Diffusion
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Molecules will diffuse from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration across cell membranes. Smaller particles and molecules diffuse faster than larger ones. Diffusion occurs more quickly through thin membranes and over shorter distances, or with increased surface area or temperature, as higher temperatures provide particles with greater kinetic energy for faster movement.
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Osmosis!
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, and occurs in all cells. Osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane. There are three types of osmosis depending on the concentration of water molecules inside and outside the cell: hypertonic occurs when more water leaves than enters the cell, hypotonic occurs when more water enters than leaves, and isotonic is when equal amounts of water move in and out of the cell.
Exchange w environ pp (simple version)
The document discusses different transport processes across cell membranes. It explains that diffusion is the passive movement of particles from areas of high concentration to low concentration without needing energy. Osmosis, the diffusion of water through the selectively permeable cell membrane, occurs to maintain water balance in cells. Particles can enter and leave cells through membrane proteins via passive transport through diffusion or active transport using cellular energy. Larger particles move in and out of cells through endocytosis, which surrounds particles with the membrane, and exocytosis, which releases particles using vesicles.
Diffusion Transport
The document discusses osmosis and cell transport mechanisms. It defines osmosis as the movement of water across a membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower. The document outlines different transport mechanisms including simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, and active transport. Active transport requires energy from the cell to move particles from low to high concentration against the gradient.
Surface area to volume ratio
1) The document discusses how surface area to volume ratio limits cell size. As cells increase in size, their volume increases much faster than their surface area.
2) A smaller surface area to volume ratio makes it more difficult for cells to exchange materials by diffusion with their surroundings.
3) Organisms with smaller sizes, such as microbes, have much higher surface area to volume ratios that allow for more efficient exchange of materials compared to larger organisms.
Diffusion osmosis active transport
The document discusses diffusion and osmosis. It defines diffusion as the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a gradient. Osmosis is defined as the specific movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to low water potential. The document provides examples of osmosis in plant and animal cells and explains how osmosis allows plant cells to become turgid or plasmolyzed depending on the direction of water flow. Active transport is also introduced as the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient.
Diffusion osmosis active transport
The document discusses diffusion and osmosis. It defines diffusion as the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a gradient. Osmosis is defined as the specific movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one. The document provides examples of osmosis in plant and animal cells and explains how osmosis can cause cells to become turgid when filled with water or plasmolysed when losing water. Active transport is also introduced as the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.
passive transport.pptx
This document discusses passive transport mechanisms in cell membranes. It defines passive transport as the movement of molecules or ions across the cell membrane without requiring energy. There are three main types of passive transport: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins to transport molecules across the membrane. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the membrane, moving from an area of lower solute concentration to higher concentration.
biology-Diffusion & osmosis
This document discusses diffusion, the factors that affect it, and osmosis. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient. The key factors that influence diffusion are distance, concentration gradient, surface area, temperature, and molecule size. Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion where water molecules move through a partially permeable membrane from a more dilute to more concentrated solution. Osmosis in plant and animal cells can result in cells becoming turgid and firm when water enters, or wilted and flaccid when water leaves.
Recommended
Osmosis!
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, and occurs in all cells. Osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane. There are three types of osmosis depending on the concentration of water molecules inside and outside the cell: hypertonic occurs when more water leaves than enters the cell, hypotonic occurs when more water enters than leaves, and isotonic is when equal amounts of water move in and out of the cell.
Exchange w environ pp (simple version)
The document discusses different transport processes across cell membranes. It explains that diffusion is the passive movement of particles from areas of high concentration to low concentration without needing energy. Osmosis, the diffusion of water through the selectively permeable cell membrane, occurs to maintain water balance in cells. Particles can enter and leave cells through membrane proteins via passive transport through diffusion or active transport using cellular energy. Larger particles move in and out of cells through endocytosis, which surrounds particles with the membrane, and exocytosis, which releases particles using vesicles.
Diffusion Transport
The document discusses osmosis and cell transport mechanisms. It defines osmosis as the movement of water across a membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower. The document outlines different transport mechanisms including simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, and active transport. Active transport requires energy from the cell to move particles from low to high concentration against the gradient.
Surface area to volume ratio
1) The document discusses how surface area to volume ratio limits cell size. As cells increase in size, their volume increases much faster than their surface area.
2) A smaller surface area to volume ratio makes it more difficult for cells to exchange materials by diffusion with their surroundings.
3) Organisms with smaller sizes, such as microbes, have much higher surface area to volume ratios that allow for more efficient exchange of materials compared to larger organisms.
Diffusion osmosis active transport
The document discusses diffusion and osmosis. It defines diffusion as the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a gradient. Osmosis is defined as the specific movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to low water potential. The document provides examples of osmosis in plant and animal cells and explains how osmosis allows plant cells to become turgid or plasmolyzed depending on the direction of water flow. Active transport is also introduced as the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient.
Diffusion osmosis active transport
The document discusses diffusion and osmosis. It defines diffusion as the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a gradient. Osmosis is defined as the specific movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one. The document provides examples of osmosis in plant and animal cells and explains how osmosis can cause cells to become turgid when filled with water or plasmolysed when losing water. Active transport is also introduced as the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.
passive transport.pptx
This document discusses passive transport mechanisms in cell membranes. It defines passive transport as the movement of molecules or ions across the cell membrane without requiring energy. There are three main types of passive transport: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins to transport molecules across the membrane. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the membrane, moving from an area of lower solute concentration to higher concentration.
biology-Diffusion & osmosis
This document discusses diffusion, the factors that affect it, and osmosis. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient. The key factors that influence diffusion are distance, concentration gradient, surface area, temperature, and molecule size. Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion where water molecules move through a partially permeable membrane from a more dilute to more concentrated solution. Osmosis in plant and animal cells can result in cells becoming turgid and firm when water enters, or wilted and flaccid when water leaves.
As mechanics of breathing
During inspiration, contraction of the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm causes the rib cage to move upwards and outwards, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity and decreasing pressure inside. This lower pressure allows oxygen to move from the higher pressure atmosphere into the lungs. Expiration is usually a passive process where relaxation of these muscles causes the rib cage and diaphragm to move back to their original positions, decreasing thoracic cavity size, increasing pressure, and allowing gases to move out of the lungs into the lower pressure atmosphere.
types of WBC
This document summarizes the different types of white blood cells (WBCs). It discusses granulocytes which contain granules, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Agranulocytes do not contain granules and include lymphocytes and monocytes. Neutrophils are the most common type of WBC and function through phagocytosis. Eosinophils contain a bi-lobed nucleus and increase during allergic conditions. Basophils contain granules that release histamine and cause inflammation. Monocytes are single kidney shaped cells that phagocytose after becoming macrophages. Lymphocytes include B and T cells which carry out immune functions. B cells mature in bone marrow and
Seed dispersal
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Types of-asexual-reproduction
Types of asexual reproduction include binary fission, spore formation, and tuber formation. Binary fission involves a parent cell dividing into two equal daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent. Spore formation occurs when fungal hyphae grow vertically and produce spores that are released. Tuber formation takes place as underground stems of certain plants like potatoes swell into storage organs called tubers.
asexual and-sexual_reproduction
This document compares asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves one parent producing offspring that are identical to itself. It occurs in plants, bacteria, protists and some invertebrates. The offspring have no variation and less chance of survival. Sexual reproduction involves two parents producing offspring that are a combination of both parents, making them unique. This provides variation and ability to adapt to environmental changes, but requires finding a mate and takes longer.
Nutrition
Autotrophic nutrition refers to organisms that can produce their own organic compounds from inorganic sources. There are two main types: photoautotrophs like plants use light as an energy source through photosynthesis, while chemoautotrophs like deep sea bacteria use chemical energy through chemosynthesis to produce food without relying on sunlight. Both photosynthesis and chemosynthesis allow autotrophs to make their own organic compounds from inorganic materials like carbon dioxide and water.
types of RNA
There are three main types of RNA: transfer RNA (tRNA) which transfers amino acids to ribosomes for protein assembly, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which forms ribosomes along with proteins, and messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where proteins are made. mRNA is single stranded and made of 1000 nucleotides.
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04 implantation (1)
The zygote undergoes rapid cell division over the first 30 hours after fertilization, dividing into 2, then 4, then 8 and 16 cells. The trophoblast layer develops into the chorion and amnion membranes, with the chorion growing finger-like villi to increase nutrient absorption and secreting HCG to sustain the corpus luteum, and the villi later forming part of the placenta. The amnion forms a sac around the fetus containing amniotic fluid to protect and provide room for movement of the fetus.
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gametogenesis
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- The first question is multiple choice, asking students to shade the correct answer for questions about respiratory and circulatory systems. It contains 14 questions.
- The second question asks students to analyze a graph showing lung pressure changes during breathing and calculate the difference between minimum inspiration and maximum expiration pressures. It is worth 14 marks.
- The document provides instructions for how students should answer multiple choice and graph analysis questions on the exam.
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Male reproductive system
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The stages-of-fertilisation-in-a-flowering-plant
The key structures in a flower include the stigma, anther, style, ovary, and ovule. The stages of pollination begin when a pollen grain lands on the stigma and stimulates the formation of a pollen tube. The pollen tube grows down the style and carries the pollen grain nucleus and two male gametes. It continues growing until it reaches the micropyle opening of the ovary, where the male gametes are released. One male gamete fuses with the female gamete to form a zygote, while the other fuses with the diploid nucleus to form triploid endosperm.
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This document discusses several biological processes that require energy: movement through cilia, flagella, and muscle contraction; maintaining a constant body temperature in endotherms; anabolic processes that form complex molecules; active transport moving molecules against concentration gradients; bioluminescence converting chemical energy to light; and secretion involving packaging and transport of secretory products into vesicles.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
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During inspiration, contraction of the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm causes the rib cage to move upwards and outwards, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity and decreasing pressure inside. This lower pressure allows oxygen to move from the higher pressure atmosphere into the lungs. Expiration is usually a passive process where relaxation of these muscles causes the rib cage and diaphragm to move back to their original positions, decreasing thoracic cavity size, increasing pressure, and allowing gases to move out of the lungs into the lower pressure atmosphere.
types of WBC
This document summarizes the different types of white blood cells (WBCs). It discusses granulocytes which contain granules, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Agranulocytes do not contain granules and include lymphocytes and monocytes. Neutrophils are the most common type of WBC and function through phagocytosis. Eosinophils contain a bi-lobed nucleus and increase during allergic conditions. Basophils contain granules that release histamine and cause inflammation. Monocytes are single kidney shaped cells that phagocytose after becoming macrophages. Lymphocytes include B and T cells which carry out immune functions. B cells mature in bone marrow and
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The document discusses the main parts of a flower - the sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil. The sepals are the outermost ring that protect the developing bud. Inside are the petals, which attract pollinators with their color. The stamen are the male reproductive organs that produce pollen. In the center is the pistil, which contains the female reproductive organs including the stigma, style, and ovary that produce seeds.
Types of-asexual-reproduction
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asexual and-sexual_reproduction
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types of RNA
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Adrenaline causes several effects on the body including increasing the pulse rate and blood glucose levels to provide more energy to muscles, as well as increasing breathing rate to deliver more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. It also causes physical reactions like sweating, goosebumps, hair standing on end, dilated pupils, and pale skin as blood is redirected away from the skin.
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The zygote undergoes rapid cell division over the first 30 hours after fertilization, dividing into 2, then 4, then 8 and 16 cells. The trophoblast layer develops into the chorion and amnion membranes, with the chorion growing finger-like villi to increase nutrient absorption and secreting HCG to sustain the corpus luteum, and the villi later forming part of the placenta. The amnion forms a sac around the fetus containing amniotic fluid to protect and provide room for movement of the fetus.
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gametogenesis
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- The document appears to be exam instructions and questions for a biology diploma exam. It provides exam rules and guidelines, as well as two sample exam questions.
- The first question is multiple choice, asking students to shade the correct answer for questions about respiratory and circulatory systems. It contains 14 questions.
- The second question asks students to analyze a graph showing lung pressure changes during breathing and calculate the difference between minimum inspiration and maximum expiration pressures. It is worth 14 marks.
- The document provides instructions for how students should answer multiple choice and graph analysis questions on the exam.
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Male reproductive system
The male reproductive system consists of both external and internal structures. Externally, it includes the testes which produce sperm and testosterone, the scrotum which holds the testes, and the penis. Internally, each testis contains seminiferous tubules that produce sperm and merge to form the epididymis and vas deferens, leading to the urethra which carries sperm and urine. Along the urethra are glands like the seminal vesicles and prostate that secrete fluids to nourish and protect sperm.
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Glycolysis
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Need for energy
This document discusses several biological processes that require energy: movement through cilia, flagella, and muscle contraction; maintaining a constant body temperature in endotherms; anabolic processes that form complex molecules; active transport moving molecules against concentration gradients; bioluminescence converting chemical energy to light; and secretion involving packaging and transport of secretory products into vesicles.
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Diffusion
- 2. CONCENTRATION GRADIENT If a substance is more concentrated outside a cell than inside, the molecules will tend to diffuse into the cell If a substance is more concentrated inside the cell than outside, the molecules will tend to diffuse out of the cell 6
- 3. The concentration of oxygen molecules is greater outside the cell than inside So the oxygen molecules diffuse into the cell CONCENTRATION GRADIENT 9
- 4. SIZE OF CELLS Smaller particles tend to diffuse faster than larger molecules 10
- 5. DIFFUSION PATHWAY Diffusion takes place more quickly through thin membranes because there is only a short diffusion pathway.The shorter the distance between the two regions , the faster the rate 11
- 6. Diffusion is quicker if membrane has a large surface area 12 SURFACE AREA
- 7. Increase in temperature increases rate of diffusion because particles have greater kinetic energy. TEMPERATURE 13
Editor's Notes
- “Ah! Bisto” The ‘Bisto Kids’ featured on advertising for ‘Bisto’ gravy powder from the 1920s - 90s. After you have studied this presentation you may be able to decide whether this is a good example of diffusion.
- The concentration of carbon dioxide is greater inside the cell than outside. Carbon dioxide molecules will diffuse out of the cell.
- The oxygen is used in respiration. Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration. The concentration of carbon dioxide inside the cell increases, so carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell.
- Compared with its bulk, a cell like this has a huge surface area through which diffusion can occur