IxLoad provides a comprehensive solution for testing Diameter networks and interfaces. It can simulate up to 16 million subscribers and over 400,000 transactions per second. Key capabilities include:
1. Coordinating tests across multiple Diameter interfaces using SmartEvents to simulate real-world call flows and error conditions.
2. Customizing Diameter messages with SmartAVPs to insert, modify, or remove AVPs including nested AVPs for negative testing.
3. Supporting over 15 Diameter interfaces for 3GPP including S6a, Gx, Rx, and more.
Diameter is an authentication, authorization, and accounting protocol for computer networks. It evolved from and replaces the much less capable RADIUS protocol that preceded it. in this presentation I will try to familiarize you with the new AAA protocol and deep dive into the diameter protocol details, Credit Control Application (Gx,Gy and GZ) and sample use case for peering Sandvine PTS (Working as PCEF) with freePCRF.server and finally introduce you with seagull, a popular test tool to test different diameter-based scenarios. Hope you like it
basim.alyy@gmail.com
basimaly.wordpress.com
https://eg.linkedin.com/pub/basim-aly/38/774/228
Testing Network Routers for Extreme Scale and Performance Sailaja Tennati
In response to the demand for high scale test solutions validating Layer 1-3 performance, Spirent has developed a new mX2 test module series with 1G, 10G, 40G and 100G speeds providing industry-leading scale, reliability, security and realism.
The presentation is dedicated to the main products of NUVX Technologies, which will be of interest to Telco companies, ISP providers, as well as integrators.
Our key products are: NUVX.DPI, NUVX.NAT and NUVX.QoE
Feel free to contact us in case of any questions: http://nuvx.com/contacts
The document discusses network traffic analysis and planning. It describes characterizing existing network usage, including identifying user communities, applications used, traffic flows, locations and bandwidth requirements. It also covers planning for network expansions, including quantifying performance and verifying service quality. Different types of traffic flows are defined, such as client/server, peer-to-peer and terminal/host. Challenges in planning for voice over IP networks and issues caused by excessive broadcast traffic are also addressed.
Juniper Networks' vMX product provides a virtualized routing platform that can run the same Junos operating system as physical MX routers. The vMX uses virtualized DPDK-accelerated packet processing called vTRIO to separate the control and data planes for high performance. It supports various hypervisor and container deployments and can scale throughput from 100Mbps up to multiple 10Gbps ports depending on vCPU and core allocation. The vMX is suited for applications such as virtual PE routers, DC gateways, cloud WAN routers, and route reflectors where service providers need a virtualized solution that leverages their existing Junos feature set.
SD-WAN Catalyst a brief Presentation of solutionpepegaston2030
The document discusses Cisco's SD-WAN solution which provides flexibility, transport independence, and a unified management plane. It describes the SD-WAN architecture including the management plane with vManage, control plane with vSmart controllers, and data plane with physical/virtual WAN edge routers. The SD-WAN solution uses an overlay protocol and transport locators to establish encrypted tunnels between sites and distribute routing policies and services across the WAN.
Wireless intelligent networking allows service providers to introduce new services quickly through an evolving network architecture. It uses standards like CAMEL and WIN to enable features controlled outside the switch like pre-paid calling. The architecture includes elements like the SCP and IP that contain service logic and resources, interacting with other networks through signaling protocols like SS7.
Squire Technologies: Signal Transfer Point Presentation.
The SVI_STP provides a comprehensive future proof STP supporting legacy SS7 TDM, Next Generation IP SIGTRAN and IMS / LTE / 4G support. A mature, proven, carrier grade technology packed with feature rich capabilities derived from a decade of global deployments.
Diameter is an authentication, authorization, and accounting protocol for computer networks. It evolved from and replaces the much less capable RADIUS protocol that preceded it. in this presentation I will try to familiarize you with the new AAA protocol and deep dive into the diameter protocol details, Credit Control Application (Gx,Gy and GZ) and sample use case for peering Sandvine PTS (Working as PCEF) with freePCRF.server and finally introduce you with seagull, a popular test tool to test different diameter-based scenarios. Hope you like it
basim.alyy@gmail.com
basimaly.wordpress.com
https://eg.linkedin.com/pub/basim-aly/38/774/228
Testing Network Routers for Extreme Scale and Performance Sailaja Tennati
In response to the demand for high scale test solutions validating Layer 1-3 performance, Spirent has developed a new mX2 test module series with 1G, 10G, 40G and 100G speeds providing industry-leading scale, reliability, security and realism.
The presentation is dedicated to the main products of NUVX Technologies, which will be of interest to Telco companies, ISP providers, as well as integrators.
Our key products are: NUVX.DPI, NUVX.NAT and NUVX.QoE
Feel free to contact us in case of any questions: http://nuvx.com/contacts
The document discusses network traffic analysis and planning. It describes characterizing existing network usage, including identifying user communities, applications used, traffic flows, locations and bandwidth requirements. It also covers planning for network expansions, including quantifying performance and verifying service quality. Different types of traffic flows are defined, such as client/server, peer-to-peer and terminal/host. Challenges in planning for voice over IP networks and issues caused by excessive broadcast traffic are also addressed.
Juniper Networks' vMX product provides a virtualized routing platform that can run the same Junos operating system as physical MX routers. The vMX uses virtualized DPDK-accelerated packet processing called vTRIO to separate the control and data planes for high performance. It supports various hypervisor and container deployments and can scale throughput from 100Mbps up to multiple 10Gbps ports depending on vCPU and core allocation. The vMX is suited for applications such as virtual PE routers, DC gateways, cloud WAN routers, and route reflectors where service providers need a virtualized solution that leverages their existing Junos feature set.
SD-WAN Catalyst a brief Presentation of solutionpepegaston2030
The document discusses Cisco's SD-WAN solution which provides flexibility, transport independence, and a unified management plane. It describes the SD-WAN architecture including the management plane with vManage, control plane with vSmart controllers, and data plane with physical/virtual WAN edge routers. The SD-WAN solution uses an overlay protocol and transport locators to establish encrypted tunnels between sites and distribute routing policies and services across the WAN.
Wireless intelligent networking allows service providers to introduce new services quickly through an evolving network architecture. It uses standards like CAMEL and WIN to enable features controlled outside the switch like pre-paid calling. The architecture includes elements like the SCP and IP that contain service logic and resources, interacting with other networks through signaling protocols like SS7.
Squire Technologies: Signal Transfer Point Presentation.
The SVI_STP provides a comprehensive future proof STP supporting legacy SS7 TDM, Next Generation IP SIGTRAN and IMS / LTE / 4G support. A mature, proven, carrier grade technology packed with feature rich capabilities derived from a decade of global deployments.
The presentation discusses iDirect's Evolution product line including the iDX 1.0 satellite router, X3 router, and line cards. Key features highlighted are DVB-S2/ACM technology for improved bandwidth efficiency, integration with the X3 satellite router, and software tools for monitoring and adjusting ACM performance. Benefits of iDirect's DVB-S2/ACM implementation include increased throughput and bandwidth savings while easing network configuration.
The document discusses the evolution from 4G's point-to-point core network architecture to 5G's service-based architecture. It describes the need for change driven by new 5G use cases requiring network slicing and easier integration of new features. The current 3GPP Release 15 5G service-based architecture is presented, including its protocol layering using HTTP/2 and JSON, API design principles, and support for network slicing and security. Future releases will enhance the architecture for massive IoT, ultra-reliable low latency communication, and other use cases.
This document discusses the development of test tools and RealFlow testing at a third-party testing lab. It describes various self-designed test tools developed to automate testing of devices like routers, switches, and wireless products. It also outlines how RealFlow testing uses real network traffic replay techniques to test products under realistic conditions captured from a beta testing site. Finally, it mentions some experiments conducted with Software Defined Networking and OpenFlow technologies.
A REPORT ON CITRIX INDEPENDENT COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE (ICA) PROTOCOL chaitanya ivvala
ICA stands for Independent Computing Architecture. It is a proprietary protocol for an application server system, designed by Citrix Systems. The aim of developing ICA was to streamline the data delivery process between a server and a client without binding it to a specific platform or transport protocol.
The document provides an overview of the CAMARA API project, which aims to standardize telco APIs. It discusses CAMARA's goals of abstracting network capabilities into developer-friendly services APIs and its collaboration with GSMA and other organizations. Key CAMARA APIs are summarized, including Quality on Demand, Device Status, Location Verification, Number Verification, SIM Swap, and Carrier Billing. The API definitions and use cases for some of these are outlined.
Squire Technologies: Media Gateway Controller Function Presentation.
The SVI_MGCF Media Gateway Controller Function provides a gateway between traditional Circuit Switched SS7 networks and next generation IMS networks such as LTE/ VoLTE.
The SVI-MGCF provides a fully 3GPP compliant Media Gateway Control Function extending Squire Technologies existing SVI-MGC SS7 Media Gateway Controller product utilising the rich heritage of functionality developed over 10 years of global deployment.
The SVI-MGCF provides conversion between SS7-ISUP signalling, SIP-I, SIP-T and traditional and IMS compliant SIP using H.248 MEGACO to control media gateways and DIAMETER to record charging information.
The document summarizes the results of performance and scalability tests conducted by EANTC on Comverse's Data Management and Monetization Policy Manager. The tests showed that a single chassis of the DMM Policy Manager could support over 31.5 million simultaneously active subscribers and process more than 200,000 policy transactions per second. It also demonstrated support for various 3GPP interfaces including Gx, Rx, and Sy. Additional tests confirmed the linear scalability of the solution as more blades were added.
This document provides a technical description of the CMA5000a Gigabit Ethernet application module. It can analyze traffic on 10/100/1000 Mbps optical and electrical Ethernet networks using its 2 optical and 2 electrical ports. Key features include RFC 2544 testing for installation and troubleshooting, non-intrusive network monitoring, IP jitter measurement, and generation of test reports. The document describes the module's monitoring, traffic generation, RFC 2544, and BERT testing functionality as well as its specifications and ordering information.
WAP is an open global specification that allows mobile users to access internet information and services through small wireless devices like mobile phones. It defines an architecture and protocols to provide a web-like experience on these devices. The key components of the WAP architecture include WAP gateways, wireless transport layer security, wireless transaction protocol, wireless session protocol, and wireless datagram protocol. These components work together to provide secure, interoperable, and optimized access to internet content and applications from small wireless devices.
F5 BigIP LTM Initial, Build, Install and Licensing.Kapil Sabharwal
This document provides instructions for configuring an F5 BigIP load balancer. It discusses the Local Traffic Manager module, hardware specifications for the Viprion chassis, upgrading the OS and hotfixes, initial login and management IP configuration, installing licenses, defining self-IP addresses and VLANs, and publishing applications using pools, nodes, virtual servers and related components. Configuration steps include defining pools, health monitors, client and server SSL profiles, and load balancing rules. The goal is to load balance and provide SSL termination for an application using the F5 BigIP platform.
This document provides an overview of the Diameter protocol, including its origin as an upgrade to RADIUS, its main features and functionality, types of nodes, and key applications like Gx and Gy. Diameter is an AAA protocol that provides reliable transport, failover support, mandatory security, and other improvements over RADIUS for network authentication, authorization, and accounting. The document describes Diameter messages, sessions, and common commands used in applications such as CCR/CCA for policy control on the Gx interface.
Intelligent Network Services through Active Flow ManipulationTal Lavian Ph.D.
Active Flow Manipulation Abstractions:
Aggregate data into traffic flows
Flows whose characteristics can be identified in real-time
E.g., “all UDP packets to a particular service”, “all TCP packets from a particular machine”.
Actions to be performed in the traffic flows
Actions that can be performed in real-time
E.g., “Change the priority of all traffic destined to a particular service on a particular machine”, “Stop all traffic out of a particular link of a router”.
The document discusses the requirements and experiences of carrier grade NAT (CGN) technology, including what CGN is, how it relates to IETF standards, managing subscriber sessions, flow analysis of subscriber behavior, logging optimization techniques like port block allocation and deterministic NAT, and the evolution of CGN including port forwarding and the new Port Control Protocol (PCP).
Mark Stout from T-Mobile presented on using Wireshark to analyze LTE and 5G network protocols. He discussed the key protocols used including SCTP, Diameter, GTP, and S1AP. He explained how these protocols are used between different network elements like the UE, eNodeB, MME, S-GW and P-GW. He also provided tips on setting up Wireshark profiles to effectively analyze packets for these protocols.
The document provides an overview of several transport layer protocols and concepts:
- TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery through the use of acknowledgments, flow control, and error control. UDP is a simpler connectionless protocol.
- Sockets provide an interface between applications and the network, allowing applications to build distributed client-server systems.
- Congestion control is important to prevent network congestion and ensure fair resource sharing between flows. TCP uses end-to-end congestion control while some protocols use network feedback.
- RTP and RTCP are used for real-time media delivery over UDP, providing sequencing, timing information, and quality monitoring without guarantees.
- SCT
The document summarizes the capabilities and features of the SpiderCloud Wireless Services Node, which is an enterprise small cell platform that supports both 3G and LTE radio access. The Services Node can control up to 100 small cell radio nodes across an area of over 1 million square feet, with a single platform that simplifies configuration, mobility management, and backhaul integration. It provides carrier-grade security, quality of service controls, and capabilities for self-optimizing networks and applications.
FS S5800 Series 48xGigabit SFP with 4x10GbE SFP+ Switch Katherine Wang
FS S5800 Series is high performance Ethernet switches to meet next generation Metro, Data Center and Enterprise Ethernet network requirements designed based on highend scalable chipset with integration of Layer 2 to Layer 4 packet processing engine, traffic management and fabric interface.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
The presentation discusses iDirect's Evolution product line including the iDX 1.0 satellite router, X3 router, and line cards. Key features highlighted are DVB-S2/ACM technology for improved bandwidth efficiency, integration with the X3 satellite router, and software tools for monitoring and adjusting ACM performance. Benefits of iDirect's DVB-S2/ACM implementation include increased throughput and bandwidth savings while easing network configuration.
The document discusses the evolution from 4G's point-to-point core network architecture to 5G's service-based architecture. It describes the need for change driven by new 5G use cases requiring network slicing and easier integration of new features. The current 3GPP Release 15 5G service-based architecture is presented, including its protocol layering using HTTP/2 and JSON, API design principles, and support for network slicing and security. Future releases will enhance the architecture for massive IoT, ultra-reliable low latency communication, and other use cases.
This document discusses the development of test tools and RealFlow testing at a third-party testing lab. It describes various self-designed test tools developed to automate testing of devices like routers, switches, and wireless products. It also outlines how RealFlow testing uses real network traffic replay techniques to test products under realistic conditions captured from a beta testing site. Finally, it mentions some experiments conducted with Software Defined Networking and OpenFlow technologies.
A REPORT ON CITRIX INDEPENDENT COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE (ICA) PROTOCOL chaitanya ivvala
ICA stands for Independent Computing Architecture. It is a proprietary protocol for an application server system, designed by Citrix Systems. The aim of developing ICA was to streamline the data delivery process between a server and a client without binding it to a specific platform or transport protocol.
The document provides an overview of the CAMARA API project, which aims to standardize telco APIs. It discusses CAMARA's goals of abstracting network capabilities into developer-friendly services APIs and its collaboration with GSMA and other organizations. Key CAMARA APIs are summarized, including Quality on Demand, Device Status, Location Verification, Number Verification, SIM Swap, and Carrier Billing. The API definitions and use cases for some of these are outlined.
Squire Technologies: Media Gateway Controller Function Presentation.
The SVI_MGCF Media Gateway Controller Function provides a gateway between traditional Circuit Switched SS7 networks and next generation IMS networks such as LTE/ VoLTE.
The SVI-MGCF provides a fully 3GPP compliant Media Gateway Control Function extending Squire Technologies existing SVI-MGC SS7 Media Gateway Controller product utilising the rich heritage of functionality developed over 10 years of global deployment.
The SVI-MGCF provides conversion between SS7-ISUP signalling, SIP-I, SIP-T and traditional and IMS compliant SIP using H.248 MEGACO to control media gateways and DIAMETER to record charging information.
The document summarizes the results of performance and scalability tests conducted by EANTC on Comverse's Data Management and Monetization Policy Manager. The tests showed that a single chassis of the DMM Policy Manager could support over 31.5 million simultaneously active subscribers and process more than 200,000 policy transactions per second. It also demonstrated support for various 3GPP interfaces including Gx, Rx, and Sy. Additional tests confirmed the linear scalability of the solution as more blades were added.
This document provides a technical description of the CMA5000a Gigabit Ethernet application module. It can analyze traffic on 10/100/1000 Mbps optical and electrical Ethernet networks using its 2 optical and 2 electrical ports. Key features include RFC 2544 testing for installation and troubleshooting, non-intrusive network monitoring, IP jitter measurement, and generation of test reports. The document describes the module's monitoring, traffic generation, RFC 2544, and BERT testing functionality as well as its specifications and ordering information.
WAP is an open global specification that allows mobile users to access internet information and services through small wireless devices like mobile phones. It defines an architecture and protocols to provide a web-like experience on these devices. The key components of the WAP architecture include WAP gateways, wireless transport layer security, wireless transaction protocol, wireless session protocol, and wireless datagram protocol. These components work together to provide secure, interoperable, and optimized access to internet content and applications from small wireless devices.
F5 BigIP LTM Initial, Build, Install and Licensing.Kapil Sabharwal
This document provides instructions for configuring an F5 BigIP load balancer. It discusses the Local Traffic Manager module, hardware specifications for the Viprion chassis, upgrading the OS and hotfixes, initial login and management IP configuration, installing licenses, defining self-IP addresses and VLANs, and publishing applications using pools, nodes, virtual servers and related components. Configuration steps include defining pools, health monitors, client and server SSL profiles, and load balancing rules. The goal is to load balance and provide SSL termination for an application using the F5 BigIP platform.
This document provides an overview of the Diameter protocol, including its origin as an upgrade to RADIUS, its main features and functionality, types of nodes, and key applications like Gx and Gy. Diameter is an AAA protocol that provides reliable transport, failover support, mandatory security, and other improvements over RADIUS for network authentication, authorization, and accounting. The document describes Diameter messages, sessions, and common commands used in applications such as CCR/CCA for policy control on the Gx interface.
Intelligent Network Services through Active Flow ManipulationTal Lavian Ph.D.
Active Flow Manipulation Abstractions:
Aggregate data into traffic flows
Flows whose characteristics can be identified in real-time
E.g., “all UDP packets to a particular service”, “all TCP packets from a particular machine”.
Actions to be performed in the traffic flows
Actions that can be performed in real-time
E.g., “Change the priority of all traffic destined to a particular service on a particular machine”, “Stop all traffic out of a particular link of a router”.
The document discusses the requirements and experiences of carrier grade NAT (CGN) technology, including what CGN is, how it relates to IETF standards, managing subscriber sessions, flow analysis of subscriber behavior, logging optimization techniques like port block allocation and deterministic NAT, and the evolution of CGN including port forwarding and the new Port Control Protocol (PCP).
Mark Stout from T-Mobile presented on using Wireshark to analyze LTE and 5G network protocols. He discussed the key protocols used including SCTP, Diameter, GTP, and S1AP. He explained how these protocols are used between different network elements like the UE, eNodeB, MME, S-GW and P-GW. He also provided tips on setting up Wireshark profiles to effectively analyze packets for these protocols.
The document provides an overview of several transport layer protocols and concepts:
- TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery through the use of acknowledgments, flow control, and error control. UDP is a simpler connectionless protocol.
- Sockets provide an interface between applications and the network, allowing applications to build distributed client-server systems.
- Congestion control is important to prevent network congestion and ensure fair resource sharing between flows. TCP uses end-to-end congestion control while some protocols use network feedback.
- RTP and RTCP are used for real-time media delivery over UDP, providing sequencing, timing information, and quality monitoring without guarantees.
- SCT
The document summarizes the capabilities and features of the SpiderCloud Wireless Services Node, which is an enterprise small cell platform that supports both 3G and LTE radio access. The Services Node can control up to 100 small cell radio nodes across an area of over 1 million square feet, with a single platform that simplifies configuration, mobility management, and backhaul integration. It provides carrier-grade security, quality of service controls, and capabilities for self-optimizing networks and applications.
FS S5800 Series 48xGigabit SFP with 4x10GbE SFP+ Switch Katherine Wang
FS S5800 Series is high performance Ethernet switches to meet next generation Metro, Data Center and Enterprise Ethernet network requirements designed based on highend scalable chipset with integration of Layer 2 to Layer 4 packet processing engine, traffic management and fabric interface.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Nunit vs XUnit vs MSTest Differences Between These Unit Testing Frameworks.pdfflufftailshop
When it comes to unit testing in the .NET ecosystem, developers have a wide range of options available. Among the most popular choices are NUnit, XUnit, and MSTest. These unit testing frameworks provide essential tools and features to help ensure the quality and reliability of code. However, understanding the differences between these frameworks is crucial for selecting the most suitable one for your projects.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
4. 4
Policy Server (PCRF) Testing
• Emulation of the Policy Control Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the
PDN-GW to benchmark PCRF performance
– Measure transactions per second (TPS) with a minimum number of policy rules established
– Increase policy rules to understand the impact on TPS performance
– Measure the number of active subscriber sessions that can supported (capacity)
SGi
Rx
Sy
IMS
Network
PCEF/PDN-
GW/EPC
PCRF (DUT)
OCS
Sh HSS (AS)
Gx
Server
Test
5. MME Isolation Testing
MME/SGSN (DUT)
S-GW
S1-MME
S6a
S6d
eNodeB
▪ Validate access control, security issues, and basic LTE mobility
▪ Simulate intra and inter eNodeB handovers, IRAT with RNC
▪ Test the scalability of next generation MME
HSS
S11
S4
RNC
IuPS EPC
Isolation
6. Diameter Routing Agent (DRA)
PGW
DRA (DUT)
MME
OCS/OFCS
HSS
▪ Test the any-to-any Diameter node connectivity of the DRA
▪ Measure packet routing performance
▪ Measure load balancing, failover performance, and network congestion control
▪ Verify Diameter proxy/relay services (used in peering/roaming agreements)
S6a
Gz/Gy
S6a
Gz/Gy
DRA
7. Interface Support
1. S6a - HSS and MME
2. S6d - HSS and SGSN
3. Gx - PCRF and PCEF
4. Ro/Gy - PCEF and OCS
5. S6b - AAA and PGW
6. Rx - CSCF and PCRF
7. STa - AAA and ANGW
8. Sh - HSS and AS
9. Cx - CSCF and HSS
10. Sy - OCS and PCRF
11. SWm – AAA and ePDG (Evolved Packet Data Gateway)
12. SWa - AAA and AN GW (Access Network GW for untrusted non-3GPP)
13. Rf/Gz - PGW and OFCS; OFCS and CSCF
14. Gr – SGSN and HLR
15. SGs – MME and VLR
16. S9 – V-PCRF and H-PCRF
17. SWx/Wx – AAA and HSS
18. S13/S13’ – MME and EIR; SGSN and EIR
19. Gxx (Gxc & Gxa) - SGW and PCRF; AN GW and PCRF
7
8. Performance on Ixia HW
8
40 Million Subscribers
>400.000 Transactions per Second
9. VM based solution (sw only)
9
• It runs as a VM but it is not the IxVM product (VMware format, can
be installed using VMware Player freeware); no Hypervisor
• Performance is not guaranteed
• Can run on the same machine as ixLoad Client or different one
• Still needs ixLoad CPD Base PartNumber (925-5001)
10. Diameter Licensing
• 3 components:
– Interface (Client or Server): a-la-carte
– TPS level
– Total Number of Subscribers
TPS and Subscribers are total, no restriction per interface or nodes.
10
11. Diameter Licensing – details
• TPS licenses are checked out in 1k batches, Subscribers in 10k
batches. Any number of users can run in parallel provided that
aggregated sum of checked out licenses doesn’t exceed the total
limit. E.g. for a 20k TPS: maximum 20 users can run in parallel tests
each of 1k TPS.
– Once TPS limit is reached, there’s a throttling mechanism in place;
warning is displayed at run time in ixLoad Log window.
– If Subscriber number is exceeded the user will not be able to run the
test (apply config error)
11
12. What can be tested?
➢Functional testing:
➢Coordinated simulation across multiple interfaces or
nodes
➢Negative scenarios
➢Conformance testing
➢Performance
12
13. Advanced Features - SmartEvents
13
❑ Define behavior across the Diameter network, nodes
and subscriber.
❖ Reacts to message content received
❖ Create dynamic subscriber behavior based on probabilities
or external stimuli
❖ Realistic response to network or protocol failure conditions
❖ Ability to dynamically change overall test behavior
❖ Coordinate events from multiple applications
❑ Each subscriber flows through its own state machine.
❖ Subscribers can be grouped to align with traffic model.
14. SmartEventsTM: Volte call example
14
❑ Use SmartEvents to simulate real world traffic
profiles across multiple interfaces such as Gx & Rx
Coordinate Gx and Rx, here we
are able to verify CCA-I followed
by starting an AAR on Rx. The
Rx AAR will not be sent until the
CCA-I is received.
Verify the RAR is sent by the
PCRF for the appropriate
subscriber to insure the PCRF
has signaled to the PGW to
create a dedicated bearer
channel.
The order of the Rx AAA and Gx
RAR can vary based on network
conditions but can be handled
by the SmartEvent state
machine
❑ Coordinating multiple stateful interfaces such as Gx
and Rx allows the user to verify the PAS or PCRF are
properly handling and routing messages and
transactions to the appropriate subscribers.
15. SmartEvents: Example 2
15
❑ Conditional event handlers allow users to create real
world traffic profiles
Conditional event handler can
use probability assignments that
cause users to take action
based on probabilities of
occurrence assigned
Subscribers will take a different
path each time through the
SmartEvents state machine
based on the probability
assignments, in this case 40%
of subscribers will place a
VoLTE call
❑ Conditional event handlers can be used many
different ways including creating loops until a
condition such as credit pool balance are met.
16. SmartAVPsTM
16
❑ AVP customization and substitution
❑ Create/modify/remove any AVP in any Diameter Application Message
❑ Configure an AVP from scratch
❑ Include vendor-specific or other optional AVPs in Diameter messages
❑ Insert multiple AVPs inside an AVP (nested AVPs)
❑ Define proprietary signaling or corrupt AVPs for negative testing
❑ Possibility of being compatible with any 3GPP spec version
❑ Simulate scenarios that are not as per specification in order to
address some custom/specific scenarios (eq EUTRAN simulation with
UTRAN parameters)
❑ Support for subscriber specific-data as AVPs data through the use of
„transparent-data” option e.g. IMSI, IMEI, MSISDN, public/private
identity, IP address of the subscriber (IPv4 or IPv6).
❑ Inter-operability with any customer equipment
19. SmartAVPs: Example 3
19
❑ Once the SmartAVP is defined users insert one or many
into the SmartEvent state machine
SmartAVPs are added
into the state where
users want them to
occur
20. Diameter Protocol
20
❖ Defined by RFC6733
❖ All data delivered by the protocol is in the form of AVPs.
❖ Runs over TCP or SCTP
The Diameter protocol provides the following facilities:
❖ Ability to exchange messages and deliver AVPs
❖ Capabilities negotiation
❖ Error notification
❖ Extensibility, required in [RFC2989], through addition of new
applications, commands, and AVPs
❖ Basic services necessary for applications, such as the handling of
user sessions or accounting
21. Diameter Protocol
21
Diameter is a client – server protocol BUT:
• A Diameter node may act as an agent for certain requests while
acting as a server for others.
• Any node can initiate a request. In that sense, Diameter is a peer-
to-peer protocol.
• The Diameter protocol also supports server-initiated messages,
such as a request to abort service to a particular user.
• A Diameter client generates Diameter messages to request
authentication, authorization, and accounting services for the user
• A Diameter server performs authentication and/or authorization of
the user and/or and accounting requests.
22. Why IxLoad Diameter?
1 Reason: Performance
22
Metric 1 Appliance
Max Subscribers 16M
Max Rate 400.000
Are you sure your DRA is strong enough?
How do you really measure MME/PGW
performance if the HSS/PCRF is slow?
VoLTE makes it much worse!
23. VoLTE and Diameter
• One single VoLTE call involves:
– 5 Diameter nodes (DRA, HSS, OFCS, OCS, PCRF)
– 3 EPC nodes (MME, PGW, CSCF)
– 6 Diameter interfaces (S6a, Gx, Rx, Sh, Sy, Cx)
• IxLoad is the only test tool that can run all the above in one single
test, with coordinated simulation between multiple interfaces.
23
24. VoLTE and Diameter
• VoLTE impact in Diameter signaling:
– 1 VoLTE call triggers 13 Diameter messages (!!!)
– Note: Attach/VoLTE call/Detach sequence triggers 30 Diameter
messages
24
3 Million UEs BHCA Diameter Transactions per
Second
Nominal test 2.4M 20.000
Earthquake scenario (20x
overload)
48M 410.000
Your VoLTE and Diameter test tools must scale appropriately!
25. Diameter - IxLoad vs Competition
Area Performance IxLoad XT80v2 Competition
Performance
Max Subscribers 16M <5M
Max Transactions 400K 400K
Flexibility
Can edit state machine YES YES
Can create events for
synchronization across
interfaces
YES NO
Can add/remove/modify
AVPs, including for specific
message and/or state
YES Partially
25
26. Diameter Roadmap
26
Date Feature set
4/15 Add support for Sd interface
6/30 EventViewer support for error reporting
6/30 Support for PerfectStorm HW
7/30 (in planning) Add support for AAA and 3GPP AAA Radius
9/30 (in planning) Add support for SLh, SLs, SLg interfaces