It discusses biodiversity at different levels, including genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. It explains that biodiversity is highest in tropical regions. It also outlines some of the main causes of biodiversity loss, like habitat loss, climate change, overexploitation and invasive species. The textbook will cover lessons on biodiversity, its importance, reasons for depletion, and methods of conservation. In-situ conservation methods discussed include biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and sacred groves. The document aims to make science learning an enjoyable experience for students.
This document is an introduction to a textbook on biodiversity for 8th standard students. It discusses key topics like the definition of biodiversity, the different levels of biodiversity including genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. It also addresses the importance of biodiversity, the major threats to biodiversity like habitat loss and overexploitation, and methods for biodiversity conservation including both in-situ and ex-situ approaches. The textbook aims to help students learn about biodiversity in an interactive way through illustrations, activities and assessments.
The document discusses biodiversity, its levels (genetic, species, ecosystem), types (alpha, beta, gamma diversity), threats to biodiversity (habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation), conservation strategies (in-situ and ex-situ), and examples of protected areas in India like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves. In-situ conservation focuses on protecting ecosystems and habitats while ex-situ involves methods like seed/gene banks, animal translocations, botanical gardens, and zoological parks.
Biodiversity -edex situ and in situ conservationDilip Gavande
This document discusses methods of biodiversity conservation, including in-situ and ex-situ approaches. In-situ conservation preserves species in their natural habitats through protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Ex-situ conservation involves preserving species outside their natural habitats in botanical gardens, zoos, seed banks, and tissue culture facilities. The document also provides examples of specific conservation efforts in India like Project Tiger and the successful campaign to protect the Silent Valley National Park from a proposed hydroelectric project.
The document discusses different types of protected areas in India that conserve biodiversity - biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and zoos. It provides background on India's biodiversity and lists threats like habitat loss. Biosphere reserves aim to conserve biodiversity and support sustainable development. Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks protect habitats and species. The document lists several biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, and national parks in Kerala. Zoos provide ex-situ conservation of endangered species.
This document discusses strategies for conserving biodiversity, specifically in-situ conservation. It explains that biodiversity can be conserved through in-situ and ex-situ methods. In-situ conservation involves protecting wildlife and plants in their natural habitats and allows populations to maintain themselves. In India, protected areas like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves help conserve biodiversity in-situ. Establishing these protected areas has helped restore viable populations of large mammals. Local communities are also involved through eco-development programs to sustainably conserve ecosystems.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of living organisms on Earth, including ecosystems and genetic diversity within species. Biodiversity is important for maintaining ecological balance. The document then discusses biodiversity conservation methods, including in-situ conservation of protecting species within their natural habitats through national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and sacred groves. Ex-situ conservation protects species outside their natural habitats in botanical gardens, zoological parks, and gene banks. The goal of conservation efforts is to protect biodiversity for future generations.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of living organisms on Earth, including ecosystems and genetic diversity within species. Maintaining biodiversity is important for ecological balance. The document then discusses threats to biodiversity from human activity and the need for conservation. It outlines two main approaches: in-situ conservation of species within their natural habitats, including through national parks and wildlife sanctuaries; and ex-situ conservation of species outside their natural habitats, including through zoos, botanical gardens, and gene banks. The goal is to educate about biodiversity and promote its conservation.
This document is an introduction to a digital textbook on basic science for 8th standard. It discusses biodiversity at different levels, including genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. It explains that biodiversity is highest in tropical regions. It also outlines some of the main causes of biodiversity loss, like habitat loss, climate change, overexploitation and invasive species. The textbook will cover lessons on biodiversity, its importance, reasons for depletion, and methods of conservation. In-situ conservation methods discussed include biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and sacred groves. The document aims to make science learning an enjoyable experience for students.
This document is an introduction to a textbook on biodiversity for 8th standard students. It discusses key topics like the definition of biodiversity, the different levels of biodiversity including genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. It also addresses the importance of biodiversity, the major threats to biodiversity like habitat loss and overexploitation, and methods for biodiversity conservation including both in-situ and ex-situ approaches. The textbook aims to help students learn about biodiversity in an interactive way through illustrations, activities and assessments.
The document discusses biodiversity, its levels (genetic, species, ecosystem), types (alpha, beta, gamma diversity), threats to biodiversity (habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation), conservation strategies (in-situ and ex-situ), and examples of protected areas in India like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves. In-situ conservation focuses on protecting ecosystems and habitats while ex-situ involves methods like seed/gene banks, animal translocations, botanical gardens, and zoological parks.
Biodiversity -edex situ and in situ conservationDilip Gavande
This document discusses methods of biodiversity conservation, including in-situ and ex-situ approaches. In-situ conservation preserves species in their natural habitats through protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Ex-situ conservation involves preserving species outside their natural habitats in botanical gardens, zoos, seed banks, and tissue culture facilities. The document also provides examples of specific conservation efforts in India like Project Tiger and the successful campaign to protect the Silent Valley National Park from a proposed hydroelectric project.
The document discusses different types of protected areas in India that conserve biodiversity - biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and zoos. It provides background on India's biodiversity and lists threats like habitat loss. Biosphere reserves aim to conserve biodiversity and support sustainable development. Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks protect habitats and species. The document lists several biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, and national parks in Kerala. Zoos provide ex-situ conservation of endangered species.
This document discusses strategies for conserving biodiversity, specifically in-situ conservation. It explains that biodiversity can be conserved through in-situ and ex-situ methods. In-situ conservation involves protecting wildlife and plants in their natural habitats and allows populations to maintain themselves. In India, protected areas like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves help conserve biodiversity in-situ. Establishing these protected areas has helped restore viable populations of large mammals. Local communities are also involved through eco-development programs to sustainably conserve ecosystems.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of living organisms on Earth, including ecosystems and genetic diversity within species. Biodiversity is important for maintaining ecological balance. The document then discusses biodiversity conservation methods, including in-situ conservation of protecting species within their natural habitats through national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and sacred groves. Ex-situ conservation protects species outside their natural habitats in botanical gardens, zoological parks, and gene banks. The goal of conservation efforts is to protect biodiversity for future generations.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of living organisms on Earth, including ecosystems and genetic diversity within species. Maintaining biodiversity is important for ecological balance. The document then discusses threats to biodiversity from human activity and the need for conservation. It outlines two main approaches: in-situ conservation of species within their natural habitats, including through national parks and wildlife sanctuaries; and ex-situ conservation of species outside their natural habitats, including through zoos, botanical gardens, and gene banks. The goal is to educate about biodiversity and promote its conservation.
Conservation of biodiversity in india & endangered,endemic species of indiasatish dulla
contains a brief description about the endangered and endemic species of India.This ppt also provides the information regarding the reasons of this sitation and conservation techniques to save them.Empower and enrich the prosperity of India.
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1) The document discusses endangered and endemic species found in India and efforts towards conservation of biodiversity.
2) It provides examples of critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable species in India including the tiger, Asiatic lion, and Ganges river dolphin.
3) The main techniques for conservation of biodiversity mentioned are in-situ conservation of species within their natural habitat and ex-situ conservation outside their natural habitat such as botanical gardens, seed banks, and gene banks.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems they form. Biodiversity exists at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels and can be measured by species richness and evenness. Various modes of conservation aim to protect biodiversity both within natural habitats (in-situ) and outside of natural habitats (ex-situ) through means like national parks, botanical gardens, zoos, and endangered species lists. Loss of biodiversity threatens human survival, so cooperative conservation efforts across entire landscapes are needed.
The document discusses biodiversity and wildlife conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms on Earth, including species, ecosystems, and genes. There are three main types of biodiversity: species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity. Biodiversity provides both consumptive value through resources like food and medicine, and non-consumptive value through benefits like recreation and research. Wildlife faces threats from habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, climate change, and more. India is home to significant biodiversity and many endangered species. The government plays an important role in wildlife conservation through laws and programs like Project Tiger to protect threatened species and their habitats.
This document discusses biodiversity and its conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity present in different regions. It notes that genetic, species, and ecological diversity are the main levels of biological organization. The tropics have the highest species diversity due to longer evolutionary timescales. Species diversity increases with area. Biodiversity loss is largely due to habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and coextinctions. Conservation efforts focus on protecting biodiversity hotspots and using ex situ and in situ conservation methods. International agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity aim to promote biodiversity conservation.
Wildlife conservation in India is important because India is home to a high percentage of the world's biodiversity. However, human activities like exploitation of land and forests have led to the extinction of many species. Conservation efforts aim to preserve threatened species and their habitats through protected areas like tiger reserves and by raising awareness of the importance of wildlife. Community involvement is key to promoting tolerance for wildlife and sustainable practices.
This document discusses biodiversity, defining it as the variety of life in an area determined by the number of different species. It notes that biodiversity increases ecosystem stability and health. It then lists the main types of biodiversity as genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. The document emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for maintaining ecosystem balance, providing biological resources, and social benefits. It explains the need to conserve biodiversity to protect natural functions, for aesthetic and moral reasons, and to preserve potential material and economic benefits. Finally, it outlines some of India's biodiversity hotspots and the government's efforts to establish protected areas and enact wildlife protection laws.
This document discusses biodiversity at multiple levels - genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that biodiversity represents the variety of life forms from unicellular to multicellular organisms across all biological levels. Species diversity is largest among small organisms like insects and fungi. The document highlights that we have only described 15% of terrestrial species and 9% of marine species, showing how much biodiversity remains unknown. It also discusses the value of biodiversity through the ecosystem services it provides like nutrient cycling, soil conditioning, climate regulation, and providing natural resources for food, medicine and other uses. Maintaining biodiversity acts as an environmental insurance and ensures ecosystem resilience.
Biodiversity conservation strategies in Sri Lanka LakminiArosha
The document discusses strategies for biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka. It defines biodiversity and its importance. There are two main types of conservation: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation involves protecting ecosystems and habitats in their natural surroundings, including national parks and sanctuaries. Ex situ involves conservation outside natural habitats, such as zoos, captive breeding programs, gene banks, and botanical gardens. The document emphasizes the importance of both in situ and ex situ strategies and institutional support for effective biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka.
1. The document discusses biodiversity, which refers to the variety of life forms within an ecosystem. It notes that biodiversity exists at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels.
2. It identifies several megabiodiversity countries and biodiversity hotspots, including the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats in India.
3. Biodiversity is important for ecological, research, and economic reasons. It maintains ecosystems and supports the discovery of new products, while direct harvesting of plants and animals provides economic value. However, biodiversity is threatened by habitat destruction, killing of animals, invasive species, and pollution.
This document defines biodiversity and discusses its types, values, distribution, and importance for balancing nature. It outlines threats like habitat loss and overexploitation, as well as conservation efforts. Key points include that biodiversity encompasses genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity, and provides values like consumption, production, social/cultural, and ecosystem services. Most biodiversity is in tropical regions. Anthropogenic threats endanger many species, but conventions aim to promote conservation.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation in India. It describes in-situ conservation efforts like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves that protect natural habitats and species. National parks strictly conserve biodiversity, while sanctuaries allow some human activities. Biosphere reserves include core, buffer, and transition zones. Ex-situ conservation involves botanical gardens, zoos, seed and gene banks, and captive breeding to preserve species outside natural habitats. In-situ conservation is most effective but ex-situ helps declining and endangered populations through research and breeding programs. India has over 600 protected areas across these categories to conserve biodiversity.
The document discusses various strategies for conservation, including:
1) Wildlife managers aim to maintain animal populations at or below habitat carrying capacity to avoid damage. They also monitor breeding stock levels.
2) To manage habitats, wildlife managers consider historical trends, current conditions, breeding levels, and projections.
3) International efforts to conserve biodiversity include the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, which entered into force in 1993 and now has 166 parties.
- India has a rich biodiversity due to its varied climate and geography. It is estimated that India contains 8% of the world's biodiversity despite having only 2.4% of the world's land area.
- Biodiversity includes genetic diversity within species, diversity between species, and diversity of ecosystems. It is vital for providing resources like food, fuel, and medicine to humans.
- However, biodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate due to factors like habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of natural resources driven by increasing human population and changing lifestyles. Conserving biodiversity is important for ecological balance and human well-being.
Biodiversity conservation is important as the Earth is home to millions of plant and animal species. Biodiversity can be conserved through both in-situ and ex-situ methods. In-situ conservation involves protecting habitats and ecosystems within protected areas like national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and sacred forests. Ex-situ conservation involves protecting species outside their natural habitats in facilities like seed banks, gene banks, tissue culture banks, zoos, and botanical gardens. With increasing threats from habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict, both in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts are needed to prevent the extinction of endangered species and maintain Earth's biodiversity.
The document discusses biodiversity and conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. It notes that biodiversity is highest in the tropics and identifies three levels - genetic, species, and ecological diversity. Major threats to biodiversity include habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and co-extinctions. Strategies for conservation include both in-situ methods like protected areas and ex-situ approaches such as seed banks and zoos. International agreements aim to reduce biodiversity loss globally and nationally.
This document discusses the conservation of biodiversity. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms. It then describes the different levels of biodiversity from genetic to species to ecological diversity. The importance of biodiversity is discussed, noting that diverse ecosystems tend to be more stable and productive. Methods of conservation are also outlined, including in-situ conservation of natural habitats and ex-situ conservation of endangered species in controlled environments like zoos and botanical gardens. The global and individual approaches to conserving biodiversity are also summarized.
This document discusses arguments for preserving biodiversity. It notes that biodiversity provides direct values like food sources and natural products, as well as many indirect values. These indirect values include ecosystem productivity, scientific/educational value, biological control, genetic resources, environmental monitoring, recreation, human health, human rights, intrinsic value, and facilitating future conservation efforts. The document also discusses international conventions and protected area design. It evaluates approaches to conservation at the species, area, and ecosystem levels and considers debates around reserve size and design.
This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It notes that biodiversity is declining rapidly, with thousands of species going extinct each year. Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem functions like water and air purification. Conservation strategies include legislation, in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts, recording indigenous knowledge, community participation, and international agreements. Local communities depend on biodiversity for their livelihoods and cultures. Overall biodiversity conservation is crucial for environmental health and human well-being.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Conservation of biodiversity in india & endangered,endemic species of indiasatish dulla
contains a brief description about the endangered and endemic species of India.This ppt also provides the information regarding the reasons of this sitation and conservation techniques to save them.Empower and enrich the prosperity of India.
http://movie-rulz.xyz/category/hollywood-movies/2016-english-movies/
http://movie-rulz.xyz/
http://movie-rulz.xyz/category/telugu-movies/2016-telugu-movies/
1) The document discusses endangered and endemic species found in India and efforts towards conservation of biodiversity.
2) It provides examples of critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable species in India including the tiger, Asiatic lion, and Ganges river dolphin.
3) The main techniques for conservation of biodiversity mentioned are in-situ conservation of species within their natural habitat and ex-situ conservation outside their natural habitat such as botanical gardens, seed banks, and gene banks.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems they form. Biodiversity exists at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels and can be measured by species richness and evenness. Various modes of conservation aim to protect biodiversity both within natural habitats (in-situ) and outside of natural habitats (ex-situ) through means like national parks, botanical gardens, zoos, and endangered species lists. Loss of biodiversity threatens human survival, so cooperative conservation efforts across entire landscapes are needed.
The document discusses biodiversity and wildlife conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms on Earth, including species, ecosystems, and genes. There are three main types of biodiversity: species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity. Biodiversity provides both consumptive value through resources like food and medicine, and non-consumptive value through benefits like recreation and research. Wildlife faces threats from habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, climate change, and more. India is home to significant biodiversity and many endangered species. The government plays an important role in wildlife conservation through laws and programs like Project Tiger to protect threatened species and their habitats.
This document discusses biodiversity and its conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity present in different regions. It notes that genetic, species, and ecological diversity are the main levels of biological organization. The tropics have the highest species diversity due to longer evolutionary timescales. Species diversity increases with area. Biodiversity loss is largely due to habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and coextinctions. Conservation efforts focus on protecting biodiversity hotspots and using ex situ and in situ conservation methods. International agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity aim to promote biodiversity conservation.
Wildlife conservation in India is important because India is home to a high percentage of the world's biodiversity. However, human activities like exploitation of land and forests have led to the extinction of many species. Conservation efforts aim to preserve threatened species and their habitats through protected areas like tiger reserves and by raising awareness of the importance of wildlife. Community involvement is key to promoting tolerance for wildlife and sustainable practices.
This document discusses biodiversity, defining it as the variety of life in an area determined by the number of different species. It notes that biodiversity increases ecosystem stability and health. It then lists the main types of biodiversity as genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. The document emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for maintaining ecosystem balance, providing biological resources, and social benefits. It explains the need to conserve biodiversity to protect natural functions, for aesthetic and moral reasons, and to preserve potential material and economic benefits. Finally, it outlines some of India's biodiversity hotspots and the government's efforts to establish protected areas and enact wildlife protection laws.
This document discusses biodiversity at multiple levels - genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that biodiversity represents the variety of life forms from unicellular to multicellular organisms across all biological levels. Species diversity is largest among small organisms like insects and fungi. The document highlights that we have only described 15% of terrestrial species and 9% of marine species, showing how much biodiversity remains unknown. It also discusses the value of biodiversity through the ecosystem services it provides like nutrient cycling, soil conditioning, climate regulation, and providing natural resources for food, medicine and other uses. Maintaining biodiversity acts as an environmental insurance and ensures ecosystem resilience.
Biodiversity conservation strategies in Sri Lanka LakminiArosha
The document discusses strategies for biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka. It defines biodiversity and its importance. There are two main types of conservation: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation involves protecting ecosystems and habitats in their natural surroundings, including national parks and sanctuaries. Ex situ involves conservation outside natural habitats, such as zoos, captive breeding programs, gene banks, and botanical gardens. The document emphasizes the importance of both in situ and ex situ strategies and institutional support for effective biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka.
1. The document discusses biodiversity, which refers to the variety of life forms within an ecosystem. It notes that biodiversity exists at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels.
2. It identifies several megabiodiversity countries and biodiversity hotspots, including the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats in India.
3. Biodiversity is important for ecological, research, and economic reasons. It maintains ecosystems and supports the discovery of new products, while direct harvesting of plants and animals provides economic value. However, biodiversity is threatened by habitat destruction, killing of animals, invasive species, and pollution.
This document defines biodiversity and discusses its types, values, distribution, and importance for balancing nature. It outlines threats like habitat loss and overexploitation, as well as conservation efforts. Key points include that biodiversity encompasses genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity, and provides values like consumption, production, social/cultural, and ecosystem services. Most biodiversity is in tropical regions. Anthropogenic threats endanger many species, but conventions aim to promote conservation.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation in India. It describes in-situ conservation efforts like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves that protect natural habitats and species. National parks strictly conserve biodiversity, while sanctuaries allow some human activities. Biosphere reserves include core, buffer, and transition zones. Ex-situ conservation involves botanical gardens, zoos, seed and gene banks, and captive breeding to preserve species outside natural habitats. In-situ conservation is most effective but ex-situ helps declining and endangered populations through research and breeding programs. India has over 600 protected areas across these categories to conserve biodiversity.
The document discusses various strategies for conservation, including:
1) Wildlife managers aim to maintain animal populations at or below habitat carrying capacity to avoid damage. They also monitor breeding stock levels.
2) To manage habitats, wildlife managers consider historical trends, current conditions, breeding levels, and projections.
3) International efforts to conserve biodiversity include the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, which entered into force in 1993 and now has 166 parties.
- India has a rich biodiversity due to its varied climate and geography. It is estimated that India contains 8% of the world's biodiversity despite having only 2.4% of the world's land area.
- Biodiversity includes genetic diversity within species, diversity between species, and diversity of ecosystems. It is vital for providing resources like food, fuel, and medicine to humans.
- However, biodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate due to factors like habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of natural resources driven by increasing human population and changing lifestyles. Conserving biodiversity is important for ecological balance and human well-being.
Biodiversity conservation is important as the Earth is home to millions of plant and animal species. Biodiversity can be conserved through both in-situ and ex-situ methods. In-situ conservation involves protecting habitats and ecosystems within protected areas like national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and sacred forests. Ex-situ conservation involves protecting species outside their natural habitats in facilities like seed banks, gene banks, tissue culture banks, zoos, and botanical gardens. With increasing threats from habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict, both in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts are needed to prevent the extinction of endangered species and maintain Earth's biodiversity.
The document discusses biodiversity and conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. It notes that biodiversity is highest in the tropics and identifies three levels - genetic, species, and ecological diversity. Major threats to biodiversity include habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and co-extinctions. Strategies for conservation include both in-situ methods like protected areas and ex-situ approaches such as seed banks and zoos. International agreements aim to reduce biodiversity loss globally and nationally.
This document discusses the conservation of biodiversity. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms. It then describes the different levels of biodiversity from genetic to species to ecological diversity. The importance of biodiversity is discussed, noting that diverse ecosystems tend to be more stable and productive. Methods of conservation are also outlined, including in-situ conservation of natural habitats and ex-situ conservation of endangered species in controlled environments like zoos and botanical gardens. The global and individual approaches to conserving biodiversity are also summarized.
This document discusses arguments for preserving biodiversity. It notes that biodiversity provides direct values like food sources and natural products, as well as many indirect values. These indirect values include ecosystem productivity, scientific/educational value, biological control, genetic resources, environmental monitoring, recreation, human health, human rights, intrinsic value, and facilitating future conservation efforts. The document also discusses international conventions and protected area design. It evaluates approaches to conservation at the species, area, and ecosystem levels and considers debates around reserve size and design.
This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It notes that biodiversity is declining rapidly, with thousands of species going extinct each year. Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem functions like water and air purification. Conservation strategies include legislation, in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts, recording indigenous knowledge, community participation, and international agreements. Local communities depend on biodiversity for their livelihoods and cultures. Overall biodiversity conservation is crucial for environmental health and human well-being.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses different types of movements in plants. There are two main types of movements: tropic movements and nastic movements. Tropic movements are directional movements towards or away from a stimulus, and include phototropism (response to light), geotropism (response to gravity), hydrotropism (response to water), chemotropism (response to chemicals), and haptotropism (response to touch). Nastic movements are plant movements that are not in response to an external stimulus.
The document discusses different types of movements in plants. There are two main types of movements: tropic movements and nastic movements. Tropic movements are directional movements towards or away from a stimulus, and include phototropism (response to light), geotropism (response to gravity), hydrotropism (response to water), chemotropism (response to chemicals), and haptotropism (response to touch). Nastic movements are plant movements that are not in response to an external stimulus.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
digital text .pdf
1. Observe the illustration. Do you have doubt like these. Do you think it is necessary
to conserve our biodiversity? Write your opinion in your science diary.
Biodiversity
starts in the
distant past and
it points towards
the future.
Save our
biodiversity
Is it necessary to
conserve
biodiversity? Is it
have that much
importance on
our biosphere?
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In our biosphere immense diversity exists not only at the species level but at all
levels of biological organization. Even the common man would find it hard to
believe that there are more than 20,000 species of ants, 3,00,000 species of
beetles, 28,000 species of fishes and nearly 20,000 species of orchids.
Biodiversity is our living wealth.
1.BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity itself is the combination of two words, Bio (life) and Diversity
(variety). Biodiversity includes all the diverse organisms that inhabit the earth
along with their ecosystems. In simple terms, biodiversity is the number and
variety of organisms found within a specified area. It refers to the varieties of
plants animals and microorganisms.
WALTER G. ROSEN
He was a British environmentalist.
He coined the term biodiversity in
1985
Biodiversity is not found evenly
on earth. It is richer in tropics
than polar regions.
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1.1 Levels of Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the term popularized by the sociobiologist Edward Wilson to
describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organisation. Let’s
see what are the levels of biodiversity.
Indicators
• Genetic diversity
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
Fig. 1
Genetic diversity : A single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over
the distributional range. Genes are the basic building blocks of various life forms.
Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within the species.
Ecosystem diversity : It refers to the variety of ecosystems. India is rich in various
ecosystems like desert, rainforest, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries etc.
Species diversity : This refers to the variety of species. It relate to the number of species
in a defined area. For eg: Western Ghats have greater amphibian species than Eastern
Ghats.
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observe the illustration given below and based on the indicators prepare a note on
global biodiversity.
Illustration 2
Indicators
• Which invertebrate group occupy largest and least position in biodiversity?
• Why the number of amphibians reduces rapidly day by day?
• While considering global biodiversity which group of animal found the
most?
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1.2 Importance of Biodiversity.
What are the benefits of conserving biodiversity? In order to understand it, we
must identify the importance of biodiversity on earth.
Observe the illustration given below. On the basis of the illustration, prepare a note
on need for conserving biodiversity.
Illustration 3
Importance
of
biodiversity
Tourism
Boost ecosystem
productivity
Food
Medicine
Recreation
Ecological services
Auxiliary services
There are 12 mega
diversity countries in
the world. India is one
of them.
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Fig 2 Biodiversity then Fig. 3 Biodiversity now
What is the condition of biodiversity around us? What happens to the biodiversity?
Discuss the indicators.
Indicators
• Are all organisms that once existed in your locality still exist?
• Are changes in the agricultural field affect biodiversity?
• Are the changes in lifestyle leads to biodiversity depletion?
• What is the role of humans in biodiversity loss?
Along with the inferences formulated through discussion, collect relevant
supplementary materials and prepare a scientific article. Exhibit it on the wall
magazine.
How do you understand the changes in biodiversity?
• Through observation
• Bird watching
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Observe the fig. 3 and list out the reasons for biodiversity depletion.
•
•
•
1.3 Biodiversity Loss
While it is doubtful if any new species are being added into the earth’s treasury of
species, there is no doubt about their continuing losses. The biological wealth of
our planet has been declining rapidly and the accusing finger is clearly pointing to
human activities.
Illustration 4
Causes of
biodiversity
loss
Alien
species
invasion.
Climate
change.
Habitat loss
and
fragmentation
Over
exploitation
Co-
extinction.
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Try to find other causes of biodiversity loss?
▪ Pollution.
▪ Deforestation.
▪
▪
IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) is an organization for
environmental protection, operating in different countries. Under the auspices of
IUCN, a list of endangered plants and animals is prepared every year. This is
known as Red Data Book. Some countries prepare Red Data Book on their own.
This information in Red Data Book is helpful to identify the extent of biodiversity
depletion and to plan out appropriate conservation methods.
RED DATA BOOK
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2. BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Do you think conservation of biodiversity is necessary? Is it necessary to protect
organisms at the verge of extinction? What are the precautions we should adopt to
conserve biodiversity? Discuss and write your inferences.
2.1Biodiversity Conservation Methods
The enormous value of biodiversity due to their genetic, commercial, medical and
aesthetic importance emphasizes the need to conserve biodiversity. There are many
national and international organizations and legal systems working for the
conservation of biodiversity. The Government conserves bio-rich areas declaring
them as protected areas.
Two conservation methods are prevalent. They are:
1. In-situ conservation.
2. Ex-situ conservation.
1. In-situ conservation : Conservation methods in which organisms are protected
in their natural habitats.
2. Ex-situ conservation : Conservation method in which organisms are protected
outside their natural habitats.
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2.1.1 In-Situ Conservation
Biosphere reserve
These are vast regions designed with an aim to protect world’s important
ecosystems, biodiversity and genetic resources.
Biosphere reserves in India
State Biosphere reserve
Uttar Pradesh Nanda devi
Meghalaya Nokrek
Assam Manas
West Bengal Sundarbans
Kerala Nilgiri, Agastyarkoodam
Odissa Great Nicobar and
Similipal
Fig 4
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National park
National parks are designed to protect wild lives along with the protection of
historical monuments, natural resources and geographical features of an area.
National parks in India
National
Park
State Important
wildlife
Kaziranga Assam One horned
Rhino
Gir
national
park
Gujarat Indian lion
Bandipur Karnataka Elephant
Eravikulam Kerala Nilgiri tahr
Fig. 5
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Wild life sanctuary
These are forest areas declared as protected areas to prevent the extinction of wild
lives by protecting the ecosystems.
Wild life sanctuaries in India
Wildlife
Sanctuary
State
Ghana bird
sanctuary
Rajasthan
Vedanthangal
bird sanctuary
Tamil nadu
Peppara Kerala
Periyar Kerala
Wayanadu Kerala
Abohar
wildlife
sanctuary
Punjab
Fig 6
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Sacred grooves
These are small areas of biodiversity protected in
regions inhabited by human beings. Due to
change in life style many of these highly bio-rich
areas have been destroyed. Only a few are
remaining now. Sacred groves play an important
role in conservation of water also.
Fig 8
▪ Largest national park in
India – Hemis National
Park,jammu& Kashmir.
▪ Smallest national park in
India – South Button
Island national park,
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands.
▪ Largest wild life sanctuary
in india – Rann of Kutch,
Gujarat.
▪ Smallest wild life
sanctuary in India – Bor
tiger reserve, Maharashtra.
Community reserves
Community reserves are areas protected with the
participation of the public. These are ecologically
important places located in populated areas. The
Kadalundi community reserve spread over the Fig 7
district of Malappuram and Kozhikode is an example.
Fig 7
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Complete the illustration
Illustration 5
In-situ
conservation
National
park
---------------
----
Biosphere
reserve
---------
Community
reserve
------------
Wildlife
sanctuary
-----------------
-
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2.1.2 Ex-Situ Conservation
see ‘vanyajeevisamrakshanam’
in school resouces in IT @ School,
Edubundu
Zoological gardens
In zoological gardens
different varieties of
animals are protected
and housed separately
and necessary
arrangements are made
available for their
reproduction.
Eg: zoological gardens at
Thiruvananthapuram and
Thrissur in kerala.
Fig 9
Botanical gardens
These are wide research
centres where rare and
important plants of
diverse species are
protected.
Eg: Jawahalal Nehru
Tropicl Botanical Garden
and Reseach Institute
(JNTBGRI) at Palode &
Malabar Botanical
Garden (MBG) at
Olavanna.
Fig 10
Gene banks
These are research
centres with facilities to
collect seeds and
gametes to preserve
them for a long time.
Organisms canbe
recreated whenever
required.
Eg: Rajiv Gandhi
Centre For
Biotechnology at
Thiruvananthapuram.
Fig 11
Fig 11
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Indicators
▪ What is the scope for ex-situ conservation?
▪ What is the significance of gene bank?
2.2 Organizations and Conferences for Biodiversity Conservation
Many government and non-government organizations design and coordinate
environment protection activities. Let us familiarize ourselves with some of the
organisations and institutions at the national and international levels.
2.2.1 Organisations
IUCN
(International Union for
Conservation of Nature)
IUCN is a Switzerland based
independent organization
working for the protection of
biodiversity.
WWF
(World Wide Fund for nature)
Biodiversity conservation,
prevention of exploitation and
pollution of natural resources
are the objectives of WWF. Its
headquarters is also in
Switzerland.
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2.2.2 Conferences
The government of India along with 155 nations have signed the convention of
Biodiversity at Earth Summit held at Rio De Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. The world
conservation strategy has suggested the following steps for biodiversity conservation:
✓ Effort should be made to preserve the species that are endangered.
✓ Prevention of extinction requires proper planning and management.
✓ Varieties of food crops, forage plants, timber trees, livestock, animals and their wild
relatives should be preserved.
✓ Each country should identify habitats of wild relatives and ensure their protection.
✓ Habitats where species feed, breed, rest and nurse their young should be safeguarded
and protected.
✓ International trade in wild plants and animals be regulated.
RIO EARTH SUMMIT, 1992
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Significant learning outcomes
▪ Explain biodiversity
▪ Find out the causes of biodiversity loss.
▪ Engage in conservation activities realizing the importance of conservation of
biodiversity.
Let us assess
1. Find the odd one out;
a. Botanical garden, zoological gardens, sacred groves, gene bank.
b. Species diversity, forest diversity, genetic diversity, ecosystem
diversity.
2. Examine the statements given below and rewrite if there are errors.
a. Eravikulam is an example of community reserve.
b. In ex-situ conservation organisms are protected outside their natural
habitat.
c. Animals are reared and protected in botanical gardens.
3. What we can do for the protection of biodiversity?
Extended activities
▪ Prepare a poster that emphasize biodiversity depletion and its consequences.
▪ Conduct a seminar that emphasizes biodiversity and importance of
biodiversity conservation.